National Public Order Intelligence Unit

The National Public Order Intelligence Unit (NPOIU) is a United Kingdom police intelligence unit set up in 1999 to track green activists and public demonstrations.^[1]

History

Established in March 1999, the NPOIU incorporated the Animal Rights National Index,^[2] work that had previously been the responsibility of the various Special Branches.^[3][4] Initially operated as part of the Metropolitan Police Special Branch.^[5] and is now part of the Specialist Operations Business Group.^[6]

Purpose

On 10 November, 2009, in a question in the House of Commons, MP Dai Davies (Blaenau Gwent, Independent), asked then then Secretary of State for the Home Department various questions about the National Public Order Intelligence Unit (NPOIU). In response, David Hanson (Minister of State (Crime and Policing), Home Office; Delyn, Labour) responded that the main purpose of the unit is to:^[7]

• Provide the police service with an ability to develop a national threat assessment and profile for domestic extremism.
• Support forces to reduce crime and disorder from domestic extremism.
• Support a proportionate police response to protest activity.
• Help forces manage concerns of communities and businesses in order to minimise conflict and disorder.

According to Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary the NPOIU "performs an intelligence function in relation to politically motivated disorder (not legitimate protests) on behalf of England, Wales and Scotland." by "co-ordinat[ing] the national collection, analysis, exploitation and dissemination of intelligence on the extremist threat to public order."^[5]

Evening Standard investigative journalist Andrew Gilligan described it as "a secretive, Scotland Yard-based police taskforce" whose "role in controlling dissent is central".^[8]

Organisation

The NPOIU is based in London, either at Scotland Yard,^[9][10][11] or on the 5th Floor of Tintagel House on the bank of the River Thames.^[12] The unit has a staff of 60-70 officers and police staff, seconded from other forces, and has had its budget more than doubled in four years from £2.6 million in 2005/06 to £5.7 million in 2009/10.^[13][7] The unit is led by an officer of the rank of Detective Superintendent,^[14] as of 2006 this was Maria Smith of the Wiltshire Constabulary.^[15]

The NPOIU now forms one branch of the National Domestic Extremism Unit (NDEU), under the control of ACPO's National Coordinator for Domestic Extremism, Detective Chief Supt Adrian Tudway.^[13][16] The NPOIU works in conjunction with the National Extremism Tactical Co-ordination Unit (NETCU) and the National Domestic Extremism Team (NDET).^[17]

Confidential Intelligence Unit

The Confidential Intelligence Unit was set up in 1999^[12] through discussions held by the members of the Association of Chief Police Officers of England & Wales to observe extremist political groups throughout the UK.^[18] The section of the unit is led by an officer of the rank of Detective Chief Inspector.^[14]

Operations

Strathclyde Police were criticised by pacifist demonstrators at the Faslane nuclear submarine base, after their details were sent to the unit.^[19] Anti-genetically modified food protesters and Muslim university students have also been the target of surveillance by the unit.^[20][21]

In January 2011, it was reported that Mark Kennedy of the Metropolitan Police was one of the first officers to work as an undercover infiltrator for the NPOIU, and had spent seven years within the environmental protest movement.^[22] Kennedy later confirmed in an exclusive interview with the Mail on Sunday, arranged through his PR agent Max Clifford,^[23] that he as Simon Jenkins suspected suffered a version of "Stockholm syndrome,"^[24][25] although he denied becoming an agent provocateur within the movement,^[25] adding that he had been incompetently handled by his superiors and denied psychological counselling.^[25]

Takeover by the Metropolitan Police

In November 2010 it was announced that the three ACPO units commanded by the National Coordinator for Domestic Extremism would be rebranded as the National Domestic Extremism Unit and brought under the control of the Metropolitan Police by Summer 2011.^[26]

Following The Guardian articles about the activities and accusations of Mark Kennedy, and the collapse of the trial of six activists, a number of initiatives and changes were announced:^[27][28]

• Acknowledging that "something had gone very wrong" in the Kennedy case to the Home Affairs Select Committee,^[29] Home Office minister Nick Herbert stated that ACPO would lose control of three teams involved in tackling domestic extremism. Herbert re-announced the already planned transfer of the units to the Metropolitan Police, with acting commissioner Tim Godwin confirming that this would occur at the earliest possible timescale.^[27]
• Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary announced that Bernard Hogan-Howe would lead an investigation into ACPO, to assess whether undercover operations had been "authorised in accordance with law" and "proportionate".^[27]
• The Serious Organised Crime Agency announced an inquiry into the conduct of Mark Kennedy.^[27]
• The Independent Police Complaints Commission announced an investigation into Nottinghamshire Police, over allegations it suppressed surveillance tapes recorded by Kennedy, the contents of which may have exonerated the six Ratcliffe activists.^[27]

See also

• Forward Intelligence Team
• National Domestic Extremism Unit
• National Coordinator for Domestic Extremism
• National Extremism Tactical Co-ordination Unit
• National Domestic Extremism Team

References

1. ^ "Secret State: Timeline". BBC News. 17 October 2002. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/true_spies/2337091.stm. 
2. ^ How scarves and woollies slaughtered a trade by Paul Vallely, The Independent, 6 January 1995
3. ^ Special Branch to target protesters by Jason Bennetto, The Independent, 3 November 1994
4. ^ Crackdown on green terrorists by Jason Bennetto, The Independent, 29 December 1994
5. ^ ^{a b} A Need to Know: HMIC thematic inspection of Special Branch and Ports policing, HMIC, January 2003, accessed 18 February 2009
6. ^ MPA Revenue and Capital Budget Book 2007/08, Metropolitan Police Authority, 24 April 2007, accessed 18 February 2009
7. ^ ^{a b} Written Answers for 10 November 2009 David Hanson MP, Minister of State (Crime and Policing), Home Office, 10 November 2009, accessed 12 November 2009
8. ^ "Spooks on the trail of 'Captain Gatso'" by Andrew Gilligan, Evening Standard, 12 September 2005
9. ^ Police unit to target green protesters by Jason Bennetto, The Independent, 7 November 1998, accessed 18 February 2009
10. ^ `Terrorist methods' of green activists `set terrorist snares' by Jason Bennetto, The Independent, 19 March 1999, accessed 18 February 2009
11. ^ Secret State Timeline, BBC Thursday, 17 October, 2002, accessed 17 February 2009
12. ^ ^{a b} We are all extremists now by Seumas Milne, The Guardian, 16 February 2009, accessed 18 February 2009
13. ^ ^{a b} Collins, Nick (10 January, 2011). "What is the National Public Order Intelligence Unit?". London: Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/8250346/What-is-the-National-Public-Order-Intelligence-Unit.html. Retrieved 2011-01-11. 
14. ^ ^{a b} Head of Confidential Intelligence Unit (CIU) National Public Order Intelligence Unit (NPOIU), ACPO website, cache accessed 18 February 2009
15. ^ BAWP Grapevine Autumn 2006, British Association for Women in Policing, September 2006, accessed 12 November 2009
16. ^ "DCS Adrian Tudway appointed new National Coordinator for Domestic Extremism". NECTU.org.uk. 15 November 2010. http://www.netcu.org.uk/media/article.jsp?id=665&chkx=a7f6a8cad72061dcd8101df14763f349. Retrieved 2011-01-11. 
17. ^ How does the National Domestic Extremism Unit approach peaceful protest? NDEU/NETCU, undated, accessed 10 January 2011
18. ^ Secret police unit set up to spy on British 'domestic extremists' by Jason Lewis, published Mail On-Line, 7 February 2009, accessed 16 February 2009
19. ^ "Anger over data use", Evening Times (Glasgow), 22 November 2002
20. ^ "Anarchists 'hijacking' GM food protest groups" by Nigel Rosser, Evening Standard, 11 August 1999
21. ^ Counter-terrorism unit to tackle campus extremism by Roya Nikkhah, Daily Telegraph, 24 October 2006, accessed 19 February 2009
22. ^ 'Undercover officer who spied on green activists quits Met', The Guardian, 10th January 2010
23. ^ Walker, Peter; Syal, Rajeev (17 January 2011). "Spy Mark Kennedy feels remorse and is in 'genuine fear for my life'". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2011/jan/16/spy-mark-kennedy-fear-for-life. Retrieved 2011-01-19. 
24. ^ Simon Jenkins (11 January, 2011). "The state's pedlars of fear must be brought to account". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/jan/11/police-reform-mark-stone-terrorism. Retrieved 2011-01-11. 
25. ^ ^{a b c} Caroline Graham (17 January 2011). "'I'm the victim of smears': Undercover policeman denies bedding a string of women during his eight years with eco-warriors". London: Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1347478/Mark-Kennedy-Undercover-policeman-tells-story-8-years-eco-warriors.html. Retrieved 2011-01-19. 
26. ^ "Police on 'tightrope' at protests". Press Association. 23 November 2010. http://www.pressassociation.com/component/pafeeds/2010/11/23/police_on_tightrope_at_protests. Retrieved 2011-01-25. 
27. ^ ^{a b c d e} Travis, Alan; Lewis, Paul; Wainwright, Martin (17 January 2011). "Clean-up of covert policing ordered after Mark Kennedy revelations". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/jan/18/covert-policing-cleanup-acpo. Retrieved 2011-01-19. 
28. ^ James Slack (18 January 2011). "Police chiefs body loses power to run undercover units in wake of eco-warrior spy scandal". London: Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1348380/Police-chief-body-loss-power-run-undercover-unit-Mark-Kennedy-scandal.html. Retrieved 2011-01-19. 
29. ^ "Police inspectors review undercover operations". BBC News. 18 January 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-12219223. Retrieved 2011-01-19.