Dekwaneh

Dekwaneh ضهر الحصين
—  City  —
Dekwaneh Location within Lebanon
Coordinates: 33°52′45″N 35°32′37″E / 33.87917°N 35.54361°E / 33.87917; 35.54361Coordinates: 33°52′45″N 35°32′37″E / 33.87917°N 35.54361°E / 33.87917; 35.54361
Country	Lebanon
Governorate	Mount Lebanon Governorate
District	Matn District
Government
- Time Zone	GMT +2 (UTC)
- - Summer (DST)	+3 (UTC)
- Area Code(s)	(+961) 1
- Zip Code
Time zone	EET (UTC+2)
- Summer (DST)	EEST (UTC+3)
Postal code
Dialing code	+961

Dekwaneh (Arabic: ضهر الحصين ‎ translit. Dikwene) (also Dekweneh) is a suburb north of Beirut in the Matn District of the Mount Lebanon Governorate, Lebanon. The population is predominantly Marionite Christian.^[1] It used to be the location of an UNRWA administered Palestinian Refugee camp housing approximately 50,000-60,000 refugees at called Tel al-Zaatar, site of the Tel al-Zaatar massacre.^[2]

Archaeology

Dekwaneh I is about 700 metres (2,300 ft) northwest of Mar Roucos monastery, in the gullies of (now deforested) pinewood slopes on the west side of a ridge. Material was found by Raoul Describes, who mentioned rock-shelters in the area that were destroyed by quarrying for quicklime.^[3] Further collections by Auguste Bergy and Peter Wescombe. Some of the flint tools recovered were determined to be Acheulean as well as a large amount of waste and bifaces from the Middle Paleolithic that suggested it was a factory site at that time.^[4]

Dekwaneh II material comes from various locations around the area, most notably the ravine below the monastery. Flint tools were also found here by Bergy and Describes which included the Qaraoun culture's Heavy Neolithic forms such as massive axes, picks, scrapers and rabots. Other early Neolithic tools were found along with some Middle Palelithic material including an Emireh point and tortoise cores. Along with material from Dekwaneh I, finds from the locations are stored in the Museum of Lebanese Prehistory.^[4]

References and footnotes

1. ^ Samir Khalaf (2002). Civil and uncivil violence in Lebanon: a history of the internationalization of communal conflict. Columbia University Press. pp. 222–. ISBN 978-0-231-12477-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=Mue9eoWJAPwC&pg=PA222. Retrieved 13 August 2011. 
2. ^ P. Edward Haley; Lewis W. Snider; M. Graeme Bannerman (1979). Lebanon in crisis: participants and issues. Syracuse University Press. pp. 26–. ISBN 978-0-8156-2210-9. http://books.google.com/books?id=mdrqhFpLkC8C&pg=PA26. Retrieved 13 August 2011. 
3. ^ Describes, Raoul., Quelques ateliers paléolithiques des environs de Beyrouth, Mélanges de l'Université Saint-Joseph: Volume VII, 1921.
4. ^ ^{a b} Lorraine Copeland; P. Wescombe (1965). Inventory of Stone-Age sites in Lebanon, p. 85. Imprimerie Catholique. http://books.google.com/books?id=6YsRRwAACAAJ. Retrieved 21 July 2011.