City of London Police

City of London Police
Logo of the City of London Police.
Agency overview
Formed	1839
Annual budget	£61.2m (2006/7)
Legal personality	Governmental: Government agency
Jurisdictional structure
The City of London police area (red), shown within Greater London (pink)
Size	1.1 sq mi / 2.8 km²
Population	approx 8,000 (residential) approx 300,000 (daily commuter)[1]
Legal jurisdiction	England & Wales
Governing body	Common Council of the City of London
Constituting instrument	City of London Police Act 1839
General nature	Law enforcement Local civilian police
Operational structure
Headquarters	Wood Street station, Bassishaw
Police Officers	813[2]
Agency executive	Addrian Leppard MBA, Commissioner
Divisions	2
Facilities
Stations	3
Website
www.cityoflondon.police.uk
Footnotes
* Police area agency: Prescribed geographic area in the country, over which the agency has usual operational jurisdiction.

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The City of London Police is the territorial police force responsible for law enforcement within the City of London, England, including the Middle and Inner Temple. The service responsible for law enforcement within the rest of Greater London is the Metropolitan Police Service, a separate organisation. The City of London, which is now primarily a financial centre with a small resident population but a large commuting workforce, is the historic core of London, and has an administrative history distinct from that of the rest of the metropolis, of which its separate police force is one manifestation.

Nationally, as a result of the Fraud Review 2008 the force was recognised as the lead police force for fraud and granted funding from government to further develop its capabilities nationally and internationally.^[3] The police authority is the Common Council of the City, and unlike other territorial forces in England there will not be an elected commissioner replacing that police authority by way of the Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011.^[4]

With around 1,200 employees, including 813 police officers, 85 Special Constables, 48 PCSOs and three police stations (located in Snow Hill, Wood Street and Bishopsgate), the City of London Police is the smallest territorial police force in England and Wales, both in terms of geographic area - the square mile centre of London - and the number of police officers.^[2] The Commissioner since December 2010 is Adrian Leppard, formerly Deputy Chief Constable of Kent Police.

The City of London area has a resident population of 8,043 with 4,421 households. These numbers are increased by the daily influx of approximately 300,000 commuters working in the City, with an additional 300,000 cars passing through the square mile a day, along with thousands of tourists.^[5]

History of policing in the City

Policing in the City of London has existed since Roman times. Wood Street Police Station, the current headquarters of the City Police, is built on part of the site of a Roman fortress, which may have housed some of the first police in the City.^[6]

Prior to 1839, the responsibility for policing in the City was divided between day and night, primarily under the two Sheriffs. It was these officers responsible for ensuring the Night Watch was maintained. Policing during the day eventually came under the City Patrol, which evolved into the City Day Police, which was modelled on the Metropolitan Police. In 1838, the Day Police and Night Watch were merged into a single organisation. The passing of the City of London Police Act 1839 gave statutory approval to the force as an independent police body, heading off attempts made to merge it with the Metropolitan Police.^[7]

During 1842, the City Police moved its headquarters from Corporation's Guildhall to 26 Old Jewry, where it remained until it was relocated to Wood Street in 2002.^[6]

Organisation

The City Police is organised into five Basic Command Units:^[8]

• Economic Crime Directorate
• Counter Terrorism and Serious Crime Directorate
• Specialist Support Directorate
• Territorial Policing Directorate
• Corporate Services Directorate

Because of the City's role as a world financial centre, the City of London Police has developed a great deal of expertise in dealing with fraud and "is the acknowledged lead force within the UK for economic crime investigation."^[9] The Economic Crime Directorate includes the Fraud Squad, the Cheque and Credit Card Unit, the Money Laundering Investigation Unit, the Dedicated Cheque and Plastic Crime Unit, the Fraud Intelligence Development Team and the Overseas Corruption Unit.^[10]

Leadership structure

• Commissioner Adrian Leppard
• Assistant Commissioner Frank Armstrong
• Commander Ian Dyson

• Detective Chief Superintendent Steve Head - Responsible for Economic Crime Directorate
• Chief Superintendent Alex Robertson - Responsible for Specialist Support Directorate
• Chief Superintendent Ken Stewart - Responsible for Counter Terrorism and Serious Crime Directorate
• Chief Superintendent Rob Bastable - Responsible for Territorial Police Directorate

Uniform

Mounted Section officer

Where the majority of British police forces have white metal badges and buttons, those of the City Police are brass. The force also have a unique red and white chequered sleeve and cap bands (red and white being the colours of the City of London), which in most other British police forces are black and white. Women officers wear a red and white cravat.^[11]

Their helmet has altered little since its introduction in 1865 and has a crest instead of the white metal boss worn on the Metropolitan Police helmet. The "helmet plate" or badge is the City of London coat of arms; this is unique for a UK police force in that it does not include the Royal Crown, neither does it have the Brunswick Star, which is used on most other police helmets in England and Wales.^[12]

On State and ceremonial occasions the Commissioner and his deputy wear a special full-dress uniform and hat (pictured below); other than on these occasions, they wear standard uniform.

Warrant card

The City of London warrant card badge is the city shield enameled in red and white. The City motto "Domine Dirige Nos" (Lord Guide Us) in gold on a black scroll above the words "City of London Police". Two griffins surround the shield. The warrant number is printed below and the word "police" is written beneath that in braille (courtesy of former blind Home Secretary David Blunkett).

Ranks

Two vans used by City of London Police

The ranks from constable to chief superintendent are the same as all other British police forces. The three senior ranks are similar to those used by the Metropolitan Police.

• Police Community Support Officer (PCSO) (collar number under wording PCSO and the City of London Police logo is above the PCSO wording.
• Police Constable (PC) (collar number)
• Police Sergeant (Sgt or PS) (three point-down chevrons under collar number)
• Inspector (Insp) (two stars of the Order of the Bath, informally known as pips)
• Chief Inspector (Ch Insp) (three pips)
• Superintendent (Supt) (crown)
• Chief Superintendent (Ch Supt) (crown over one pip)
• Commander (Cmdr) (crossed tipstaves in a laurel wreath)
• Assistant Commissioner (AC) (crown over Commander's badge)
• Commissioner (crown above one pip above Commander's badge)

Commissioners

Assistant Commissioner in ceremonial full-dress uniform for the Lord Mayor's Show.

• Daniel Whittle Harvey (1839–1863)
• Colonel Sir James Fraser, KCB (1863–1890)
• Sir Henry Smith, KCB (1890–1902)
• Sir William Nott-Bower, KCVO (1902–1925)
• Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Hugh Turnbull, KCVO, KBE, KPM (1925–1950)
• Colonel Sir Arthur Young, KBE, CMG, CVO, KPM (1950–1971)
• Charles James Page, CBE, QPM (1971–1977)
• Peter Marshall, QPM (1977–1985)
• Owen Kelly, QPM (1985–1994)
• William Taylor, CBE, QPM (1994–1998).
• Perry Nove, CBE, QPM (1998–2002)
• James Hart, CBE, QPM (2002–2006)
• Michael Bowron, QPM (2007– 2011)
• Adrian Leppard (Dec 2010–)

Special constabulary

The City Specials are led by a Commandant. Below him are Special Superintendents who head Basic Command Units composed of other Special Constables.

The City of London Special Constabulary were awarded the Ferrers Trophy in 2006 for the efforts of their officers after July 7, 2005's terrorist attacks. The award is given annually to police volunteers, for exceptional dedication and innovation. It was the first time in the award's history that an entire Special Constabulary received the trophy.^[13]

The current Special Commandant (Chief Officer) is Ian Miller MBE who was the first Special to ever be given permission by the Home Office to serve with two police forces simultaneously. This was possible because he lived in Scotland but worked in London Monday to Friday.^[14]

Promotion within the Special Constabulary is not dependent upon rising through the ranks. Ian Miller became Commandant of the COLP Special Constabulary after only a few months as a Special Constable in the City (albeit with over 20 years service in Scotland), without holding any of the intermediate ranks.^{[citation needed]}. Similarly former Acting Chief Inspector Barrie Stewart of the City of London Police retired from the Regulars and then returned as a Special Inspector.

Due to an unprecedented intake of Special Constables from 2006, the City of London reintroduced the rank of Special Inspector (formerly Assistant Divisional Officer). All 3 existing Divisional Officers then became Special Superintendents. The rank of Special Chief Inspector was also reintroduced but as of January 2011 no-one holds this rank.

Officers killed in the line of duty

See also: List of British police officers killed in the line of duty

The Police Memorial Trust lists and commemorates all British police officers killed in the line of duty, and since its establishment in 1984 has erected over 38 memorials to some of those officers.

Since 1900 the following officers of the City of London Police were killed while attempting to prevent or stop a crime in progress:^[15]

• Sgt Robert Bentley, PC Walter Choat and Sgt Charles Tucker, 1910 (all fatally shot prior to the Siege of Sidney Street).
• Cmdr Hugh Moore QPM, 1993 (suffered heart failure following a violent arrest).

Olympics

Teams of the City of London Police participated in the Olympic games three times in the tug of war tournament. At the 1908 Summer Olympics they won the gold medal, beating a team of the Liverpool Police in the final. In 1912 the team was beaten in the final by one of the Stockholm Police. At the 1920 Summer Olympics the team regained its title, beating the Netherlands. This was the last time tug of war was an Olympic sport, which means the City of London Police is still the reigning Olympic champion.^[16][17]

See also

• City of London market constabularies
• Project Griffin
• The Honourable Artillery Company
• List of police forces in the United Kingdom
• Law enforcement in the United Kingdom
• Fraud Squad

External links

• City of London Police/ Official Website

References

1. ^ City of London Police - index. Cityoflondon.police.uk (2008-06-19). Retrieved on 2009-05-06.
2. ^ ^{a b} "The police | Home Office". Police.homeoffice.gov.uk. http://police.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/police-reform/Police-strength-Mar09. Retrieved 2010-09-09. 
3. ^ "National Fraud Authority". Lslo.gov.uk. http://www.lslo.gov.uk/nfa/WhoWeWorkWith/Pages/NLF.aspx. Retrieved 2010-09-09. 
4. ^ Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011
5. ^ "City of London Police - index". Cityoflondon.police.uk. http://www.cityoflondon.police.uk/CityPolice/About/. Retrieved 2009-06-08. 
6. ^ ^{a b} City of London Police - City Police history. Cityoflondon.police.uk. Retrieved on 2010-07-21.
7. ^ "Records of City of London Police Officers in CLRO" (PDF). http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/5DDACB93-FA64-4921-851F-4B524B4F0E2C/0/LH_CLRO_policerecords.pdf. Retrieved 2009-06-08. 
8. ^ City of London Police - index. Cityoflondon.police.uk (2008-06-19). Retrieved on 2009-05-06.
9. ^ "City of London Police - Economic Crime Directorate". Cityoflondon.police.uk. 2010-07-23. http://www.cityoflondon.police.uk/CityPolice/Departments/ECD/. Retrieved 2010-09-09. 
10. ^ "City of London Police - Structure". Cityoflondon.police.uk. 2010-07-26. http://www.cityoflondon.police.uk/CityPolice/Departments/ECD/About/structure.htm. Retrieved 2010-09-09. 
11. ^ "Uniforms and Buttons". Citypolice.tripod.com. http://citypolice.tripod.com/CityofLondonUniforms.htm. Retrieved 2010-09-09. 
12. ^ "Uniforms". Citypolice.tripod.com. http://citypolice.tripod.com/helmetsandbadges.htm. Retrieved 2010-09-09. 
13. ^ "City of London Police - Specials given top honours". Cityoflondon.police.uk. 2006-06-14. http://www.cityoflondon.police.uk/CityPolice/Media/News/NewsArchive/2006/specialstophonours.htm. Retrieved 2010-09-09. 
14. ^ "City of London Police - Officers recognized in Queen’s Birthday Honours". Cityoflondon.police.uk. 2008-06-16. http://www.cityoflondon.police.uk/CityPolice/Media/News/NewsArchive/2008/officersrecognizedinqueensbirthdayhonours.htm. Retrieved 2010-09-09. 
15. ^ http://www.policememorial.org.uk/Forces/City_of_London/City_of_London-Roll.htm
16. ^ London 1908: Drugs, discord, cheating, boycotts and 56 gold medals for Britain - Scotsman.com Sport. Sport.scotsman.com. Retrieved on 2009-05-06.
17. ^ City of London Police - City Police history. Cityoflondon.police.uk. Retrieved on 2009-05-06.