Yttrium(III) oxide

Yttrium(III) oxide
IUPAC name Yttrium(III) oxide.
Other names Yttria, diyttrium trioxide, yttrium sesquioxide
Identifiers
CAS number	1314-36-9 Y
RTECS number	ZG3850000
Properties
Molecular formula	Y2O3
Molar mass	225.81 g/mol
Appearance	White solid.
Density	5.010 g/cm³, solid
Melting point	2425 °C
Boiling point	4300 °C
Solubility in water	insoluble
Solubility in alcohol acid	soluble
Structure
Crystal structure	Cubic (bixbyite), cI80[1]
Space group	Ia-3, No. 206
Coordination geometry	Octahedral
Hazards
MSDS	External MSDS
EU classification	None listed.
R-phrases	Not hazardous
S-phrases	S24/25
Related compounds
Other cations	Scandium(III) oxide, Lanthanum(III) oxide
Related compounds	Yttrium barium copper oxide
Supplementary data page
Structure and properties	n, εr, etc.
Thermodynamic data	Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
Y oxide (verify) (what is: Y/N?) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Yttrium oxide is Y₂O₃. It is an air-stable, white solid substance. Yttrium oxide is used as a common starting material for both materials science as well as inorganic compounds.

Uses

Materials science

It is the most important yttrium compound and is widely used to make YVO₄ europium and Y₂O₃ europium phosphors that give the red color in color TV picture tubes. Yttrium oxide is also used to make yttrium iron garnets, which are very effective microwave filters.

Y₂O₃ is used to make the high temperature superconductor YBa₂Cu₃O₇, known as "1-2-3" to indicate the ratio of the metal constituents:

2 Y₂O₃ + 8 BaO + 12 CuO + O₂ → 4 YBa₂Cu₃O₇

This synthesis is typically conducted at 800 °C.

The thermal conductivity of yttrium oxide is 27 W/(m·K).^[2]

Inorganic synthesis

Yttrium oxide is an important starting point for inorganic compounds. For organometallic chemistry it is converted to YCl₃ in a reaction with concentrated hydrochloric acid and ammonium chloride.

Lasers

Y₂O₃ ceramics is a prospective solid-state laser material. In particular, lasers with ytterbium as dopant allow the efficient operation both in cw operation ^[3] and in pulsed regimes.^[4] At high concentration of excitations (of order of 1%) and poor cooling, the quenching of emission at laser frequency and avalanche broadband emission takes place.^[5]

References

1. ^ Yong-Nian Xu; Zhong-quan Gu; W. Y. Ching (1997). "Electronic, structural, and optical properties of crystalline yttria". Phys. Rev. B56 (23): 14993–15000. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.56.14993. 
2. ^ P. H. Klein and W. J. Croft (1967). "Thermal conductivity , Diffusivity, and Expansion of Y₂O₃, Y₃Al₅O₁₂, and LaF₃ in the Range 77-300 K". J. Appl. Phys. 38 (4): 1603. doi:10.1063/1.1709730. 
3. ^ J. Kong; D.Y.Tang, B. Zhao, J.Lu, K.Ueda, H.Yagi and T.Yanagitani (2005). "9.2-W diode-pumped Yb:Y₂O₃ ceramic laser". Applied Physics Letters 86 (16): 161116. Bibcode 2005ApPhL..86p1116K. doi:10.1063/1.1914958. 
4. ^ M.Tokurakawa; K.Takaichi, A.Shirakawa, K.Ueda, H.Yagi, T.Yanagitani, and A.A. Kaminskii (2007). "Diode-pumped 188 fs mode-locked Yb³⁺:Y₂O₃ ceramic laser". Appl.Phys.Lett. 90 (7): 071101. Bibcode 2007ApPhL..90g1101T. doi:10.1063/1.2476385. 
5. ^ J.-F.Bisson; D.Kouznetsov, K.Ueda, S.T.Fredrich-Thornton, K.Petermann, G.Huber (2007). "Switching of emissivity and photoconductivity in highly doped Yb³⁺:Y₂O₃ and Lu₂O₃ ceramics". Appl.Phys.Lett. 90 (20): 201901. doi:10.1063/1.2739318. 

External links

• Yttrium oxide information at Webelements (link broken 2011-04-26).
• External MSDS Data Sheet.