Miami Masters

Sony Ericsson Open
Location	Key Biscayne, Miami, Florida  United States
Venue	Tennis Center at Crandon Park
Surface	Hard (Laykold) / Outdoors
Official website
ATP World Tour
Category	Masters 1000
Draw	96S / 48Q / 32D
Prize Money	US$3,645,000
WTA Tour
Category	Premier Mandatory
Draw	96S / 48Q / 32D
Prize Money	US$4,500,000

The Miami Masters (currently sponsored by Sony Ericsson) is an annual tennis tournament for men and women held in Key Biscayne, Miami, Florida. It is an ATP World Tour Masters 1000 event on the men's tour and a Premier Mandatory event on the women's tour and is played on hard courts at the Tennis Center at Crandon Park. The tournament is currently held in March each year.

The Miami Masters, which has had multiple sponsorships, was initially known as the Lipton International Players Championships and was a premier event of the Grand Prix Tennis Tour from 1985 until 1990 part of the Grand Prix Championship Series. In 2000, there was a change of title sponsor and the event was renamed the Ericsson Open. In 2002, the event became known as the NASDAQ-100 Open. In 2007, the tournament was renamed the Sony Ericsson Open in a deal where the company will pay US$20 million over the next four years.

In 2010, a record 300,000 visitors attended matches at the 12-day Sony Ericsson Open making it one of the largest tennis tournaments outside the four Majors.^[1] In 2011, 316,267 visitors attended the Open.^[2]

History

Stadium Court, the main venue at the Sony Ericsson Open with the Downtown Miami skyline in the background

A 2009 game between Rafael Nadal and Juan Martín del Potro at Stadium Court

The tournament was founded by former player Butch Buchholz. His original aim was to make the event the first major tournament of the year (the Australian Open was held in December at that time), and he dubbed it the "Winter Wimbledon". Buchholz approached the ATP and the WTA and offered to provide the prize-money and give them a percentage of the ticket sales and worldwide television rights in return for the right to run the tournament for 15 years. The two associations agreed.

The first tournament was held in February 1985 at Laver's International Tennis Resort at Delray Beach, Florida. Buchholz brought in Alan Mills, the tournament referee at Wimbledon, as the head referee; and Ted Tinling, a well-known tennis fashion designer since the 1920s, as the director of protocol. The prize money of US$1.8 million was surpassed only by Wimbledon and the US Open at the time. (The event's prize money has since grown to over US$9 million.)

In 1986, the tournament relocated to Boca Raton. After its successful second year there then-Dade County Manager and Women's Tennis Association (WTA) President Merrett Stierheim helped pave the way for a move to its permanent home in Key Biscayne in 1987.^[3] In keeping with the ambitions of its founder, the tournament is one of the premiere events in tennis.^[4]

Event characteristics

Besides the four Grand Slam championships, the Sony Ericsson Open is one of the few events on the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) and WTA tours where the main singles draw (for both the men and the women) involves more than 64 players and where main draw play extends beyond one week. 96 men and 96 women compete in the singles competition, and 32 teams compete in each of the doubles competitions. The event lasts 12 days.

In 2006, the tournament became the first event in the United States to use instant replay to allow players to challenge close line calls. Players were allowed two challenges per set, with an additional challenge allowed for tiebreaks. The first challenge was made by Jamea Jackson against Ashley Harkleroad in the first round.

Past results

Men's singles

• The men's final has been abandoned three times since the tournament's inception.
  • In 1989, Thomas Muster was hit by a drunk driver the night before the final, which put him in a wheelchair for months. He was able to win the championship eight years later.
  • In 1996, Goran Ivanišević retired from the match early with a stiff neck.
  • In 2004, Guillermo Coria retired during the first game of the fourth set due to back pain and an inability to move properly. The problem later turned out to be kidney stones.

Year	Champion	Runner-up	Score	Name
1985	Tim Mayotte	Scott Davis	4–6, 4–6, 6–3, 6–2, 6–4	Lipton International Players Championships
1986	Ivan Lendl	Mats Wilander	3–6, 6–1, 7–6(7–5), 6–4
1987	Miloslav Mečíř	Ivan Lendl	7–5, 6–2, 7–5
1988	Mats Wilander	Jimmy Connors	6–4, 4–6, 6–4, 6–4
1989	Ivan Lendl	Thomas Muster	W/O
↓  ATP Masters 1000 tournament  ↓
1990	Andre Agassi	Stefan Edberg	6–1, 6–4, 0–6, 6–2
1991	Jim Courier	David Wheaton	4–6, 6–3, 6–4
1992	Michael Chang	Alberto Mancini	7–5, 7–5
1993	Pete Sampras	MaliVai Washington	6–3, 6–2	Lipton Championships
1994	Pete Sampras	Andre Agassi	5–7, 6–3, 6–3
1995	Andre Agassi	Pete Sampras	3–6, 6–2, 7–6(7–3)
1996	Andre Agassi	Goran Ivanišević	3–0, retired
1997	Thomas Muster	Sergi Bruguera	7–6(8–6), 6–3, 6–1
1998	Marcelo Ríos	Andre Agassi	7–5, 6–3, 6–4
1999	Richard Krajicek	Sébastien Grosjean	4–6, 6–1, 6–2, 7–5
2000	Pete Sampras	Gustavo Kuerten	6–1, 6–7(2–7), 7–6(7–5), 7–6(10–8)	Ericsson Open
2001	Andre Agassi	Jan-Michael Gambill	7–6(7–4), 6–1, 6–0
2002	Andre Agassi	Roger Federer	6–3, 6–3, 3–6, 6–4	NASDAQ-100 Open
2003	Andre Agassi	Carlos Moyà	6–3, 6–3
2004	Andy Roddick	Guillermo Coria	6–7, 6–3, 6–1, retired
2005	Roger Federer	Rafael Nadal	2–6, 6–7(4–7), 7–6(7–5), 6–3, 6–1
2006	Roger Federer	Ivan Ljubičić	7–6(7–5), 7–6(7–4), 7–6(8–6)
2007	Novak Djokovic	Guillermo Cañas	6–3, 6–2, 6–4	Sony Ericsson Open
2008	Nikolay Davydenko	Rafael Nadal	6–4, 6–2
2009	Andy Murray	Novak Djokovic	6–2, 7–5
2010	Andy Roddick	Tomáš Berdych	7–5, 6–4
2011	Novak Djokovic	Rafael Nadal	4–6, 6–3, 7–6(7–4)

Women's singles

Year	Champion	Runner-up	Score	Name
1985	Martina Navratilova	Chris Evert	6–2, 6–4	Lipton International Players Championships
1986	Chris Evert	Steffi Graf	6–4, 6–2
1987	Steffi Graf	Chris Evert	6–1, 6–2
↓  Tier I tournament  ↓
1988	Steffi Graf	Chris Evert	6–4, 6–4
1989	Gabriela Sabatini	Chris Evert	6–1, 4–6, 6–2
1990	Monica Seles	Judith Wiesner	6–1, 6–2
1991	Monica Seles	Gabriela Sabatini	6–3, 7–5
1992	Arantxa Sánchez	Gabriela Sabatini	6–1, 6–4
1993	Arantxa Sánchez	Steffi Graf	6–4, 3–6, 6–3	Lipton Championships
1994	Steffi Graf	Natasha Zvereva	4–6, 6–1, 6–2
1995	Steffi Graf	Kimiko Date	6–1, 6–4
1996	Steffi Graf	Chanda Rubin	6–1, 6–3
1997	Martina Hingis	Monica Seles	6–2, 6–1
1998	Venus Williams	Anna Kournikova	2–6, 6–4, 6–1
1999	Venus Williams	Serena Williams	6–1, 4–6, 6–4
2000	Martina Hingis	Lindsay Davenport	6–3, 6–2	Ericsson Open
2001	Venus Williams	Jennifer Capriati	4–6, 6–1, 7–6(7–4)
2002	Serena Williams	Jennifer Capriati	7–5, 7–6(7–4)	NASDAQ-100 Open
2003	Serena Williams	Jennifer Capriati	4–6, 6–4, 6–1
2004	Serena Williams	Elena Dementieva	6–1, 6–1
2005	Kim Clijsters	Maria Sharapova	6–3, 7–5
2006	Svetlana Kuznetsova	Maria Sharapova	6–4, 6–3
2007	Serena Williams	Justine Henin	0–6, 7–5, 6–3	Sony Ericsson Open
2008	Serena Williams	Jelena Janković	6–1, 5–7, 6–3
↓  Premier Mandatory tournament  ↓
2009	Victoria Azarenka	Serena Williams	6–3, 6–1
2010	Kim Clijsters	Venus Williams	6–2, 6–1
2011	Victoria Azarenka	Maria Sharapova	6–1, 6–4

Men's doubles

Year	Champion	Runner-up	Score
1985	Paul Annacone Christo van Rensburg	Sherwood Stewart Kim Warwick	7–5, 7–5, 6–4
1986	Brad Gilbert Vince Van Patten	Stefan Edberg Anders Järryd	W/O
1987	Paul Annacone Christo van Rensburg	Ken Flach Robert Seguso	6–2, 6–4, 6–4
1988	John Fitzgerald Anders Järryd	Ken Flach Robert Seguso	7–6, 6–1, 7–5
1989	Jakob Hlasek Anders Järryd	Jim Grabb Patrick McEnroe	6–3, retired
1990	Rick Leach Jim Pugh	Boris Becker Cassio Motta	6–3, 6–4
1991	Wayne Ferreira Piet Norval	Ken Flach Robert Seguso	5–7, 7–6, 6–2
1992	Ken Flach Todd Witsken	Kent Kinnear Sven Salumaa	6–4, 6–3
1993	Richard Krajicek Jan Siemerink	Patrick McEnroe Jonathan Stark	6–7, 6–4, 7–6
1994	Jacco Eltingh Paul Haarhuis	Mark Knowles Jared Palmer	7–6, 7–6
1995	Todd Woodbridge Mark Woodforde	Jim Grabb Patrick McEnroe	6–3, 7–6
1996	Todd Woodbridge Mark Woodforde	Ellis Ferreira Patrick Galbraith	6–1, 6–3
1997	Todd Woodbridge Mark Woodforde	Mark Knowles Daniel Nestor	7–6, 7–6
1998	Ellis Ferreira Rick Leach	Alex O'Brien Jonathan Stark	6–2, 6–4
1999	Wayne Black Sandon Stolle	Boris Becker Jan-Michael Gambill	6–1, 6–1
2000	Todd Woodbridge Mark Woodforde	Martin Damm Dominik Hrbatý	6–3, 6–4
2001	Jiří Novák David Rikl	Jonas Björkman Todd Woodbridge	7–5, 7–6(7–3)
2002	Mark Knowles Daniel Nestor	Donald Johnson Jared Palmer	6–3, 3–6, 6–1
2003	Roger Federer Max Mirnyi	Leander Paes David Rikl	7–5, 6–3
2004	Wayne Black Kevin Ullyett	Jonas Björkman Todd Woodbridge	6–2, 7–6(14–12)
2005	Jonas Björkman Max Mirnyi	Wayne Black Kevin Ullyett	6–1, 6–2
2006	Jonas Björkman Max Mirnyi	Bob Bryan Mike Bryan	6–4, 6–4
2007	Bob Bryan Mike Bryan	Martin Damm Leander Paes	6–7(7–9), 6–3, [10–7]
2008	Bob Bryan Mike Bryan	Mahesh Bhupathi Mark Knowles	6–2, 6–2
2009	Max Mirnyi Andy Ram	Ashley Fisher Stephen Huss	6–7(4–7), 6–2, [10–7]
2010	Lukáš Dlouhý Leander Paes	Mahesh Bhupathi Max Mirnyi	6–2, 7–5
2011	Mahesh Bhupathi Leander Paes	Max Mirnyi Daniel Nestor	6–7(5-7), 6–2, [10–5]

Women's doubles

Year	Champion	Runner-up	Score
1985	Gigi Fernández Martina Navrátilová	Kathy Jordan Hana Mandlíková	7–6(7–4), 6–2
1986	Pam Shriver Helena Suková	Chris Evert Wendy Turnbull	6–2, 6–3
1987	Martina Navrátilová Pam Shriver	Claudia Kohde-Kilsch Helena Suková	6–3, 7–6(8–6)
1988	Steffi Graf Gabriela Sabatini	Gigi Fernández Zina Garrison	7–6(8–6), 6–3
1989	Jana Novotná Helena Suková	Gigi Fernández Lori McNeil	7–6(7–5), 6–4
1990	Jana Novotná Helena Suková	Betsy Nagelsen Robin White	6–4, 6–3
1991	Mary Joe Fernández Zina Garrison Jackson	Gigi Fernández Jana Novotná	7–5, 6–2
1992	Arantxa Sánchez Larisa Savchenko Neiland	Jill Hetherington Kathy Rinaldi	7–5, 5–7, 6–3
1993	Jana Novotná Larisa Savchenko Neiland	Jill Hetherington Kathy Rinaldi	6–2, 7–5
1994	Gigi Fernández Natasha Zvereva	Patty Fendick Meredith McGrath	6–3, 6–1
1995	Jana Novotná Arantxa Sánchez	Gigi Fernández Natasha Zvereva	7–5, 2–6, 6–3
1996	Jana Novotná Arantxa Sánchez	Meredith McGrath Larisa Savchenko Neiland	6–4, 6–4
1997	Arantxa Sánchez Natasha Zvereva	Sabine Appelmans Miriam Oremans	6–4, 6–2
1998	Martina Hingis Jana Novotná	Arantxa Sánchez Natasha Zvereva	6–2, 3–6, 6–3
1999	Martina Hingis Jana Novotná	Mary Joe Fernández Monica Seles	0–6, 6–4, 7–6(7–1)
2000	Julie Halard-Decugis Ai Sugiyama	Nicole Arendt Manon Bollegraf	4–6, 7–5, 6–4
2001	Arantxa Sánchez Nathalie Tauziat	Lisa Raymond Rennae Stubbs	6–0, 6–4
2002	Lisa Raymond Rennae Stubbs	Virginia Ruano Paola Suárez	7–6(7–4), 6–7(4–7), 6–3
2003	Liezel Huber Magdalena Maleeva	Shinobu Asagoe Nana Miyagi	6–4, 3–6, 7–5
2004	Nadia Petrova Meghann Shaughnessy	Svetlana Kuznetsova Elena Likhovtseva	6–2, 6–3
2005	Svetlana Kuznetsova Alicia Molik	Lisa Raymond Rennae Stubbs	7–5, 6–7(5–7), 6–2
2006	Lisa Raymond Samantha Stosur	Liezel Huber Martina Navrátilová	6–4, 7–5
2007	Lisa Raymond Samantha Stosur	Cara Black Liezel Huber	6–4, 3–6, [10–2]
2008	Katarina Srebotnik Ai Sugiyama	Cara Black Liezel Huber	7–5, 4–6, [10–3]
2009	Svetlana Kuznetsova Amélie Mauresmo	Květa Peschke Lisa Raymond	4–6, 6–3, [10–3]
2010	Gisela Dulko Flavia Pennetta	Nadia Petrova Samantha Stosur	6–3, 4–6, [10–7]
2011	Daniela Hantuchová Agnieszka Radwańska	Liezel Huber Nadia Petrova	7–6(7–5), 2–6, [10–8]

Mixed doubles

A mixed doubles competition was also held at the inaugural tournament in 1985, and was won by Heinz Günthardt & Martina Navrátilová.

Records and Stats

• Most wins men: Andre Agassi (6).
• Most wins women: Steffi Graf and Serena Williams (5).
• Most finals men: Andre Agassi (8).
• Most finals women: Steffi Graf and Serena Williams (7).

	Player	Record	Year
Most Singles Titles
Men's Singles	Andre Agassi (USA)	6	1990, 1995, 1996, 2001, 2002, 2003
Women's Singles	Steffi Graf (GER)  Serena Williams (USA)	5	1987, 1988, 1994, 1995, 1996 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008
Most Consecutive Titles
Men's Singles	Andre Agassi (USA)	3	2001, 2002, 2003
Women's Singles	Steffi Graf (GER)  Serena Williams (USA)	3	1994, 1995, 1996 2002, 2003, 2004
Most Consecutive Matches Won
Men's Singles	Andre Agassi (USA)	20	2001, 2002, 2003, 2004
Women's Singles	Steffi Graf (GER)  Venus Williams (USA)	22	1994, 1995, 1996, 1999 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002
Most Times Seeded No. 1 at the Tournament
Men's Singles	Ivan Lendl (USA)  Roger Federer (SUI)	5	1985, 1986, 1987, 1989, 1990 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
Women's Singles	Steffi Graf (GER)  Martina Hingis (SUI)	5	1988, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1996 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001
Unseeded Players Who Advanced to the Finals
Men's Singles	Sébastien Grosjean (FRA)  David Wheaton (USA)  Tim Mayotte (USA) (winner)  Scott Davis (USA)	-	1999 1991 1985 1985
Women's Singles	Kim Clijsters (BEL) (winner)	-	2005
Youngest & Oldest Winners
Youngest Men's Singles	Novak Djokovic (SRB)	19 years, 316 days old	2007
Youngest Women's Singles	Monica Seles (YUG)	16 years, 111 days old	1990
Oldest Men's Singles	Andre Agassi (USA)	32 years, 335 days old	2003
Oldest Women's Singles	Chris Evert (USA)	31 years, 44 days old	1986
Most Finals Reached
Men's Singles	Andre Agassi (USA)	8	1990, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003
Women's Singles	Steffi Graf (GER)  Serena Williams (USA)	7	1986, 1987, 1998, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996 1999, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009
Most Doubles Titles - Teams
Men's Doubles	Woodbridge (AUS) /  Woodforde (AUS)	4	1995, 1996, 1997, 2000
Women's Doubles	Novotná (CZE) /  Suková (CZE)  Novotná (CZE) /  Sánchez (ESP)  Novotná (CZE) /  Hingis (SUI)  Raymond (AUS) /  Stosur (AUS)	2	1989, 1990 1995, 1996 1998, 1999 2006, 2007
Most Doubles Titles - Individual
Men's Doubles	Todd Woodbridge (AUS)  Mark Woodforde (AUS)  Max Mirnyi (BLR)	4	1995, 1996, 1997, 2000 1995, 1996, 1997, 2000 2003, 2005, 2006, 2009
Women's Doubles	Jana Novotná (CZE)	7	1989, 1990, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999

Sponsors

2010

• Sony Ericsson
• Miami-Dade County
• Arcor
• Bacardi
• Baptist Health
• Fila
• Head
• Heineken
• Itau Private Bank
• LAN
• Mercedes Benz
• Miami.com
• Penn
• Price Waterhouse Coopers
• Tipperary Crystal
• SAP

References

1. ^ http://www.miamiherald.com/2010/04/02/1561135/open-carrying-slam-appeal.html
2. ^ http://www.miamiherald.com/2011/04/05/2152048/sony-ericsson-a-hit-with-fan-and.html
3. ^ "Sony Ericsson Open". Prolebrity. http://www.prolebrity.com/sony-ericsson-open/. Retrieved 23 February 2011. 
4. ^ "Murray wins Miami Masters title". BBC Online. 2009-05-04. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/7983446.stm. 

External links

• Official tournament website
• Satellite view of the tournament venue (Google Maps)

Awards and achievements
Preceded by None San Diego	Favorite WTA Tier I - II Tournament 1995 2004	Succeeded by Indian Wells Moscow
Preceded by Indianapolis	ATP Tournament of the Year 1998-2000	Succeeded by None
Preceded by Monte-Carlo Monte-Carlo	ATP Masters Series Tournament of the Year 2002-2006 2008	Succeeded by Monte-Carlo Shanghai

Coordinates: 25°42′29″N 80°09′32″W / 25.70806°N 80.15889°W / 25.70806; -80.15889