- Timeline of Treblinka
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This is a timeline of events at Treblinka extermination camp.[1][2][3][4][5] All deportations were from Poland, except where noted. Please note that in most cases the number of deportees are not exact figures, but rather approximations.
See also: Timeline of the Grossaktion WarsawDay-by-day
Day # Day of week Date Number of
DeporteesDeported from Cumulative total deportees Known deportees Major Events Tuesday July 7, 1942 Commandant Irmfried Eberl writes to Heinz Auerswald that Treblinka will be ready to start operations on July 11, 1942. 1 Wednesday July 22, 1942 6,500 Warsaw 6,500 First deportation from Warsaw Ghetto. 2 Thursday July 23, 1942 7,300 Warsaw 13,800 Leon Finkelstein Treblinka becomes fully operational. 3 Friday July 24, 1942 7,400 Warsaw 21,200 4 Saturday July 25, 1942 7,530 Warsaw 28,730 5 Sunday July 26, 1942 6,400 Warsaw 35,130 6 Monday July 27, 1942 6,320 Warsaw 41,450 7 Tuesday July 28, 1942 5,020 Warsaw 46,470 8 Wednesday July 29, 1942 5,480 Warsaw 51,950 9 Thursday July 30, 1942 6,430 Warsaw 58,380 10 Friday July 31, 1942 6,756 Warsaw 65,136 11 Saturday August 1, 1942 6,220 Warsaw 71,356 12 Sunday August 2, 1942 6,276 Warsaw 77,632 13 Monday August 3, 1942 6,458 Warsaw 84,090 14 Tuesday August 4, 1942 6,568 Warsaw 90,658 15 Wednesday August 5, 1942 6,623 Warsaw 97,281 Hillel Cajtlin 15 Wednesday August 5, 1942 30,000 Radom 127,281 16 Thursday August 6, 1942 10,085 Warsaw 137,366 Janusz Korczak and 200 orphans[6][7] Fahrplananordnung Nr. 548; Warsahau Bf – Treblinka. 15,000 Jews from Warsaw are deported in a single day as a result of the German food giveaway, creating backlog at the ramp. People line up at the Umschlagplatz in Warsaw for several days to be "deported" in order to obtain bread. Four transports in two days can not accommodate them all.[8] 17 Friday August 7, 1942 10,672 Warsaw 148,038 18 Saturday August 8, 1942 7,304 Warsaw 155,342 19 Sunday August 9, 1942 6,292 Warsaw 161,634 20 Monday August 10, 1942 2,158 Warsaw 163,792 21 Tuesday August 11, 1942 7,725 Warsaw 171,517 22 Wednesday August 12, 1942 4,688 Warsaw 176,205 Luba Lewin 23 Thursday August 13, 1942 4,313 Warsaw 180,518 24 Friday August 14, 1942 5,168 Warsaw 185,686 Hanna Katznelson 25 Saturday August 15, 1942 3,633 Warsaw 189,319 26 Sunday August 16, 1942 4,095 Warsaw 193,414 27 Monday August 17, 1942 4,160 Warsaw 197,574 28 Tuesday August 18, 1942 3,926 Warsaw 201,500 29 Wednesday August 19, 1942 4,000 Warsaw 205,500 29 Wednesday August 19, 1942 6,500 Falenica 212,000 29 Wednesday August 19, 1942 7,000 Otwock 219,000 29 Wednesday August 19, 1942 1,800 Rembertów 220,800 29 Wednesday August 19, 1942 3,000 Jadwisin 223,800 29 Wednesday August 19, 1942 3,000 Radzymin 226,800 29 Wednesday August 19, 1942 2,200 Wołomin 229,000 29 Wednesday August 19, 1942 700 Jadów 229,700 29 Wednesday August 19, 1942 5,500 Parczew 235,200 30 Thursday August 20, 1942 4,000 Warsaw 239,200 30 Thursday August 20, 1942 21,000 Kielce 260,200 31 Friday August 21, 1942 3,000 Warsaw 263,200 31 Friday August 21, 1942 6,120 Mińsk Mazowiecki 269,320 32 Saturday August 22, 1942 3,000 Warsaw 272,320 32 Saturday August 22, 1942 5,000 Siedlce 277,320 32 Saturday August 22, 1942 3,500 Łosice 280,820 32 Saturday August 22, 1942 3,800 Mordy 284,620 33 Sunday August 23, 1942 3,000 Warsaw 287,620 Jankiel Wiernik 34 Monday August 24, 1942 3,000 Warsaw 290,620 35 Tuesday August 25, 1942 3,002 Warsaw 293,622 Abraham Krzepicki 35 Tuesday August 25, 1942 11,000 Międzyrzec Podlaski 304,622 Abraham Goldfarb Fahrplananordnung Nr. 562; Międzyrzec – Treblinka 36 Wednesday August 26, 1942 3,000 Warsaw 307,622 Odilo Globocnik, Christian Wirth and Josef Oberhauser visit Treblinka. Irmfried Eberl is relieved of command. 37 Thursday August 27, 1942 2,454 Warsaw 310,076 53,750 Warsaw Jews have been deported in the past 15 days.[9] 38 Friday August 28, 1942 Unknown Łuków Fahrplananordnung Nr. 565; Łuków – Treblinka. Odilo Globocnik temporarily suspends deportations to Treblinka. The gas chambers have continually broken down and the burial pits are overflowing with bodies. The SS resorts to shooting incoming Jews in the arrival area of the camp and piling bodies throughout the camp. In August, Globocnik orders Franz Stangl, commandant of Sobibor, to replace Dr. Irmfried Eberl as commandant of Treblinka. Stangl restores order in the camp and supervises the building of new gas chambers, which are operational in early autumn 1942. Transports of Warsaw and Radom Jews begin to arrive again in September 1942.[10] 41 Monday August 31, 1942 Commandant Irmfried Eberl leaves Treblinka. 42 Tuesday September 1, 1942 Franz Stangl becomes Commandant of Treblinka. New, larger gas chambers have been installed to augment older chambers, and commence use. The new chambers are able to kill 12,000 to 15,000 victims every day,[11] with the maximum capacity of 22,000 executions in 24 hours.[12] 44 Thursday September 3, 1942 4,609 Warsaw 314,685 Boris Weinberg Warsaw deportations are restarted. New arrivals are processed the next morning.[13] 45 Friday September 4, 1942 1,669 Warsaw 316,354 Kalman and Tema Teigman[14] 47 Sunday September 6, 1942 3,634 Warsaw 319,988 48 Monday September 7, 1942 6,840 Warsaw 326,828 49 Tuesday September 8, 1942 13,596 Warsaw 340,424 50 Wednesday September 9, 1942 6,616 Warsaw 347,040 50 Wednesday September 9, 1942 Unknown Częstochowa Pinchas Epstein 51 Thursday September 10, 1942 5,199 Warsaw 352,239 52 Friday September 11, 1942 5,000 Warsaw 357,239 Jewish Argentinean prisoner Meir Berliner stabs SS-Oberscharführer Max Biala to death in a planned attack. Berliner is then executed by camp officers. 53 Saturday September 12, 1942 4,806 Warsaw 362,045 Abraham Krzepicki escapes. 56 Tuesday September 15, 1942 6,000 Kałuszyn 368,045 56 Tuesday September 15, 1942 1,000 Kołbiel 369,045 56 Tuesday September 15, 1942 1,000 Mrozy/Kuflew 370,045 56 Tuesday September 15, 1942 700 Siennica 370,745 56 Tuesday September 15, 1942 700 Stanisławów 371,445 56 Tuesday September 15, 1942 1,000 Gniewoszów 372,445 57 Wednesday September 16, 1942 6,000 Jędrzejów 378,445 57 Wednesday September 16, 1942 1,000 Sędziszów 379,445 Fahrplananordnung Nr. 587; Sędziszów – Treblinka 57 Wednesday September 16, 1942 1,500 Szczekociny 380,945 57 Wednesday September 16, 1942 5,000 Włoszczowa 385,945 57 Wednesday September 16, 1942 3,000 Wodzisław 388,945 62 Monday September 21, 1942 2,196 Warsaw 391,141 The last transport from the Polish capital. It includes Jewish police forced to help with deportations throughout Grossaktion Warsaw, and their families.[13] 62 Monday September 21, 1942 2,500 Skarżysko-Kamienna 393,641 62 Monday September 21, 1942 4,000 Suchedniów 397,641 62 Monday September 21, 1942 sums to 40,000 Częstochowa Fahrplananordnung Nr. 594; Częstochowa – Treblinka 63 Tuesday September 22, 1942 5,800 Sokołów Podlaski 403,441 Itka Wlos 63 Tuesday September 22, 1942 8,300 Węgrów 411,741 63 Tuesday September 22, 1942 1,100 Kosów Lacki 412,841 63 Tuesday September 22, 1942 1,100 Sterdyń 413,941 63 Tuesday September 22, 1942 2,000 Stoczek 415,941 64 Wednesday September 23, 1942 10,000 Szydłowiec 425,941 Fahrplananordnung Nr. 587 67 Saturday September 26, 1942 5,000 Siedlce 430,941 67 Saturday September 26, 1942 4,800 Biała Podlaska 435,741 68 Sunday September 27, 1942 1,240 Łaskarzew 436,981 Fahrplananordnung Nr. 587 68 Sunday September 27, 1942 13,000 Kozienice 449,981 Fahrplananordnung Nr. 587 70 Tuesday September 29, 1942 10,000 Zwoleń 459,981 72 Thursday October 1, 1942 2,000 Busko-Zdrój 461,981 72 Thursday October 1, 1942 8,000 Chmielnik 469,981 72 Thursday October 1, 1942 4,000 Nowy Korczyn 473,981 72 Thursday October 1, 1942 3,000 Pacanów 476,981 72 Thursday October 1, 1942 3,000 Pińczów 479,981 72 Thursday October 1, 1942 2,000 Radzyn 481,981 73 Friday October 2, 1942 3,440 Parysów 485,421 73 Friday October 2, 1942 3,680 Sobienie-Jeziory 489,101 73 Friday October 2, 1942 1,640 Sobolew 490,741 73 Friday October 2, 1942 10,000 Żelechów 500,741 75 Sunday October 4, 1942 sums to 40,000 Częstochowa 76 Monday October 5, 1942 7,000 Łuków 507,741 Oscar Strawczynski 76 Monday October 5, 1942 1,000 Terezín camp, Czechoslovakia 508,741 76 Monday October 5, 1942 sums to 40,000 Częstochowa 548,741 77 Tuesday October 6, 1942 800 Żarki 549,541 77 Tuesday October 6, 1942 Unknown Międzyrzec Podlaski 78 Wednesday October 7, 1942 1,600 Koniecpol 551,141 78 Wednesday October 7, 1942 2,000 Łagów 553,141 79 Thursday October 8, 1942 1,000 Terezín camp, Czechoslovakia 554,141 Richard Glazar, Karl Unger, Rudolf Masarek 81 Saturday October 10, 1942 14,000 Radomsko 568,141 Zygmunt Strawczynski 82 Sunday October 11, 1942 11,000 Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski 579,141 86 Thursday October 15, 1942 22,000 Piotrków Trybunalski 601,141 Old gas chambers cease operation.
Meanwhile, mass deportations from Bezirk Bialystok had just begun, and continue until February 19, 1943. In the next four months over 110,000 Jews from Bialystok General District (which includes Nazi counties of Bialystok Land, Bielsk, Grajewo, Grodno, Lomscha, Sokolka, and Wolkowysk) are deported to Treblinka and annihilated.[15]86 Thursday October 15, 1942 1,500 Gozdowice, German Reich 602,641 86 Thursday October 15, 1942 500 Kamieńsk 603,141 86 Thursday October 15, 1942 2,000 Przygłów 605,141 86 Thursday October 15, 1942 1,500 Sulejów 606,641 86 Thursday October 15, 1942 4,500 Starachowice 611,141 86 Thursday October 15, 1942 4,000 Chotcza Nowa 615,141 86 Thursday October 15, 1942 600 Ciepielów 615,741 86 Thursday October 15, 1942 2,000 Iłża 617,741 86 Thursday October 15, 1942 3,000 Lipsko 620,741 86 Thursday October 15, 1942 2,000 Sienno 622,741 86 Thursday October 15, 1942 7,000 Tarłów 629,741 86 Thursday October 15, 1942 4,000 Wierzbnik, German Reich 633,741 86 Thursday October 15, 1942 1,600 Iwaniska 635,341 86 Thursday October 15, 1942 3,300 Ciechanowice, German Reich 638,641 86 Thursday October 15, 1942 2,000 Terezín camp, Czechoslovakia 640,641 90 Monday October 19, 1942 2,000 Terezín camp, Czechoslovakia 642,641 91 Tuesday October 20, 1942 6,500 Opatów 649,141 Samuel Willenberg 92 Wednesday October 21, 1942 Aron Gelbard escapes. 93 Thursday October 22, 1942 15,000 Tomaszów Mazowiecki 664,141 93 Thursday October 22, 1942 4,000 Biała Rawska 668,141 93 Thursday October 22, 1942 2,000 Orszewice 670,141 93 Thursday October 22, 1942 3,000 Koluszki 673,141 93 Thursday October 22, 1942 3,000 Nowe Miasto nad Pilicą 676,141 93 Thursday October 22, 1942 3,000 Opoczno 679,141 93 Thursday October 22, 1942 4,000 Przysucha 683,141 93 Thursday October 22, 1942 2,000 Terezín camp, Czechoslovakia 685,141 96 Sunday October 25, 1942 500 Osiek 685,641 102 Saturday October 31, 1942 4,000 Rawa Mazowiecka 689,641 102 Saturday October 31, 1942 2,000 Żarnów 691,641 102 Saturday October 31, 1942 800 Ujazd, German Reich 692,441 102 Saturday October 31, 1942 900 Ćmielów 693,341 102 Saturday October 31, 1942 500 Kunów 693,841 102 Saturday October 31, 1942 1,600 Koprzywnica 695,441 102 Saturday October 31, 1942 4,500 Ożarów 699,941 104 Monday November 2, 1942 4,330 Siemiatycze 704,271 105 Tuesday November 3, 1942 9,000 Końskie 713,271 105 Tuesday November 3, 1942 1,000 Gowarczów 714,271 105 Tuesday November 3, 1942 4,000 Radoszyce 718,271 107 Thursday November 5, 1942 5,000 Stopnica 723,271 109 Saturday November 7, 1942 6,000 Staszów 729,271 109 Saturday November 7, 1942 3,000 Łuków 732,271 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 1,300 Goniądz 733,571 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 1,200 Trzcianne 734,771 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 2,000 Augustów 736,771 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 2,500 Grajewo 739,271 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 600 Rajgród 739,871 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 1,500 Szczuczyn 741,371 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 500 Druskininkai, Lithuania 741,871 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 2,000 Jeziory 743,871 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 1,500 Lunna 745,371 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 2,000 Ostrynka 747,371 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 1,000 Porzecze 748,371 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 3,000 Skidal 751,371 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 2,000 Sapotskin, Belarus 753,371 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 1,000 Dąbrowa Białostocka 754,371 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 2,500 Indura 756,871 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 950 Janów 757,821 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 5,000 Krynki 762,821 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 1,000 Kuźnica 763,821 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 1,000 Korycin 764,821 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 500 Odelsk 765,321 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 350 Sidra 765,671 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 8,000 Sokółka 773,671 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 5,100 Suchowola 778,771 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 1,500 Grodno, Belarus 780,271 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 850 Jalowka 781,121 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 600 Lyskow 781,721 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 350 Mosty 782,071 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 1,000 Porozow 783,071 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 1,000 Ros 784,071 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 3,000 Różana 787,071 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 3,000 Svislach, Belarus 790,071 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 7,000 Vawkavysk, Belarus 797,071 112 Tuesday November 10, 1942 1,500 Wolfa 798,571 117 Sunday November 15, 1942 1,000 Gniewoszów 799,571 132 Monday November 30, 1942 1,700 Siedlce 801,271 163 Thursday December 31, 1942 According to the Höfle Telegram, the cumulative total of deportees to this date was 713,555, and 10,335 had been deported during the two weeks previous to this date. 163 Thursday December 31, 1942 Escape from the Totenlager (extermination area) via a tunnel. Only Lazar Sharson successfully escapes. 169 Wednesday January 6, 1943 4,000 Radomsko 805,271 173 Sunday January 10, 1943 6,000 Sandomierz 811,271 176 Wednesday January 13, 1943 1,500 Radom 812,771 176 Wednesday January 13, 1943 5,000 Szydłowiec 817,771 181 Monday January 18, 1943 1,200 Warsaw 818,971 181 Monday January 18, 1943 1,600 Grodno, Belarus 820,571 First stage of Ghetto liquidation under Kriminalkommissar Heinz Errelis who personally shoots at least 100. Over the course of 5 days, dubbed by the Jews "Operation 10,000" results in a total of some 10,000 Jews sent mostly to Auschwitz through Kiełbasin transit camp.[16] 182 Tuesday January 19, 1943 1,200 Warsaw 821,771 183 Wednesday January 20, 1943 1,200 Warsaw 822,971 184 Thursday January 21, 1943 1,200 Warsaw 824,171 185 Friday January 22, 1943 1,200 Warsaw 825,371 188 Monday January 25, 1943 2,120 Jasionówka 827,491 203 Tuesday February 9, 1943 10,000 Białystok 837,491 Fahrplananordnung Nr. 552; Bialystok – Treblinka 208 Sunday February 14, 1943 4,400 Grodno, Belarus 841,891 Fahrplananordnung Nr. 552; Grodno – Treblinka. Final liquidation of the Ghetto, dubbed "Operation 5,000." Victims are sent in three trains agreed on January 15, 1943 by Berlin. An additional train, Pj 165, leaves Grodno for Treblinka on February 16.[17] 244 Thursday March 11, 1943 Bulgarian military and police authorities transfer 11,343 Jews in Bulgarian-occupied Thrace, Macedonia, and (Serbian) Pirot to German custody pursuant to a February agreement between the SS and representatives of the Bulgarian government. German SS and police officials deport these Jews to Treblinka, where almost all are gassed or shot upon arrival.[10] 244 Monday March 22, 1943 2,338 Skopje, Bulgaria 844,229 247 Thursday March 25, 1943 2,402 Skopje, Bulgaria 846,631 248 Friday March 26, 1943 Fahrplananordnung Nr. 567; Transport from the Reich 250 Sunday March 28, 1943 Telegramm; Transports from Bulgaria and Greece to Treblinka 251 Monday March 29, 1943 2,404 Skopje, Bulgaria 849,035 272 Monday April 19, 1943 7,000 Warsaw 856,035 Result of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. 377 Monday August 2, 1943 Treblinka revolt. Prisoners used for forced labor — fearing that the SS will soon kill them — stage a revolt. Prisoners seize weapons from the camp armory, but SS guards in the camp discover the plot before it can be completely implemented. Hundreds of prisoners nevertheless storm the main gate in an attempt to escape. SS and police guards kill many with machine-gun fire. More than 300 prisoners escape, but the SS and police personnel eventually recapture and kill two-thirds of them. Camp deportations and gassing operations halt.[10] 393 Wednesday August 18, 1943 Białystok Result of the Białystok Ghetto Uprising.[10] Fahrplananordnung Nr. 290; Bialystok – Treblinka. 394 Thursday August 19, 1943 7,600 Białystok 863,635+ 7,600 over the two days. Last Jewish transport to Treblinka. All of the deportees on the transport are killed upon arrival.[10] "Action" summary
Nation Total Poland 818,891+ Belarus 19,500 Germany 9,600 Terezín camp, Czechoslovakia 8,000 Bulgaria 7,144 Lithuania 500 References
- ^ H.E.A.R.T. - Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team
- ^ Arad, Yitzhak. Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka. Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis, 1987.
- ^ Gutman, Israel. The Jews of Warsaw 1939–43. The Harvester Press, Brighton, 1982.
- ^ Biuletyn Glownej Komisji Badania Zbrodni Hitlerowskich W Polsce – Wydawnictwo Prawnicze, 1960.
- ^ Donat, Alexander. The Death Camp Treblinka. Holocaust Library, New York, 1979.
- ^ Friedländer, Saul. The Years of Extermination: Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1939-1945 (2007). Page 430.
- ^ Lewin, Abraham. A Cup of Tears: A Diary of the Warsaw Ghetto, ed. Antony Polonsky (Oxford, 1988), p. 148.
- ^ The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising by Marek Edelman
- ^ Jewish Virtual Library, Chronology of Jewish Persecution: 1942 West Bloomfield, MI. Source: Holocaust Memorial Center
- ^ a b c d e Treblinka: Chronology
- ^ Treblinka Death Camp, with photographs, Ounsdale, PDF (2.2 MB)
- ^ David E. Sumler, A history of Europe in the twentieth century. Dorsey Press, ISBN 0256014213.
- ^ a b Arad, Yitzhak. Ibidem. Page 97.
- ^ BBC History of World War II. Auschwitz; Inside the Nazi State. Part 3, Factories of Death.
- ^ Yitzhak Arad (1999). Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps. Indiana University Press. p. 134. ISBN 0253213053. http://books.google.ca/books?id=QpAgHYTPRz0C&pg=PA134&dq=%22The+deportations+from+Bialystok+General+District+to+Treblinka%22&hl=en&ei=cS0TTu_8F5C2tweB6_XWDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22The%20deportations%20from%20Bialystok%20General%20District%20to%20Treblinka%22&f=false. Retrieved July 5, 2011.
- ^ The People vs. Kurt Wiese and Heinz Errelis Accused of Murder. Verdict and Judgment. Cologne District Court, Federal Republic of Germany, June 27, 1968. See: "Operation 10,000" in chapter "Deportation of Jews from Grodno."
- ^ Excerpts from the Bielefelf Trial. Final Verdict. Cologne District Court, Federal Republic of Germany, 1968. See: "Operation 5,000" in chapter "The Final Liquidation and Removal, February 1943."
Other death camps: Auschwitz-Birkenau · Bełżec · Chełmno · Jasenovac · Majdanek · Maly Trostenets · SobiborCamp organizers Odilo Lotario Globocnik • Hermann Julius Höfle • Richard Wolfgang Thomalla • Erwin Hermann Lambert • Christian WirthCommandant Deputy commanders Heinrich Arthur Matthes • Karl Pötzinger • Theodor von EupenGas chamber executioners Fritz Schmidt • Gustav MünzbergerOther officers Max Biala • Paul Bredow • Herbert Floss • Erich Fritz Erhard Fuchs • Lorenz Hackenholt • Josef Hirtreiter • Otto Richard Horn • Kurt Küttner • Karl Emil Ludwig • Willy Mätzig • Willi Mentz • August Wilhelm Miete • Max Möller • Willi Post • Albert Franz Rum • Karl Schiffer • Otto Stadie • Ernst Stengelin • Franz SuchomelGuards Germans/Austrians:
Ukrainians: Ivan Demjanjuk • Feodor Fedorenko • Ivan Ivanovich Marchenko • Nikolay Yegorovich Shalayev • other Volksdeutsche and prisoners of war (90 to 120)
Latvians:Prominent victims Ernst Arndt • Yitzchok Breiter • Artur Gold • Ludwik Holcman • Janusz Korczak • Yechiel Lerer • Yitzchak Lowy • Simon Pullman • Natan Spigel • Lidia ZamenhofResistance and survivors Nazi occupation and organizations Planning, methods,
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