Requiem shark

Requiem shark
Requiem sharks
Temporal range: Early Eocene–Recent[1]
Blacktip reef shark
(Carcharhinus melanopterus)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Chondrichthyes
Subclass: Elasmobranchii
Order: Carcharhiniformes
Family: Carcharhinidae
D. S. Jordan & Evermann, 1896

Requiem sharks are a family, Carcharhinidae, of sharks in the order Carcharhiniformes, containing migratory, live-bearing sharks of warm seas (sometimes of brackish or fresh water) such as the tiger shark, the blue shark, the bull shark, and the milk shark.

The name may be related to the French word for shark, "requin", itself of disputed etymology ("chien de mer" or latin "requiem" ("Rest"), which would thereby create a cyclic etymology Requiem-Requin-Requiem http://www.cnrtl.fr/lexicographie/requin http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Requiem).[2]

Family members have the usual carcharhiniform characteristics. The eyes are round, and the pectoral fins are completely behind the five gill slits. Most species are viviparous, the young being born fully developed. They vary widely in size, from as little as 69 centimetres (2.26 ft) adult length in the Australian sharpnose shark, up to 7.5 metres (25 ft) adult length in the tiger shark.[1]

Requiem sharks are responsible for a large proportion of attacks on humans; however, due to the difficulty in identifying individual species, there is a degree of inaccuracy in attack records.[3]

Classification

There are 52 species of requiem shark, grouped into 12 genera:[1]

Family Carcharhinidae

  • Subfamily Galeocerdinae
  • Subfamily Scoliodontinae
  • Subfamily Carcharhininae
    • Tribe Carcharhinini
      • Genus Carcharhinus Blainville, 1816
        • Carcharhinus acronotus (Poey, 1860) (Blacknose shark)
        • Carcharhinus albimarginatus (Rüppell, 1837) (Silvertip shark)
        • Carcharhinus altimus (S. Springer, 1950) (Bignose shark)
        • Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides (Whitley, 1934) (Graceful shark)
        • Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos (Bleeker, 1856) (Blacktail reef shark)
        • Carcharhinus amboinensis (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) (Pigeye shark)
        • Carcharhinus borneensis (Bleeker, 1858) (Borneo shark)
        • Carcharhinus brachyurus (Günther, 1870) (Copper shark)
        • Carcharhinus brevipinna (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) (Spinner shark)
        • Carcharhinus cautus (Whitley, 1945) (Nervous shark)
        • Carcharhinus dussumieri (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) (Whitecheek shark)
        • Carcharhinus falciformis (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) (Silky shark)
        • Carcharhinus fitzroyensis (Whitley, 1943) (Creek whaler)
        • Carcharhinus galapagensis (Snodgrass & Heller, 1905) (Galapagos shark)
        • Carcharhinus hemiodon (Valenciennes in J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) (Pondicherry shark)
        • Carcharhinus isodon (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) (Finetooth shark)
        • Carcharhinus leiodon Garrick, 1985 (Smooth tooth blacktip shark )
        • Carcharhinus leucas (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) (Bull shark)
        • Carcharhinus limbatus (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) (Blacktip shark)
        • Carcharhinus longimanus (Poey, 1861) (Oceanic whitetip shark)
        • Carcharhinus macloti (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) (Hardnose shark)
        • Carcharhinus macrops J. X. Liu, 1983
        • Carcharhinus melanopterus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (Blacktip reef shark)
        • Carcharhinus obscurus (Lesueur, 1818) (Dusky shark)
        • Carcharhinus perezii (Poey, 1876) (Caribbean reef shark)
        • Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo, 1827) (Sandbar shark)
        • Carcharhinus porosus (Ranzani, 1839) (Smalltail shark)
        • Carcharhinus sealei (Pietschmann, 1913) (Blackspot shark)
        • Carcharhinus signatus (Poey, 1868) (Night shark)
        • Carcharhinus sorrah (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) (Spot-tail shark)
        • Carcharhinus tilstoni (Whitley, 1950) (Australian blacktip shark)
      • Genus Glyphis Agassiz, 1843
        • Glyphis fowlerae Compagno, W. T. White & Cavanagh, 2010 (Borneo river shark)
        • Glyphis gangeticus (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) (Ganges shark)
        • Glyphis garricki Compagno, W. T. White & Last, 2008 (Northern river shark)
        • Glyphis glyphis (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) (Speartooth shark)
        • Glyphis siamensis (Steindachner, 1896) (Irrawaddy river shark)
      • Genus Lamiopsis Gill, 1862
      • Genus Nasolamia Compagno & Garrick, 1983
        • Nasolamia velox (Gilbert, 1898) (Whitenose shark)
      • Genus Negaprion Whitley, 1940
        • Negaprion acutidens (Rüppell, 1837) (Sicklefin lemon shark)
        • Negaprion brevirostris (Poey, 1868) (Lemon shark)
      • Genus Prionace Cantor, 1849
        • Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758) (Blue shark)
    • Tribe Rhizoprionodontini
      • Genus Rhizoprionodon Whitley, 1929
        • Rhizoprionodon acutus (Rüppell, 1837) (Milk shark)
        • Rhizoprionodon lalandii (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) (Brazilian sharpnose shark)
        • Rhizoprionodon longurio (D. S. Jordan & Gilbert, 1882) (Pacific sharpnose shark)
        • Rhizoprionodon oligolinx V. G. Springer, 1964 (Grey sharpnose shark)
        • Rhizoprionodon porosus (Poey, 1861) (Caribbean sharpnose shark)
        • Rhizoprionodon taylori (Ogilby, 1915) (Australian sharpnose shark)
        • Rhizoprionodon terraenovae (J. Richardson, 1836) (Atlantic sharpnose shark)
      • Genus Loxodon J. P. Müller & Henle, 1838
    • Tribe Isogomphodontini
    • Tribe Triaenodontini

References

  1. ^ a b c Compagno, L.J.V. Family Carcharhinidae - Requiem sharks in Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2010. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, version (05/2010).
  2. ^ "Requiem Shark" by Erik Tierney (accessed 28 November 2007).
  3. ^ ISAF Statistics on Attacking Species of Shark

External links


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • requiem shark — n. [Fr requiem, altered by folk etym. (? in allusion to the danger of its attack) < requien, requin, shark, swindler < ?] any of a large family (Carcharhinidae, order Carcharhiniformes) of voracious, chiefly tropical, sharks …   English World dictionary

  • requiem shark — mažasis juodapelekis ryklys statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: lot. Carcharhinus limbatus angl. black finned shark; blacktip shark; requiem shark; small blacktip shark; spot finned ground shark rus. малая… …   Žuvų pavadinimų žodynas

  • requiem shark — noun Etymology: obsolete French requiem shark, alteration of French requin Date: 1900 any of a family (Carcharhinidae) of sharks (as the tiger shark) that includes some dangerous to humans …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • requiem shark — Panamos baltasnukis ryklys statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: lot. Nasolamia velox angl. requiem shark; white nosed shark rus. панамская белоносая акула ryšiai: platesnis terminas – baltasnukiai rykliai …   Žuvų pavadinimų žodynas

  • requiem shark — /ˈreɪkwiəm ʃak/ (say rayweeuhm shahk) noun a large, ground shark of the family Carcharinidae, found mostly in tropical seas, as the tiger shark. {French requiem, obsolete variant of requin shark; influenced by requiem} …  

  • requiem shark — noun any of numerous sharks from small relatively harmless bottom dwellers to large dangerous oceanic and coastal species • Hypernyms: ↑shark • Hyponyms: ↑bull shark, ↑cub shark, ↑Carcharhinus leucas, ↑sandbar shark, ↑Carcharhinus plumbeus, ↑ …   Useful english dictionary

  • requiem shark — req′uiem shark n. ich any of numerous, chiefly tropical sharks of the family Carcharhinidae, including the tiger shark and soupfin shark • Etymology: 1895–1900; by folk etym. < F requin shark …   From formal English to slang

  • requiem shark — any of numerous, chiefly tropical sharks of the family Carcharhinidae, including the tiger shark and soupfin shark. [1895 1900; by folk etym. from F requin shark (orig. uncert.; perh. from same source as Pg requeima, requeime local name for… …   Universalium

  • requiem shark — noun Any member of the taxonomic family Carcharhinidae within the order Carcharhiniformes …   Wiktionary

  • Requiem (disambiguation) — Requiem is the title of several pieces of music typically associated with the Requiem Mass, including:* Requiem (Mozart), by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart * Messa da Requiem , by Giuseppe Verdi * Requiem (Fauré), by Gabriel Fauré * Requiem (Berlioz),… …   Wikipedia

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