Marinduque

For other meanings of "Marinduque", see Marinduque (disambiguation).

Marinduque
—  Province  —
Seal
Map of the Philippines with Marinduque highlighted
Coordinates: 13°24′05″N 121°58′01″E / 13.40139°N 121.96694°E / 13.40139; 121.96694Coordinates: 13°24′05″N 121°58′01″E / 13.40139°N 121.96694°E / 13.40139; 121.96694
Country	Philippines
Region	MIMAROPA (Region IV-B)
Founded	February 21, 1920
Capital	Boac
Government
– Governor	Carmencita Reyes (Liberal)
– Vice Governor	Antonio Uy Jr. (Liberal)
– Representative	Lord Allan Jay Velasco (Lakas-Kampi-CMD) Lone District
Area
– Total	952.6 km2 (367.8 sq mi)
Area rank	75th out of 80
Population (2007)
– Total	229,636
– Rank	68th out of 80
– Density	241.1/km2 (624.3/sq mi)
– Density rank	32nd out of 80
Divisions
– Independent cities	0
– Component cities	0
– Municipalities	6
– Barangays	218
– Districts	Lone district of Marinduque
Time zone	PHT (UTC+8)
ZIP Code
Spoken languages	Tagalog, English

Marinduque (Filipino: Marinduke pronounced [mɑrinˈduke]) is an island province of the Philippines located in the MIMAROPA region in Luzon. Its capital is Boac. Marinduque lies between Tayabas Bay to the north and Sibuyan Sea to the south. It is located south and west of Quezon, east of Mindoro, and north of Romblon.

History

Legend has it that the island of Marinduque was formed as a consequence of a tragic love affair between two people: Mariin and Gatduke. Mariin's father, a local chieftain, did not approve of this affair and ordered the beheading of Gatduke. Before this could be done, the couple sailed out to sea and drowned themselves, forming the island now called Marinduque.

During the Spanish and early American occupations, Marinduque was part of Balayan Province (now Batangas) in the 16th century, Mindoro in the 17th century, and had a brief period as an independent province in 1901, when the Americans arrived.

During the Philippine-American War, Marinduque was the first island to have American concentration camps.^[1] Marinduque is the site of the Battle of Pulang Lupa, where 250 Filipino soldiers under Colonel Maximo Abad, defeated a smaller force of 54 American Infantrymen.

In 1902, the US-Philippine Commission annexed the islands of Mindoro (now two separate provinces) and Lubang (now part of Occidental Mindoro) to the province.

Four months later, the province became part of the province of Tayabas (now Quezon).

On February 21, 1920, Act 2280 was passed by the Philippine Congress, reestablishing Marinduque as a separate province.

In 1942, the Japanese Imperial forces landed in Marinduque.

Battle of Marinduque
Part of World War II
Date 1945 Location Marinduque Result Allied Victory
Belligerents
Philippines Philippine Commonwealth Army Philippine Commonwealth Navy Recognized Guerrilla Units United States United States Army United States Navy	Japan Imperial Japanese Army
Casualties and losses
18,700 killed 27,600 wounded	37,000 killed 43,000 wounded 8,000 captured

In 1945, combined American and Philippine Commonwealth troops attacked from the Japanese Troops liberated to the Battle of Marinduque in the Second World War.

Archaeology

Archaeology in the Philippines began in Marinduque. Prior to 1900, only one important archaeological investigation had been carried out in the country: Alfred Marche’s exploration of Marinduque from April to July 1881. According to anthropologist Otley Beyer, while many other accidental finds have been recorded from time to time and a few burial caves and sites had been casually explored by European or local scientists, no systematic work had been done anywhere else prior to these explorations. After Marche, the next important archaeological work was undertaken by Dr. Carl Gunthe in the Central Visayan Islands in 1922.

"An abundant yield of Chinese urns, vases, gold ornaments, skulls and other ornaments of pre-Spanish origin,” was what the Marche finds represented. He brought back to France in 40 crates the Marinduque artifacts he uncovered. Part of it now said to be housed at the Musee de l’Homme in France. The finds also included a wooden image of the Marinduque anito called ‘Pastores’ by the natives.

One of these artifacts also found its way into the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.(Catalogue No. A127996-0, Department of Anthropology, NMNH, Smithsonian Institution.) These fragile jarlets traveled from China to the pre-colonial Philippines. Buried in a cave in Marinduque for centuries, they were excavated in the late 19th century, brought to Paris and eventually one ended up in a museum facility outside Washington, D.C. Part of Marinduque's history lies in the Marinduque Museum (Poblacion, Boac, Marinduque) in museums abroad and it will take sometime to analyze these artifacts to piece together our pre-colonial past.

Geography

Marinduque is a heart-shaped island between Tayabas Bay in the north and Sibuyan Sea to the south. It is separated from the Bondoc Peninsula in Quezon by the Mompong Pass. Some of the smaller islands to the northeast are Polo Island, Maniwaya Island, and Mompong Island. The highest peak in Marinduque is Mt. Malindig (formerly, Mt. Marlanga), a potentially active volcano with an elevation of 1157 meters.

The island has two major seasons—the dry season (November through February) and the rainy season (June through October), with a transitional period in between.^[2]

Demography

Marinduqueños are said to be very hospitable in nature and are very welcoming. One such custom reflecting this is putong or tubong, which is a custom of welcoming and honoring friends and visitors. The honoree (or honorees) are seated and crowned with flowers while local women dance and sing for them. Other well-wishers throw coins and flower petals for long life. Marinduqueños are of Tagalog origin and speak Tagalog.

Language

The version of Tagalog spoken in Marinduque has been described as "the root from which modern national forms of speech have sprung," where remnants of archaic Tagalog could be found, spoken in a lilting manner by its inhabitants. If this linguistic theory is accurate, Marinduque's Tagalog has contributed significantly to the development of the official Philippine national language.^[3]

To this day, Marinduqueños speak an old variation of the Tagalog language that is very close to the way Tagalog was spoken before the Spanish colonization. According to language experts, the Tagalog dialects of Marinduque are the most divergent, especially the Eastern Marinduque dialect, perhaps due to the relative isolation from the Tagalogs of Luzon and also perhaps due to the influence of the Visayan and Bikol migrants.^[4]

Linguist Rosa Soberano's 1980 The Dialects of Marinduque Tagalog goes into great depth concerning the dialects spoken there. The following is a verb chart which outlines the conjugation of the Eastern Marinduque dialect of Tagalog:

	Infinitive	Contemplative (future actions)	Progressive (past and present actions)	Completed (past actions)	Imperative
Actor Focus 1	-um- (gumawa) (future actions)	má- (mágawâ)	ná- (nágawâ)	-um- (gumawa)	0 (gawa)
Actor Focus 2	mag- (magbigay)	(ma)ga- ([ma]gabigay)	naga- (nagabigay)	nag- (nagbigay)	pag- (pagbigay)
Object Focus 1	-in (kainin)	a- (akainin)	ina- (inakain)	-in- (kinain)	-a (kaina)
Object Focus 2	i- (isulat)	a- (asulat)	ina- (inasulat)	i- -in- (isinulat)	-an (sulatan)
Object Focus 3	-an (tawagan) (future actions)	a-...-an (atawagan)	ina- ... -an (inatawagan)	-in- ... -an (tinawagan)	-i (tawagi)

Linguist Christopher Sundita observed that some of the affixes in Marinduque Tagalog, particularly "a-" and "ina-," are affixes used in Asi (Bantoanon), a Visaya language spoken in Romblon, just south of Marinduque. Marinduque Talagalo, like the Tagalog spoken over two centuries ago, had an additional verb category, the imperative, which is used for commands and requests (e.g., Matulog ka na - Go to sleep). Even then, the imperative and the infinitive were used side by side in expressing commands; but in standard Tagalog, apparently the infinitive became used exclusively. And in the Eastern Marinduque dialect, the imperative affixes are very much alive.^[5]

Culture

The Moriones festival also plays a prominent role in Marinduque's culture. Marinduque is famous for this annual Moriones Festival locally known as "Moryonan". During the month of March or April, parades and celebrations can be seen on the streets. In Santa Cruz, Gasan, Boac, and Mogpog, a parade of people dressed as "Moryons" can be seen on the main road connecting the towns of the island. Boac and Sta. Cruz, the biggest town in the province, shows a reenactment in the evening of the actual event when Longinus, a blind soldier, punctures Jesus with his spear and blood droplets from the wound restores Longinus' sight.

Marinduque Province is resided with various religious sects, Catholics make up the number. Several Aglipay, Mormons, Iglesia ni Cristo, and various Protestant- Born Again- bouds the island.

Schools/Educational Institution

Tertiary

• Educational Systems Technological Institute (ESTI) - Murallon, Boac, Marinduque
• Lighthouse Maritime Institute (LMI) - San Miguel, Boac, Marinduque
• Marinduque Midwest College (MMC) - Dili, Gasan, Marinduque
• Marinduque State College (MSC) - Main College Campus in Tanza, Boac, Marinduque
• Marinduque State College (MSC) - College of Fisheries in Pinggan, Gasan, Marinduque
• Sta. Cruz Institute (SCI) - Banahaw,Sta. Cruz, Marinduque
• Malindig Institute (MI) - Lapu-Lapu, Sta. Cruz, Marinduque
• Marinduque State College (MSC) - Marinduque Community College in Matalaba, Sta. Cruz, Marinduque
• Marinduque State College (MSC) - College of Agriculture in Poctoy, Torrijos, Marinduque
• St. Mary's College of Marinduque (SMCM) - Isok, Boac, Marinduque
• Marinduque Victorian College (MVC) - Buenavista, Marinduque
• Buyabod School of Arts and Trades (BSAT) - Buyabod, Sta. Cruz, Marinduque
• Torrijos Poblacion School of Arts and Trades (TPSAT)- Poblacion, Torrijos, Marinduque

Secondary

• Santa Cruz Institute (Marinduque) Inc. (Former Quezon Memorial High School) (Founded 1951) - Bonifacio St., Santa Cruz, Marinduque. The premier private school in Marinduque province that is a truly recognized center of learning in many fields of study and the premier private school offering quality education.
• Malindig Institute Foundation Inc.-(Private School) The Pioneer School in the field of Private Education in the province of Marinduque.

(Founded 1922) - Osmena St., Barangay Lapu-Lapu Sta. Cruz, Marinduque

• Marcopper High School, Tapian Sta. Cruz Marinduque
• Marinduque National High School, Boac, Marinduque
• Quezon-Roxas High School(private school)-Dulong Bayan, Mogpog, Marinduque
• Marinduque Academy - Poblacion, Mogpog, Marinduque
• Balanacan National High School - Balanacan, Mogpog, Marinduque
• Argao National High School - Argao, Mogpog, Marinduque
• Butansapa National High School - Butansapa, Mogpog, Marinduque
• Mogpog Comprehensive National High School - Ino, Mogpog, Marinduque
• Sayao National High School - Sayao, Mogpog, Marinduque
• Makapuyat National High School - (Public School) Since 1968 - Napo, Sta. Cruz, Marinduque
• Tambangan National High School-Since 1977- Tambagan Santa Cruz Marinduque
• Maranlig National High School (Public School) - Maranlig, Torrijos Marinduque
• Bonliw National High School - Bonliw, Torrijos, Marinduque
• Malibago National High School - Malibago, Torrijos, Marinduque
• Poctoy National High School - Poctoy, Torrijos, Marinduque
• Sibuyao National High School - Sibuyao, Torrijos, Marinduque
• Tigwi National High School - Tigwi, Torrijos, Marinduque
• Landy National High School (Public School) - Landy Santa Cruz Marinduque
• Ipil National High School - Ipil, Sta. Cruz, Marinduque
• Dolores National High School - Dolores, Sta. Cruz, Marinduque
• Kasily National High School - Kasily, Sta. Cruz, Marinduque
• Kilo Kilo National High School - Kilo Kilo, Sta. Cruz, Marinduque
• Botilao National High School - Botilao, Sta. Cruz, Marinduque
• Hupi National High School - Hupi, Sta. Cruz, Marinduque
• Tagum National High School - Tagum, Sta. Cruz, Marinduque
• Polo National High School - Polo, Sta. Cruz, Marinduque
• Maniwaya National High School - Maniwaya, Sta. Cruz, Marinduque
• Mompong National High School - Mompong, Sta. Cruz, Marinduque
• Matalaba National High School - Matalaba, Sta. Cruz, Marinduque
• Masaguisi National High School - Masaguisi, Sta. Cruz, Marinduque
• Puting Buhangin National High School - Puting Buhangin, Sta. Cruz, Marinduque
• Punong National High School - Punong, Sta. Cruz, Marinduque
• Marcopper Schools Incorporated (Private 1971) - Tapian, Santa Cruz, Marinduque
• St. Joseph Academy - Malabon (Napo), Sta. Cruz, Marinduque
• Matuyatuya National High School. (public School) - Matuyatuya Torrijos Marinduque
• Our Mother of Perpetual Succor Academy (OMPSA)(Catholic Private School) - Poblacion, Torrijos, Marinduque
• Educational Systems Technological Institute (High School Department) - Murallon, Boac, Marinduque
• Immaculate Conception College (High School Department) - Isok, Boac, Marinduque
• Ilaya National High School - Ilaya, Boac, Marinduque
• Cawit Comprehensive National High School - Cawit, Boac, Marinduque
• Lord of Lords Christian School (Private) - Cawit, Boac, Marinduque
• Bangbang National High School - Since 1968 - Bangbang, Gasan, Marinduque
• Bognuyan National High School - Bognuyan, Gasan, Marinduque
• Tapuyan National High School - Tapuyan, Gasan, Marinduque
• Tiguion National High School - Tiguion, Gasan, Marinduque
• Marinduque Christian Academy (High School Division)- Private - Dawis, Gasan, Marinduque
• Paciano A. Sena Memorial High School - Tabionan, Gasan, Marinduque
• Marinduque Midwest College (High School Division)- Dili, Gasan, Marinduque
• Buenavista National High School Main Campus - Poblacion, Buenavista, Marinduque
• Buenavista National High School Bagacay Annex - Bagacay, Buenavista, Marinduque
• Buenavista National High School Daykitin Annex - Daykitin, Buenavista, Marinduque
• Buenavista National High School Lipata Annex - Lipata, Buenavista, Marinduque
• Buenavista National High School Sihi Annex - Sihi, Buenavista, Marinduque
• Yook National High School - Yook, Buenavista, Marinduque
• Marinduque Victorian College (High School Division) - Poblacion, Buenavista, Marinduque

If you are looking for some other educational institutions, kindly proceed to designated counties/municipalities for the direct statements of the secondary and primary schools

Economy

Marinduque is an agricultural province, primarily growing rice and coconuts. It is also a place for handicrafts that is now being exported to dıfferent parts of the world. Fishing is also an important part of the economy. Mining was once an important player in the economy until a mining accident (the Marcopper Mining Disaster) occurred, bringing the industry to a standstill on the island and causing countless amounts of damage to the people and the island. The provincial government has just recently sued Marcopper's parent company, Placer Dome, for $100 million in damages. Placer Dome was purchased in 2006 by Barrick Gold, who has now been joined in the lawsuit.

Tourism also plays a major role in the economy especially during the lenten season. Whilst not a major source of economy for the island, it has shown great growth.

Transport

By Air

Currently, Marinduque is served with a direct daily flights to and from Manila with Zest Airways (Formerly Asian Spirit), the aircraft lands at the Marinduque Airport in barangay Masiga, roughly in between Gasan and Boac.

By Water

Montenegro Lines- bounding from Lucena City to Marinduque through Balanacan Port in Mogpog, Buyabod Port in Sta. Cruz, and Cawit Pier in Boac and Cawit to Dalahican, Balanacan to Dalahican and Buyabod to Dalahican (optional).

MV - Torrijos- bounding from Lucena City to Marinduque through Buyabod Port in Sta. Cruz, and Cawit Pier in Boac.

Sta. Cruz Shipping Services- bounding from Lucena City to Marinduque through Buyabod Port in Sta. Cruz, and Balanacan Port and Balanacan to Dalahican, Buyabod to Dalahican.

Star Horse Shipping Lines- bounding from Lucena City to Marinduque through Balanacan Port and Balanacan to Dalahican, Lucena.

Boac Ferries, Inc.- bounding from Lucena City to Marinduque through Cawit Pier and Cawit to Dalahican, Lucena.

JAC Liner Inc. also served a direct route from Manila to Marinduque through roll on-roll off along the way.

Political divisions

Marinduque is divided into 6 municipalities and 218 barangays

Municipalities

Boac Buenavista Gasan

Mogpog Santa Cruz Torrijos

References

1. ^ Birtle, p. 272
2. ^ Birtle, Andrew J. (April 1997). "The U.S. Army's Pacification of Marinduque, Philippine Islands, April 1900 – April 1901" (at JSTOR). The Journal of Military History (Society for Military History) 61 (2): 255–282. doi:10.2307/2953967. JSTOR 2953967. 
   Jessup, Philip Caryl (1938). Elihu Root. Dodd, Mead, & Co./Reprint Services Corp. ISBN 0-7812-4908-2. 
3. ^ http://www.travelblog.org/Asia/Philippines/Marinduque/blog-462972.html
4. ^ http://salitablog.blogspot.com/2007/03/tagalog-verbs.html
5. ^ http://salitablog.blogspot.com

External links

• Provincial Government of Marinduque official website
• Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay as of August 1, 2007