Ganden Monastery

Ganden Monastery
Ganden Monastery
Tibetan name
Tibetan	དགའ་ལྡན་
Wylie transliteration	dga' ldan
pronunciation in IPA	[[kàntɛ̃]]
official transcription (PRC)	Gandain
THDL	Ganden
other transcriptions	Gaden, Gandän
Chinese name
traditional	甘丹寺
simplified	甘丹寺
Pinyin	Gāndān Sì
Ganden Monastery Location within Tibet
Coordinates:	29°45′28.8″N 91°28′30″E / 29.758°N 91.475°E / 29.758; 91.475
Monastery information
Location	Wangbur Mountain, Lhasa Prefecture, Tibet, China
Founded by	Je Tsongkhapa
Founded	1409
Type	Tibetan Buddhist
Sect	Gelug
Dedicated to	Je Tsongkhapa

Ganden Monastery (also Gaden or Gandain) or Ganden Namgyeling is one of the 'great three' Gelukpa university monasteries of Tibet, located at the top of Wangbur Mountain, Tagtse County, 36 kilometers ENE from the Potala Palace in Lhasa, at an altitude of 4,300m. (The other two 'great monasteries' are Sera Monastery and Drepung Monastery.)

Its full name is Ganden Namgyal Ling (dga' ldan rmam rgyal gling). Ganden means "joyful" and is the Tibetan name for Tuṣita, the heaven where the bodhisattva Maitreya is said to reside. Namgyal Ling means "victorious temple".

History

It was the original monastery of the Geluk order, founded by Je Tsongkhapa himself in 1409,^[1] and traditionally considered to be the seat of Geluk administrative and political power. The Ganden Tripa or 'throne-holder of Ganden' is the head of the Gelukpa school.

Tsongkhapa's preserved body was entombed there in a silver and gold encrusted tomb by his disciples in 1419.^[2]

Being the farthest from Lhasa of the three university monasteries, Ganden traditionally had a smaller population with some 6,000 monks in the early 20th century (although Waddell reports an estimate of about 3,300 in the 1890s and there were, apparently only 2,000 in 1959.^[3][4] At this time there are about 170 monks.

Ganden Monastery consisted of two principal original colleges, Jangtse and Shartse, meaning North Peak and East Peak respectively. The three main sights in the Ganden Monastery are the Serdung, which contains the tomb of Tsongkhapa, the Tsokchen Assembly Hall and the Ngam Cho Khang the chapel where Tsongkhapa traditionally taught. The monastery houses artifacts which belonged to Tsongkhapa.

It contained more than two dozen major chapels with large Buddha statues. The largest chapel was capable of seating 3,500 monks. Tenzin Gyatso, the present Dalai Lama (born 1935), took his final degree examination in Ganden in 1958 and he claims to feel a particularly close connection with Tsongkhapa.^[5]

Destruction in 1959 and 1966 and reconstruction efforts

Ganden Monastery was completely destroyed during the rebellion of 1959. In 1966 it was severely shelled by Red Guard artillery and monks then had to dismantle the remains.^[4] Most of Tsongkhapa's mummified body was burned but his skull and some ashes were saved from the fire by Bomi Rinpoche, the monk who had been forced to carry the body to the fire.^[6] Re-building has been continuing since the 1980s and the "red-painted lhakang in the centre is the reconstruction of Ganden's sanctum sanctorum containing Tsongkapa's reliquary chorten called the Tongwa Donden, 'Meaningful to Behold.'^[7]

Reestablishment in India

Monks debating at Ganden in Karnataka, India

The Ganden Monastery has been re-established in Karnataka, India by the Tibetan population in exile. The Ganden Monastery is located in the Tibetan settlement at Mundgod. This settlement of Tibetan refugees is the largest of its kind in India and was first established in 1966, from land donated by the Indian government.

In the Tibetan settlement near Mundgod are the Ganden and the Drepung Monastery. In 1999 there were in total about 13,000 residents. The Tibetan settlement consists of nine camps with two monasteries and one nunnery. They have established a credit bank for farms, an agricultural institute and a craft center. Modern technology and communication technology are being introduced. The curriculum of the Ganden Monastery remains similar to the teachings of the pre-1959 Ganden Monastery.

The Ganden Monastery Colleges Jangtse and Shartse have also been reestablished in India. They are named The Ganden Jangtse College and The Gaden Shartse Monastery. They are located in Karnataka.

In 2008, over 500 monks, who refused to adhere to the ban against the protective deity Dorje Shugden, enforced by the Dalai Lama's government in exile, were expelled from the Ganden Monastery in Mundgod, Karnataka, and founded in its immediate neighborhood the Shar Gaden Monastery, scheduled to be officially opened in 23–26 October 2009. As a result, the Dokhang Khangtsen, the biggest division of Gaden Shartse Monastery, where most of the departing monks came from, ceased to exist.^[8]

Footnotes

Monks at Ganden, Tibet.

1. ^ Dowman (1988), p. 103.
2. ^ Laird (2006), p. 126.
3. ^ Waddell (1895), p. 268.
4. ^ ^{a b} Dowman (1988), p. 99.
5. ^ Laird (2006), pp. 125-126.
6. ^ Laird, Thomas. (2006). The Story of Tibet: Conversations with the Dalai Lama, p. 126. Grove Press, New York. ISBN 978-0-8021-1827-1.
7. ^ Dowman (1988), pp. 99-100.
8. ^ http://dorjeshugden.com/wp/?p=70

References

• Dowman, Keith. (1988). The Power-places of Central Tibet: The Pilgrim's Guide. Routledge & Kegan Paul. London. ISBN 0-7102-1370-0.
• Laird, Thomas. (2006). The Story of Tibet: Conversations with the Dalai Lama. Grove Press, New York. ISBN 978-0-8021-1827-1.
• Waddell, L. Austine. (1895). Tibetan Buddhism: With Its Mystic Cults, Symbolism and Mythology. 1st edition, 1895, under the title of The Buddhism of Tibet, or Lamaism. Reprint: Dover Publications, New York. 1972. ISBN 0-486-20130-9.

External links

• A brief History of Ganden Monastery by Alexander Berzin
• Ganden monastery in Tibet, information from the Dhonden Foundation
• Gaden Monastery Ngari Khangtsen in Mundgod, India
• Gaden Shartse Tour Lama Camp #1 in Mundgod, India

Coordinates: 29°45′29″N 91°28′30″E / 29.758°N 91.475°E / 29.758; 91.475

• Gaden Shartse Lhopa Khangtsen One of the 11 Dormitories in Gaden Shartse in Mundgod, India.