Unblack metal

Unblack metal
Unblack metal
Stylistic origins Black metal, Christian metal
Cultural origins Early 1990s, Scandinavia
Typical instruments Vocals - Electric guitar - Bass guitar - Drums - Keyboards
Mainstream popularity Low
Other topics
Christian metal
Guitar 1.svg Christian metal portal

Unblack metal (or Christian black metal) is a term used to describe musically black metal sounding artists whose lyrics and imagery promote Christianity.[1] Such artists are controversial, mainly because black metal's pioneers, especially those of the Second Wave, intended to encourage hostility towards Christianity. It is also suggested that Christianity contradicts black metal's dark nature and the individualistic and misanthropic ideals of many bands.[2]

The exact beginning of the Christian black metal movement is disputed. The Australian band Horde's 1994 album Hellig Usvart brought the concept and the term holy unblack metal (a word play on Darkthrone's slogan "unholy black metal"[3]) to media attention,[4] while the Norwegian band Antestor was already formed in 1990 as a death/doom act and released its demo The Defeat of Satan in 1991, before they began shifting towards black metal on their 1994 album Martyrium.

Contents

Characteristics

Unblack metal is viewed as an ideological group within black metal that depicts Christianity positively. There is no method to play black metal in a Christian way. Hence, unblack metal incorporates black metal's fast tempos, shrieked vocals, highly distorted guitars played with tremolo picking, double-kick drumming, and unconventional song structure. Garry Sharpe-Young's 2001 encyclopedia A-Z of Black Metal states that "Topping the lot are Christian 'Unblack' acts who for all intents and purposes look like, sound like and employ the imagery of Black Metal whilst hidden in the unpenetrable vocal growls and distortions are the proclamations of Jesus Christ."[5]

Some unblack metal artists write lyrics that explicitly attack Satanism; for example Horde.[6] This was a dominant theme during most of the 1990s. Beginning in the late 1990s, groups began to write philosophical and ideological lyrics. These often include stories of conversion, salvation, struggles with faith, and Bible quotes. Christian black metal bands may justify their playing of black metal with reasons ranging from genuine appreciation of black metal as a music style to evangelization among the black metal scene i.e. "bringing light into darkness".[6][7]

History

Background: Christian answer to black metal

The 1970s occult boom influenced many early heavy metal bands lyricwise. In the early 1980s, several bands dealt such themes in a more extreme manner, including Venom, Mercyful Fate and Bathory. During the mid-1980s, heavy metal music divided into many subgenres, and black metal was one of them, named after a Venom album of the same title. In 1980s, the term was broad musicwise, referring to all satanic metal bands.[8] Although "Christian metal bands" had existed since the late 1970s, a clear contrast with black metal occurred in 1984 with the doom metal band Trouble who released the Bible-based album Psalm 9. Metal Blade Records marketed them as "white metal" as opposed to black metal. Singer Eric Wagner has explained that "back in the early 1980s, all the metal was kind of satanic," and he has implied that Metal Blade (or the owner Brian Slagel) actually invented the term in the first place: "I think it was more like Metal Blade trying to be cute or something, with everything being called black metal, so why not call us white metal, which is a bunch of crap."[9] While there were Christian extreme metal bands in late 1980s and early 1990s, "Christian black metal" did not exist until 1994.

Early 1990s

The Australian band Horde's debut album Hellig Usvart, released through Nuclear Blast Records, is often credited for being the first Christian black metal album, although the sole member, Anonymous, has stated that "there were similar [unblack] bands prior to Horde, even in Norway," referring to Antestor who formed in 1990. While prior to 1993 they were a death/doom band called Crush Evil, Antestor's debut album Martyrium was also released in 1994. Euronymous of Mayhem planned to force Crush Evil to disband,[10] but was murdered by Varg Vikernes in 1993.

Hellig Usvart caused great controversy in the black metal scene, and death threats were sent to Nuclear Blast Records headquarters demanding them to release the members' names. The only actual member was the Australian former Mortification/Paramaecium drummer Jayson Sherlock.[11] The term "unblack metal" was derived from "holy unblack metal", which was a wordplay on Darkthrone's "unholy black metal" term.[3] Media became interested in this controversy. On 6 June 1995, the Norwegian weekly newspaper Morgenbladet published an article about the phenomenon of Christian black metal, describing Horde's album as "an abrupt satire of the Norwegian black metal movement". Antestor was also interviewed, with vocalist Kjetil Molnes stating "We identify ourselves as black metal as a music style, not black metal as an ideology or belief."[4][12]

The Swedish band Admonish was formed around 1994 or 1995, and was the first unblack metal band in Sweden.[13] They gained notoriety for calling their style "Christian black metal" on their website.[13] This caused some debate in the metal underground and soon an anti-Admonish website was started.[13] While the band did not release anything until 2005, the magazine Metal Hammer called Admonish "One of the leading Christian black metal bands" in a 1990s issue which focused on black metal.[13]

Late 1990s

After 1995, influenced by Horde, other Christian black metal bands started releasing their first demos. The Indonesian groups Kekal and Beliah soon became associated with the movement.[14] Eduardo Rivadavia of Allmusic wrote that "Kekal are one of the first heavy metal bands from Jakarta, Indonesia, to make international inroads, and they may just be the first to profess Christian beliefs while performing black metal."[15] However, Kekal has resisted being labeled as Christian, insisting that they as an institution they do not lean toward any religion or ideology.[16]

Antestor's 1998 release The Return of the Black Death proved highly influential for the Christian black metal movement. The album was released on the British Cacophonous Records, which has released records by such successful black metal groups as Cradle of Filth and Dimmu Borgir. According to Matt Morrow, it became the only Christian black metal album besides Horde's Hellig Usvart to be released on a secular label in the 1990s,[17] although Kekal released Beyond the Glimpse of Dreams on a secular label in the same year.[15] The established British magazines Kerrang! and Terrorizer both gave The Return of the Black Death 4 points out of 5.[18][19]

Vaakevandring's selftitled EP (recorded in 1998) was produced by Stian Aarstad, the keyboard player of Dimmu Borgir.[20][21] The release achieved worldwide attention and later became recognized a "classic" in the Christian black metal scene.[22] In 1998, the metalcore group Underoath was founded, and played hardcore and metalcore mixed with black and death metal.[23][24] The band subsequently moved away from this early black metal sound to a more mainstream post-hardcore style.[25]

2000s

The Norwegian group Drottnar live at Elements of Rock, Switzerland in 2008.

During the early 2000s, according to Screams of Abel magazine, there was an "international explosion of Christian black metal bands," and black metal "seemed to be the fastest growing genre in the Christian metal scene."[26] In 2000, Lengsel's debut album Solace was critically acclaimed,[27] Sanctifica released Spirit of Purity,[28] Crimson Moonlight released its debut album The Covenant Progress,[29] while Drottnar released its demos on an album titled Spiritual Battle, gaining them popularity among the Scandinavian underground.[30] In 2001, Norwegian folk metal band Arvinger formed and released its debut album Helgards Fall in 2003.[31]

Blood Covenant, an Armenian symphonic unblack metal band

Next to Scandinavia, Christian black metal has developed regional scenes in the USA, South America, and Central Europe. The Kansas City-based Frost Like Ashes is an acclaimed band in the USA.[32] Currently in the USA there is an unblack movement consisting of groups that focus on raw and non-polished sound production; including Light Shall Prevail, Flaskavsae, and several others.

The South American unblack scene is known for its radical anti-Satanic attitude.[33] Groups such as Exousia and Deborah (hailing from Mexico) have performed concerts in Europe.[34] Sorrowstorm was an acclaimed band from Panama, and they were nominated for the Panamarock hard music Grammys of 2003.[35] Poems of Shadows is an example of a typical South American unblack metal band that has taken the anti-Satanic concept of Horde and the radical imagery of black metal to the extreme, blurring the distinction between the styles.[36] The Brazilian group Cerimonial Sacred has achieved some attention also in the US and European scenes.[37]

In Poland, the notable groups include Abdijah, Fire Throne, and Elgibbor. The latter was featured on a short Polish-based documentary that focused on unblack metal.[38] The Netherlands has groups such as Dormant and Slechtvalk.[39] Although the latter does not currently consider themselves as a "Christian band,"[40] their early material was openly Christian. Holy Blood, a folk/unblack group from Ukraine, has earned minor success.[41]

Media attention

Frosthardr live at Immortal Metal Fest 2005, Finland. The group appeared on the Murder Music - Black Metal documentary, and has performed at the American Cornerstone Festival.

While black and unblack metal bands rarely achieve mainstream success in the music world, some bands, including Antestor and Crimson Moonlight, have played at Cornerstone Festival, one of the largest Christian musical festivals in the world.

In 2006 Admonish achieved wider notice when twins Emil (guitar) and Jonas Karlsson (bass) both appeared on the MTV Europe show Pimp My Ride International. On that show, in which their car was modified, the twins advertised their band and Admonish's music was played.[42][43] Horde also played its first live show ever in Nordic Fest, Oslo, Norway in November 2006. Sherlock wore a hood during the show and played both drums and sang vocals.

In 2007, the Norwegian band Frosthardr appeared on the documentary feature film Murder Music: A History of Black Metal (2007). They were interviewed for a minute and represented the Christian point of view in black metal music, with vocalist Daniel Ravn Fufjord saying "It is difficult to find musicians that are interested in this kind of music and share our point of view."[44]

A documentary specifically exploring Christian black metal titled Light in Darkness - Nemesis Divina was filmed in 2008, shown at music and film festivals the same year, and officially released on YouTube in May 2010. The documentary focuses on Christian black metal musicians' point of view and experiences as well as some academic analysis on the matter.[45]

Controversy

Certain critics, such as Jussi Lahtonen of the Finnish indie-rock magazine Sue, have argued that separating Christian from non-Christian black metal artists "feels rather pointless".[46] However, early groups such as Horde and Antestor refused to call their music "black metal" because they felt that the style was strongly associated with Satanism. Horde called its music "holy unblack metal," and Antestor preferred to call their music "sorrow metal" instead.[17] Stefan Rydehed, director of the Light in Darkness – Nemesis Divina documentary, says about the Christian black metal musicians based on his interviews:

“ The Christian black metal musicians see themselves as a part of the black metal community but they have a hard time to be accepted. Not only from other black metal musicians but also the society and ordinary Christians. ”

—Documentarist Stefan Rydehed on Christian black metal musicians in an interview.[47]

Many current Christian black metal bands feel that black metal has changed from an ideological movement to a purely musical genre, and that is why they also call their music black metal.[48] The Swedish group Crimson Moonlight's vocalist Simon Rosén, for example, says in an interview with WhiteMetal.it site that "First of all, we don't want to call our music unblack metal or white metal, we play black metal."[49] In an interview with Ultimate Metal, Rosén further explains this view:

“ We believe that all kinds of music are now neutral. I mean, a music genre cannot be “evil” itself. It all depends on the purpose: why you’re doing it and what the lyrics are about. I will use an illustration to explain: a knife in the hands of a murderer can kill life, but a knife in the hands of a doctor can save life. Now is the knife evil itself? No, it depends on how you use it. The power is in our hands to decide what we want to use music for. I know that many black metal fans react badly when we use the words “black metal” to describe our music, and we are sorry if we make people upset for that. But for us, black metal is a musical genre. Listen to Veil of Remembrance and tell me what kind of music it is. ”

—Simon Rosén, Crimson Moonlight in an interview with Ultimate Metal zine, 2005 [48])

On the other side, many in the black metal scene see "Christian black metal" as an oxymoron. On the British black metal documentary Murder Music: A History of Black Metal (2007), all interviewed musicians stated when asked about the matter that black metal cannot be Christian.[44] The term "Christian black metal" drew confused replies from the black metal musicians, for example Martin Walkyier of the English metal band Sabbat commented: "'Christian black metal?' What do they do? Do they build churches? Do they repair them? (laughs)"[44] Jonathan Selzer, editor of the British metal magazine Terrorizer discussed his experiences and thoughts in the documentary:

“ We had a debate in our letter pages that went on for six weeks. It was about whether or not you can play Christian black metal. It all started with a review [of a Christian black metal album], and the editor just didn't know what to make of it. Redemption is one the most antithetical themes to black metal there is. Black metal is about your humanity, not about giving your humanity over to a god. Maybe there are some aspects in Christianity, maybe some Old Testament 'hang 'em high' kind of wrath that might actually find parallel with black metal. ”

—30, Jonathan Selzer, editor of Terrorizer in Murder Music documentary.[44]

In a 2007 Beat the Blizzard webzine's article, the writer Jan Lindsø states that "Many metal fans are of the opinion that Christians should 'not be allowed' to use the black metal aesthetics musically since they do not inherit this evil and perhaps misantropic trait that many people say is necessary in order to be convincing as black metal musicians."[2] Kittil Kittilsen, who left Mayhem in 1988 after becoming a born-again Christian, expressed his concern for the Christian black metal musicians: "I think they’re completely off the mark. I cannot seriously understand how they even manage to do it. They have missed the target completely. I mean, if you want to be a Christian, be it with all you’ve got, and if you want to be metal, be it with all you’ve got. If those people really took their faith seriously, and followed the instructions of the One they profess to believe in, they would never be found in a context like that. They are on collision course with Christian life and teaching. I say this because of my own experience, and because of what is written in the Bible; rock music, metal music has nothing at all to do in a Christian setting!"[2] In an interview with Screams of Abel webzine, former Antestor member Morten Mageroy reacted with caution to the proliferation of unblack bands: "I really hope that people (who play christian black metal) know what they are doing. I know this sounds very rough, but I have seen people being pulled into something they do not know. I am not saying that I know that these musicians are going to mess their lives up, but I have seen it happen to some people and it frightens me very much."[26] Mageroy, however, defends the Christian black metal bands' intentions: "A lot of Christian bands have done amazing things being led by God. I know that God is using many types of communication, and it is important that Christians is [sic] present in every field, in every genre, privately and in work. God might just as well use heavy metal to bring salvation to people."[26]

Some of the original Norwegian black metal musicians believe that black metal does not need to hold any ideologies. For example, Jan Axel Blomberg of Mayhem has said in an interview with Metal Library: "In my opinion, black metal today is just music. I will tell you that neither I nor other [current] members of Mayhem never really were against religion or something else. We are primarily interested in music."[50] Although rejecting the idea of "Christian black metal", Satyricon's vocalist Sigurd Wongraven stated in the Murder Music documentary that black metal "doesn't necessarily have to be all satanic as long as it's dark."[44]

List of notable unblack metal bands

Band Country Formed Notes
Admonish Sweden 1994 [51]
Antestor Norway 1991 [52]
Drottnar Norway 1996 [53]
Extol Norway 1994 [54]
Frost Like Ashes USA 2001 [55]
Holy Blood Ukraine 1999 [56]
Horde Australia 1994 [57]
Kekal Indonesia 1995 [15]
Lengsel Norway 1995 [58]
Sanctifica Sweden 1996 [59]
Slechtvalk Netherlands 1997 [60]
Vaakevandring Norway 1999 [61]

References

Citations

Notes

  1. ^ Kapelovitz, Dan (February 2001). "Heavy Metal Jesus Freaks - Headbanging for Christ". Mean Magazine. http://www.kapelovitz.com/christianmetal.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-06. "And where secular Black Metal thrived, so did its Christian counterpart, Unblack Metal, with names like Satanicide, Neversatan, and Satan's Doom." 
  2. ^ a b c Kittil Kittilsen, Beat the Blizzard
  3. ^ a b Erasmus, Horde Interview retrieved 2007-10-23
  4. ^ a b "MusikkOpp-ned oppnedkors!" (in Norwegian). Morgenbladet. Oslonett. 1995-02-06. http://www.oslo.net/historie/MB/utg/9521/kultur/13.html. Retrieved 2007-12-19. 
  5. ^ Sharpe-Young 2001, "Introduction", p. iv
  6. ^ a b "So the album was created with a prophetic, free, submissive, obedient, reverent, anti-Satan and Christian mindset." – Horde: Interview with Son Of Man Records (retrieved 2007-11-30)
  7. ^ "Our songs deal with personal challenges as well as on spiritual struggles." -Pål Dæhlen Interview with CrossOver
  8. ^ Moynihan, Michael. Lords of Chaos: The Bloody Rise of the Satanic Metal Underground. Venice: Feral House, 2006. ISBN
  9. ^ Popoff, Martin. Forewords for the re-issue of Psalm 9 booklet. 2006. Escapi Music.
  10. ^ Eithun, Bård G. "Faust" (1990-1993, correct date unknown). "mayhem Interview". Orcustus zine. Blackmetal.nu. http://www.www.blackmetal.nu/~ubc/files/euroint.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-29. 
  11. ^ Waters, Scott, Horde, Retrieved 2007-10-23
  12. ^ EvilVasp. "Horde - Hellig Usvart". Necromancy. Open Publishing. Archived from the original on 2008-02-11. http://web.archive.org/web/20080211224403/http://www.geocities.com/vasp_1999/Horde.htm. Retrieved 2007-12-19. 
  13. ^ a b c d Morrow, Matt (2005-05-26). "Admonish Interview". The Whipping Post. Open Publishing. http://thewhippingpost.tripod.com/admonishinterview.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-09. 
  14. ^ TCU zine (2001), Kekal Interview, "We're most definitely a metal band. We don't really mind what people call us: black metal, unblack metal, white metal, black/white metal. As long as it's metal we're ok with it. Though we prefer to call our music extreme metal." (Jeff Arwadi)
  15. ^ a b c Rivadavia, Eduardo. "Kekal". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p892126. Retrieved 2007-12-06. 
  16. ^ Kekal (August 15, 2010). "Frequently Asked Questions (F.A.Q.) about Kekal". Facebook. http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=384843479762. Retrieved 2011-1-6. 
  17. ^ a b Morrow, Matt (2001). "Antestor - The Return of the Black Death". The Whipping Post. Open Publishing. http://thewhippingpost.tripod.com/antestorthereturnoftheblackdeath/. Retrieved 2007-08-29. 
  18. ^ "Antestor interview". Art for the Ears. Open Publishing. 1998-12-12. http://www.artfortheears.nl/NL/r/i/antestor.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-17. 
  19. ^ Morrow, Matt (2001). "Antestor - Det Tapte Liv Death". The Whipping Post. Open Publishing. http://thewhippingpost.tripod.com/antestordettapteliv.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-29. 
  20. ^ Sharpe-Young 2001, "Vaakevandring", p. 367. Quote="A self styled "Christian symphonic unblack metal band". Vaakevandring look and sound like a Black Metal band but lyrically are strongly evangelical. In a surprise move the band's debut demo was produced by Stioan [sic] Aarstad of Dimmu Borgir."
  21. ^ Vaakevandring, (German) CrossOver. Retrieved 2007-12-2
  22. ^ Morrow, Matt: Vaakevandring - demo 98/99 retrieved 2007-10-25
  23. ^ Powell, Mark (2002). Encyclopedia of Contemporary Christian Music. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers. pp. 976. ISBN 1-56563-679-1. 
  24. ^ Boland, Casey. "FILE UNDER: Maximum Metalcore: Act Of Depression from Underoath". Alternative Press. http://www.altpress.com/reviews/entry/actofdepression/. Retrieved 2011-5-19. 
  25. ^ Hartwig, Hartwig (20 June 2006). "Underoath Define the Great Line". Sputnikmusic. http://www.sputnikmusic.com/review/7755/Underoath-Define-the-Great-Line/. Retrieved 2011-05-19. 
  26. ^ a b c Powell, Phil (2003). "Antestor". Valsignalandet. http://valsignalandet.com/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/ppowell/interview.cgi?folder=Screams+Of+Abel&issueNumber=32&file=Antestor.txt. Retrieved 2008-10-12. 
  27. ^ "Lengsel". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p419950. Retrieved 2007-11-20. 
  28. ^ Sharpe-Young 2001, "Sanctifica", p. 315-316. Quote="A Christian Black Metal band?... Fronted by Hubertus Liljegren, brother of Christian Liljegren of noted Christian Hard Rock act Narnia"
  29. ^ Sharpe-Young 2001, "Crimson Moonlight", p. 91. Quote="Crimson Moonlight are one of the few acts to pursue black Metal music with the most ironic of twists--they are clearly stated Christians."
  30. ^ "Drottnar". Info-Black.com - The Ultimate Black Metal Informative Site. http://whenall.tripod.com/drottnar.htm. Retrieved 2007-11-20. 
  31. ^ Morrow, Matt Arvinger - Helgards Fall. retrieved 2007-10-25
  32. ^ "Frost Like Ashes Signs With Sullen Records - March 13, 2008". Blabbermouth.net. Open Publishing. 2008-03-13. http://www.roadrun.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=92877. Retrieved 2008-03-15. "The follow-up to the group's 2006 acclaimed album "Tophet" will be issued this May and will be available as a limited release, with only 250 units to be produced." 
  33. ^ Black Metal Primer Redux Heaven’s Metal #67 2-3/07
  34. ^ Deborah (MEX) at Finlands Underground Festival 2005; Exousia (MEX) at Finlands Underground Festival
  35. ^ Sorrowstorm Biography at PureVolume
  36. ^ Morrow, Matt. Poems of Shadows - Nocturnal Blasphemous Chanting. The Whipping Post. Retrieved on 2007-12-01.
  37. ^ Cerimonial Sacred - Our War Is Only Against Hell, The Whipping Post
  38. ^ Unblack metal - raj document ch.1. Youtube
  39. ^ Slectvalk. Lords of Metal interview; Slechtvalk, Klokradio.nl
  40. ^ Slechtvalk Metal Message
  41. ^ Morrow, Matt, (2006-01-18) Bombworks Records interview,"David: Without a question, Holy Blood has been our top seller. Waves Are Dancing has been the best seller, but The Wanderer has certainly been no slouch.", The Whipping Post, retrieved 2007-10-20.
  42. ^ Jansson, AnnaMaria.(2006-09-15) Rishögen blev lyxbil. Aftonbladet (Swedish). retrieved 2007-10-25.
  43. ^ Agency: Pimp My Ride på svenska (Swedish). retrieved 2007-10-25.
  44. ^ a b c d e Shash Media & Rockwrold TV, Murder Music – Black Metal document. Inverviews: Luscious Rene. Interviewees: Mantas (Venom), Dani Filth, Sabbat, Satyricon, Black Widow, Dimmu Borgir, Mayhem, and Immortal. Retrieved 2007-10-23 2007
  45. ^ Rydehed, Stefan. Nilsson, David.Light in Darkness - Nemesis Divina part 1. YouTube (authorised). 2010-05-25.
  46. ^ "White Metal" (in Finnish). Sue Rock Punk Metal Zine. 2005-10-25. http://www.suezine.fi/haastattelut?t=1&sid=87. Retrieved 2007-09-07. "Jotkut ovat vaivautuneet kikkailemaan semanttisesti nimeämällä tyylit uudestaan life metaliksi ja Anti-black metaliksi, mikä tuntuu melko turhalta. (Some [Christian metal fans] have bothered to come up with semantical gimmicks and rename the genres [death metal and black metal] as life metal and Anti-black metal, which feels rather pointless." 
  47. ^ Pentagrimes. Light in Darkness -- Nemesis Divina: An interview with Stefan Rydehed. Whose Are the Objections. 09-13-2008
  48. ^ a b Jordan, Jason (2005). "Crimson Moonlight - At Their Most Brutal". Ultimate Metal webzine. Ultimatemetal.com. http://www.ultimatemetal.com/forum/interviews/195667-crimson-moonlight-their-most-brutal.html. Retrieved 2005-05-15. 
  49. ^ Mei, Valerio. Crimson Moonlight. White Metal.
  50. ^ Skogtroll (2007-01-07). "Hellhammer (Jan Axel Blomberg):"I just have wonderful memories of your country!"" (in Russian (google-translated to English)). Metal Library. Open Publishing. http://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metallibrary.ru%2Farticles%2Finterviews%2F96.html&hl=fi&ie=UTF8&sl=ru&tl=en. Retrieved 2008-06-24. 
  51. ^ Sharpe-Young, Garry. "Admonish". MusicMight. http://www.musicmight.com/artist/sweden/stockholm/admonish. Retrieved 2009-08-25. 
  52. ^ Born, R. "Antestor". MusicMight. http://www.musicmight.com/artist/norway/oslo/antestor. Retrieved 2009-08-25. 
  53. ^ Sharpe-Young, Garry. "Drottnar". MusicMight. http://www.musicmight.com/artist/norway/fredrikstad/drottnar. Retrieved 2009-08-24. 
  54. ^ DaRonco, Mike. "Burial review". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/album/r383748. Retrieved 2009-08-25. 
  55. ^ Sharpe-Young, Garry. "Frost Like Ashes". MusicMight. http://www.musicmight.com/artist/usa/kansas+city/frost+like+ashes. Retrieved 2009-08-25. 
  56. ^ Sharpe-Young, Garry and Born, R. "Holy Blood". MusicMight. http://www.musicmight.com/artist/ukraine/kiev/holy+blood. Retrieved 2009-08-25. 
  57. ^ Sharpe-Young, Garry. "Horde". MusicMight. http://www.musicmight.com/artist/australia/melbourne/horde. Retrieved 2009-08-25. 
  58. ^ Sharpe-Young, Garry. "Lengsel". MusicMight. http://www.musicmight.com/artist/norway/lengsel. Retrieved 2009-08-24. 
  59. ^ Sharpe-Young, Garry. "Sanctifica". MusicMight. http://www.musicmight.com/artist/sweden/sanctifica. Retrieved 2009-08-24. 
  60. ^ Born, R. "Slechtvalk". MusicMight. http://www.musicmight.com/artist/netherlands/haag/slechtvalk. Retrieved 2010-01-05. 
  61. ^ Sharpe-Young, Garry. "Vaakevandring". MusicMight. http://www.musicmight.com/artist/norway/vaakevandring. Retrieved 2009-08-15. 

External links

v · d · eHeavy metal
Subgenres
Notable scenes
Culture
Heavy metal subculture · Fashion · Subgenres · Bands · Festivals · Umlaut · Headbanging · Sign of the horns

Portal Portal:Heavy metal
v · d · eExtreme metal
Genres
Sub-genres
Fusion genres
Notable scenes

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужен реферат?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Unblack metal — Orígenes musicales Metal Cristiano black metal Orígenes culturales Escandinavia años 1990 Instrumentos comunes Guitarra Bajo Batería …   Wikipedia Español

  • Unblack metal — Origines stylistiques Metal chrétien Black metal Origines culturelles Australie, Scandinavie au début des années 1990 Instrument(s) typique(s) Guitare, basse, batterie, claviers Popularité …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Unblack Metal — Christlicher Metal stilistische Originale: christlicher Rock Hard Rock Metal Entstehung: christl. Rock Szene, Jesus People 1960er White Metal und Unblack Metal 1980er 1990er Typische Instrumentierung …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Unblack Metal — El Unblack Metal es un subgénero del Black Metal con letras sobre Cristianismo …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Metal chrétien — Origines stylistiques Heavy metal, Musique chrétienne Origines culturelles  États Unis durant les années 1970 …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Metal Chrétien — Origines stylistiques Heavy metal, musique chrétienne Origines culturelles États Unis d Amérique; durant les années 1970 Instrument(s) ty …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Metal chretien — Metal chrétien Metal chrétien Origines stylistiques Heavy metal, musique chrétienne Origines culturelles États Unis d Amérique; durant les années 1970 Instrument(s) ty …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Metal — Entstehungsphase: Anfang 1970er Jahre Herkunftsort: Großbritannien Stilistische Vorläufer Hard Rock Pionierbands …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Unblack — Christlicher Metal stilistische Originale: christlicher Rock Hard Rock Metal Entstehung: christl. Rock Szene, Jesus People 1960er White Metal und Unblack Metal 1980er 1990er Typische Instrumentierung …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Metal cristiano — White Metal Orígenes musicales Heavy metal, Rock cristiano, Hard rock, Musica cristiana, Glam metal,Surmount darkness Orígenes culturales Mediados de los 80 en EE. UU. Instrumentos c …   Wikipedia Español

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
… Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”