- Nebraska Territory
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Territory of Nebraska Organized incorporated territory of the United States ← 
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1854–1867 →
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Capital Omaha Government Organized incorporated territory Governor List History - Kansas-Nebraska Act May 30 1854 - Colorado Territory formed February 28 1861 - Dakota Territory formed March 2 1861 - Idaho Territory formed March 3 1863 - Statehood March 1 1867 The Territory of Nebraska was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from May 30, 1854, until March 1, 1867, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Nebraska. The Nebraska Territory was created by the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854. The territorial capital was Omaha.
Contents
History
An enabling act was passed by Congress in 1864. Delegates for a constitutional convention were elected; this convention did not produce a constitution. Two years later, in 1866, a constitution was drafted and voted upon. It was approved by 100 votes. However, a clause in this constitution that limited suffrage to "free white males" delayed Nebraska's entry into the Union for almost a year. The 1866 enabling act for the state was subject to a pocket veto by President Andrew Johnson. When Congress reconvened in 1867, it passed another bill to create the state of Nebraska, on the condition that Nebraska's constitution be amended to remove the suffrage clause. This bill was also vetoed by President Johnson. Congress then overrode his veto.
Further information: History of slavery in NebraskaFight for the State Capitol
After serving as the territorial capital for ten years, Omaha City wanted to be the capital of the new state. In 1854 land speculators formed the Omaha Claim Club as part of a scheme to persuade Territorial legislators to keep the capital in Omaha. Their aggressive efforts to secure land to give away to legislators led to the platting of Scriptown. Located in present-day North Omaha and NoDo, lots in the area were used to coerce legislators and push unwanted claimants from their land. The acts were later determined to be illegal by the United States Supreme Court in Baker v. Morton.
In January, 1858 a group of representatives illegally moved the Nebraska Territorial Legislature to Florence following a violent outburst at the capitol building. After repeatedly being dogged out of voting on the removal of the capital from Omaha, a skirmish pitted representatives from Nebraska City, Florence, and other communities to convene outside of Omaha. Despite having a majority of members present for the vote to remove the capital and all agreeing, the "Florence Legislature" did not succeed in swaying the Nebraska Territory governor. The capital remained at Omaha until 1867 when Nebraska gained statehood.[1]
Early settlement
Several trading posts, forts and towns were established in the Nebraska Territory from the early 19th century through 1867, including Fontenelle's Post founded in the present-day site of Bellevue in 1806. It was first mentioned in fur trading records in 1823. Fort Lisa, founded by Manuel Lisa near present-day Dodge Park in North Omaha was founded in 1812, although Lisa had earlier founded posts further up the Missouri in Montana and North Dakota.
Fort Atkinson, was founded on the Council Bluff in 1819; in 1822 Cabanne's Trading Post was founded nearby on the Missouri River. Mormon settlers founded Cutler's Park in 1846, and the town of Bellevue was incorporated in 1853. Nearby Omaha City was founded in 1854, with Nebraska City and Kearney incorporated in 1855. The influential towns of Brownville and Fontanelle were founded that year as well. The early village of Lancaster, later called Lincoln, was founded in 1856, along with the towns of Saratoga, South Nebraska City and Florence.[2]
Early press
Early print media in the Nebraska Territory served the dual purposes of sharing the news and promoting the area for settlement. In 1860 the Territory had twelve weekly publications, one biweekly and one monthly, with a combined circulation of 9,750. After statehood in 1867 the newspaper industry expanded greatly.[3]
Pioneer print media in the Nebraska Territory[4] Name Print period Location Notes Nebraska Palladium and Platte Valley Advocate 1854–55 Bellevue Edited by Thomas Morton Arrow Omaha Nebraska News Nebraska City Nebraskian 1854–64 Omaha Nebraska Advertiser 1856 Brownville Edited by Robert W. Furnas Huntsman's Echo 1858 Near Shelton Edited by Joseph E. Johnson, this paper was influential with Oregon Trail pioneers. Nebraska Republican 1858 Omaha The first paper in the Territory to have mechanical presses, this was later succeeded by the Omaha Republican, and in 1871 absorbed the Omaha Tribune. Nebraska Farmer 1859 Brownville Robert W. Furnas also published the first agricultural newspaper in the Territory. Peru Orchardist Peru Daily Telegraph 1860 Omaha The first daily publication in the Territory failed, and in 1861 it was sold to the Nebraskian. Nebraska Deutsche Zeitung 1861 Nebraska City Published by Frank Renner, this German language paper was circulated nationally and in Germany. It is credited with bringing many German settlers to the Territory. Daily Herald 1865 Omaha Edited by George L. Miller, this paper was influential in bringing the Union Pacific to Omaha. Early military posts
With a variety of early fur trading posts, Fort Atkinson, founded in 1819, was the location of the first military post in what became the Nebraska Territory, as well as its first school.[5] Other posts in the Nebraska Territory included Fort Kearny near present-day Kearney; Fort McPherson near present-day Maxwell; Fort Mitchell near present-day Scottsbluff; Fort Randall, in what is now South Dakota; and Fort Caspar, Fort Halleck, Fort Laramie, and Fort Sanders, in what is now Wyoming.
Further information: Category:Forts in NebraskaBoundaries
The Nebraska Territory's original boundaries (as specified by its Organic Act) included much of the original Louisiana Purchase; the territory's boundaries were:
- Southern – 40° N (the current Kansas–Nebraska border);
- Western – the Continental Divide between the Pacific and the Atlantic/Arctic Oceans;
- Northern – 49° N (the U.S.–Canada border);
- Eastern – the White Earth and Missouri rivers.
Subsequent territory creation
Upon creation, the territory encompassed most of the northern Great Plains, much of the upper Missouri River basin and the eastern portions of the northern Rocky Mountains. The Nebraska Territory gradually reduced in size as new territories were created in the 1860s.
The Colorado Territory was formed February 28, 1861 from portions of the territory south of 41° N and west of 102°03' W (25° W of Washington, DC) (an area that includes present-day Fort Collins, Greeley and the portions of Boulder north of Baseline Road.
March 2, 1861 saw the creation of the Dakota Territory. It was made of all of the portions of Nebraska Territory north of 43° N (the present-day Nebraska–South Dakota border), along with the portion of present-day Nebraska between 43° N and the Keya Paha and Niobrara rivers (this land would be returned to Nebraska in 1882). The act creating the Dakota Territory also included provisions granting Nebraska small portions of Utah Territory and Washington Territory — present-day southwestern Wyoming bounded by 41° N, 110°03' W (33° W of Washington, DC), 43° N and the Continental Divide. These portions had not been part of the Louisiana Purchase; rather, they had been part of Oregon Country and became part of the United States in 1846.
On March 3, 1863, the Idaho Territory was formed of all the territory west of 104°03' W (27° W of Washington, DC).
See also
- American Civil War, 1861–65
- California Trail
- Compromise of 1850
- First Transcontinental Railroad
- Governors of Nebraska Territory
- Historic regions of the United States
- History of Nebraska
- Landmarks of the Nebraska Territory
- Mexican-American War, 1846–48
- Mormon Trail
- Oregon Trail
- Territorial evolution of the United States
- Territories of Spain that encompassed land that would later become part of the Territory of Nebraska:
- Nueva Vizcaya, 1562–1821
- Santa Fé de Nuevo Méjico, 1598–1821
- Luisiana, 1764–1803
- Territory of France that encompassed land that would later become part of the Territory of Nebraska:
- Louisiane, 1682–1764 and 1803
- Territory of the United Kingdom that encompassed land that would later become part of the Territory of Nebraska:
- Rupert's Land, 1670–1870
- Territorial claim of the Republic of Texas, 1836–45
- U.S. territories that encompassed land that would later become part of the Territory of Nebraska:
- Louisiana Purchase, 1803–04
- District of Louisiana, 1804–05
- Territory of Louisiana, 1805–12
- Territory of Missouri, 1812–21
- Former territorial claim of the Republic of Texas, 1845–1850
- Mexican Cession, 1848
- Territory of Oregon, 1848–59
- State of Deseret, 1849–50 (extralegal)
- Territory of Utah, 1850–1896
- Territory of Washington, 1853–89
- U.S. territories that encompassed land that was previously part of the Territory of Nebraska:
- Territory of Jefferson, 1859–61 (extralegal)
- Territory of Colorado, 1861–76
- Territory of Dakota, 1861–89
- Territory of Idaho, 1863–90
- Territory of Montana, 1864–89
- Territory of Wyoming, 1868–90
- U.S. states that encompass land that was once part of the Territory of Nebraska:
- State of Nebraska, 1867
- State of Colorado, 1876
- State of North Dakota, 1889
- State of South Dakota, 1889
- State of Montana, 1889
- State of Wyoming, 1890
- Territories of Spain that encompassed land that would later become part of the Territory of Nebraska:
- Timeline of Racial Tension in Omaha, Nebraska
References
- ^ Bristow, D. (1997) A Dirty, Wicked Town: Tale of 19th Century Omaha. Caxton Press.
- ^ Federal Writers Project. (1939) Nebraska. Lincoln, NE: Nebraska State Historical Society. p 49.
- ^ Federal Writers Project. (1939) Nebraska. Lincoln, NE: Nebraska State Historical Society. p 134.
- ^ Federal Writers Project. (1939) Nebraska. Lincoln, NE: Nebraska State Historical Society. p 133.
- ^ (n.d.) World Almanac for Kids: Nebraska: Education.
External links
Categories:- States and territories established in 1854
- States and territories disestablished in 1867
- Nebraska Territory
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