Charles Sumner School

Charles Sumner School
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Location:	1201 17th Street, NW Washington, D.C.
Coordinates:	38°54′21″N 77°2′18″W / 38.90583°N 77.03833°W / 38.90583; -77.03833Coordinates: 38°54′21″N 77°2′18″W / 38.90583°N 77.03833°W / 38.90583; -77.03833
Area:	0.3 acres (0.12 ha)
Built:	1872
Architect:	Adolf Cluss Robert I. Fleming
Architectural style:	Romanesque Revival
Governing body:	District of Columbia Public Schools
NRHP Reference#:	79003150[1]
Added to NRHP:	December 20, 1979[2]

The Charles Sumner School, established in 1872, was one of the earliest schools for African Americans in Washington, D.C. Named for the prominent abolitionist and United States Senator Charles Sumner, the school became the first teachers college for black citizens in the city and the headquarters of its segregated school system for African American students. It currently houses a small museum, a research room, art exhibits, and the archives of the District of Columbia Public Schools.

Construction and naming

The Charles Sumner School was built on land that had previously been used as a school site by the Freedmen's Bureau,^[3] created after the Civil War to provide support for freed slaves.^[4] The school was named for Charles Sumner, a prominent abolitionist and United States Senator from Massachusetts who fought, among other things, for the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia and for the right of black citizens to use streetcars in that city.^[3] The building was designed by prominent Washington architect Adolf Cluss, a task for which he would receive a design award at the 1873 Vienna Exposition.^[5] The school opened in 1872.^[3]

Use as a school

Charles Sumner School, circa 1890

An Act of Congress in 1862 had required the creation of schools for black children in Washington, D.C. However, it was not until 1873 that the responsibility for administration of the schools was removed from federal agencies and placed in local hands. At that point, separate superintendents were appointed to administer the education of white and black children in the city.^[6] Charles Sumner School was one of the first schools in this new school system, housing elementary school classes as well as the high school that eventually became Dunbar High School, graduating its first high school students in 1877. That same year, the school was renamed the Myrtilla Miner Normal School and became the District's first teacher's college for African Americans.^[7] In addition to its role as a school, the building served as headquarters of the Superintendent and Board of Trustees of the separate school system for black students.^[5]

Use as a museum

By the 1980s, the building had fallen into disrepair. Led by Richard Hurlbut, citizens of the District raised the $5 million necessary to renovate the building, a project that lasted two years from 1984 to 1986. The newly renovated building, renamed the Charles Sumner School Museum and Archives, was used to house a museum which Hurlbut himself was curator of.^[3] In addition to a museum, the building houses the District of Columbia Public School Archives and associated reading rooms and meeting space.^[5] It is also used for exhibit space by local artists and organizations.^[7] The building was added to the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites in 1978, and to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.^[2]

See also

• List of museums in Washington, D.C.
• National Register of Historic Places listings in the District of Columbia
• Normal School for Colored Girls

References

1. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2009-05-13. http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natreg/docs/All_Data.html. 
2. ^ ^{a b} "District of Columbia – Inventory of Historic Sites". District of Columbia: Office of Planning. Government of the District of Columbia. September 1, 2004. http://www.planning.dc.gov/planning/frames.asp?doc=/planning/lib/planning/preservation/hp_inventory/inventory_narrative_sep_2004.pdf. Retrieved September 1, 2009. 
3. ^ ^{a b c d} "Charles Sumner School". Washington, DC, A National Register of Historic Place Travel Itinerary. National Park Service. http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/wash/dc58.htm. Retrieved May 26, 2009. 
4. ^ "Brief Overview". The Valley of the Shadow: Two Communities in the American Civil War. University of Virginia. http://valley.vcdh.virginia.edu/HIUS403/freedmen/overview.html. Retrieved May 26, 2009. ^{[dead link]}
5. ^ ^{a b c} "Charles Sumner School Museum and Archives". Cultural Tourism DC. http://www.culturaltourismdc.org/dch_tourism2556/dch_tourism.htm?doc_id=43426&area=2533. Retrieved May 26, 2009. ^{[dead link]}
6. ^ Hurlbut, Richard. "The District of Columbia Public Schools, A Brief History". About DCPS. District of Columbia Public Schools. http://www.k12.dc.us/about/history.htm. Retrieved May 26, 2009. 
7. ^ ^{a b} "Sumner School". Encyclopedia of African-American Education. Greenwood Publishing Group. 1996. pp. 449.