Nichols Farms Historic District

Nichols Farms redirects to here

Nichols Farms Historic District
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. Historic district
Clark's Map of Nichol's Farms in 1867
Location:	Center Rd., 1681--1944 Huntington Turnpike, 5--34 Priscilla Pl., and 30--172 Shelton Rd., Trumbull, Connecticut
Coordinates:	41°14′33″N 73°9′53″W / 41.2425°N 73.16472°W / 41.2425; -73.16472Coordinates: 41°14′33″N 73°9′53″W / 41.2425°N 73.16472°W / 41.2425; -73.16472
Area:	104 acres (42 ha)
Architectural style:	Early Colonial, Georgian, Federal, Greek Revival, Victorian
Governing body:	Local
NRHP Reference#:	87001392[1]
Added to NRHP:	August 20, 1987

See also: History of Trumbull, Connecticut

See also: Nichols, Connecticut

Nichols Farms is a historic area within the town of Trumbull, Connecticut. The Nichols Farms Historic District, which encompasses part of the area, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Originally the area was entirely a part of the Stratford (settled in 1639) and was governed by Stratford for eighty six years before a separate village was organized.^[2] Hence, all of Nichols Farms early public records are intermingled with and identified as Stratford records. The area is located in the Nichols section of Trumbull, Connecticut in New England. The Nichols section, named for the family who maintained a farm in its center, was first organized as the village of Unity in 1725. The village of Unity (later called North Stratford) continued for seventy two years before the privileges of a town were granted in 1797.

NRHP listing and buildings

The Nichols Farms Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 20 1987, with reference number 87001392, and included 104 acres (0.42 km²), 81 contributing buildings, one contributing site and one contributing object. The buildings listed on the registry are located close to the green with addresses of Center Road, 1681-1944 Huntington Turnpike, 5-34 Priscilla Place and 30-172 Shelton Road. The 81 buildings are mostly private residences situated on two main roads in a village setting and represent all of the periods of Connecticut domestic architecture from the early 18th century to the present.

Land use and development

In 1661, the Stratford selectmen voted to allow all inhabitants the liberty of taking up a whole division of land anywhere they could find fit planting ground as long as it was not within two miles (3 km) of the town meeting house and they were prohibited from making it their dwelling place without consent. Elder Phillip Groves, Captain William Curtiss and Lt. Joseph Judson, early farmers in Nichols Farms, were named to a committee to lay out the land as they saw fit.^[3] The common land in Nichols Farms was divided to individuals beginning in 1670 as a part of the three-mile or woods division and continued up to 1800.^[4]

Joseph Plumb House ca. 1780

Agriculture

Mischa Hill, located in the geographic center of Nichols Farms, was first called Lt. Joseph Judson's Farm or Old Farm in the land records and was the first area within Trumbull to be farmed and settled. The first landowners were among the first settlers to arrive at Stratford namely; Richard Booth, Zachariah Bostick, Lt. Paul Brinsmaid, John Curtiss, Benjamin Curtiss, Joseph Curtiss, Captain William Curtiss, Ebenezer Curtiss, Zachariah Curtiss, Joseph Fairchild, Elder Philip Groves, Mr. Joseph Hawley (Captain), Samuel Hawley, Ephraim Hawley, Lt. Joseph Judson, Jeremiah Judson, Isaac Judson, Caleb Nichols, Abraham Nichols, Samuel Uffoot and Reverend Zachariah Walker.^[5]

Lt. Joseph Judson, Sgt. Jeremiah Judson and Joseph Curtiss established their farms on Mischa Hill before 1658, the year in which they were elected as freeman (Colonial) by the legislature of the Connecticut Colony. To be elected as a freeman at the time, an individual had to own real property in his own name.^[6][7]

Religious rift

In the 1660s, Lt. Joseph Judson disagreed with the majority in town as he and others tried to introduce the half way covenant. In 1672, Judson obtained permission from then Governor John Winthrop, Jr. to remove with other families and settle the new town of Woodbury and abandoned his farm in Nichols Farms.^[8] In 1688, others like Caleb Nichols removed to Woodbury and in the same year, John Curtiss gifted his farm on Mischa Hill to his son Benjamin and removed there as well.^[9] After Judson abandoned his farm it became commonly called Old Farm.

Abraham Nichols

It was previously thought that Abraham Nichols made the first permanent settlement within Trumbull around 1690 or 1700, depending on the source, and that others soon followed venturing into the wilderness to establish mills, churches, and schools. Abraham Nichols landholdings were said to total 1,000 acres (4.0 km²) with much of it remaining in the Nichols family for over two centuries. The last of the line was Florence Nichols who married George Woods in 1903. Soon after their deaths in 1973 and 1972 respectively, the property was deeded to the Nichols Methodist Church from whom the town of Trumbull purchased it in 1974. This tract was then known as the Woods Estate and is now the home of the Trumbull Historical Society. ^[10] Recent research has determined that Nichols holdings actually were around 285 acres (1.15 km²) of land of which 55 acres (0.22 km²) remains as open space today.

According to Walter Nicholls, who wrote the History of the Nichols family in 1909, Abraham did not accompany his father to Woodbury in 1673, but remained in Trumbull to oversee the plantation. However, since Abraham was only eleven at the time (born 1662), it is likely that he did remove to Woodbury with his family and returned to Trumbull between 1696 and 1700.^[11]

Walter Nicholls colorful description of the Nichols homestead;

About 1700 Abraham Nicholls erected for himself a homestead upon his lordly domain, and which, according to the description vouchsafed by persons now living, who chanced to view it while yet standing in the early part of the nineteenth century, was an immense gambrel-roofed structure of a rambling style of architecture, situated upon an eminence, affording an unobstructed vista of the surrounding landscape and at the southward, about four miles distant, the shimmering bosom of Long Island Sound. There it stood for decades, without a neighboring habitation within a circuit of several miles; while the sepulchral quietude of its surroundings was rarely broken, even by the echo of a sound adequate to dispel the day dreams, or waken the nocturnal slumbers of its peaceful inhabitants, save that of the casual lowing of kine, the appealing cadence of the whop-poor-will at nightfall, or the grewsome howling of wolves. . . .It is a subject of profound regret on the part of many of the descendents of Abraham Nicholls that neither his will nor the inventory of his estate can be found of record.

According to Stratford land records, Abraham Nichols purchased several old farms and large parcels of land in 1696. Nichols exchanged his land for 22 acres (0.089 km²) of Lt. Joseph Judsons old farm which had a barn on it, 54 acres (0.22 km²) or half the land owned by Jeremiah Judson, and 19 acres (0.077 km²) of land from Benjamin Curtiss.^[12] These transactions are described in the land records as being located at or near the Old farm, Judson's farm's or Lt. Joseph Judson farm. Furthermore, in 1699, Lt. Ebenezer Curtiss recorded 15 acres (0.061 km²) of land from the three-mile division that was bounded west with Lt. Joseph Judson's farm, now belonging to Abraham Nichols. This deed confirms that Nichols purchased Judson's old farm, established in 1658, and was not the first to settle the area.^[13]

In 1704, Nichols purchased Reverend Zachariah Walker's entire farm which was 36 acres (0.15 km²) in size. In 1708, Nichols bought 5 acres (0.020 km²) known as Mischa Hill Meadow from Joseph Fairchild and in 1715 he added 1 acre (0.0040 km²) from Captain John Hawley. These three large farms when combined with Nichols own division land and other parcels, totaled around 285 acres (1.15 km²) of land.^[14] Some of the old farms, about 54 acres (0.22 km²), remain as open space today.

Peet barn ca. 1700

Joel Curtis House ca. 1840

Farm Highway

Main article: Connecticut Route 108

The highway linking Nichols Farms to Stratford, three miles (5 km) to the south, was first called the Farm Highway, presently called Nichols Avenue or (Route 108), and was laid out or completed to the south side of Mischa Hill in December 1696. The highway was laid out to the south side of Mischa Hill and at Zachariah Curtiss, his land, and at Captain's Farm. Captain's farm was the first farm as you entered the village, at Hawley Lane, and was owned by Captain John Hawley at the time. This portion of Route 108 is considered to be the third oldest documented highway in Connecticut.

Merritt Parkway

The Merritt Parkway was built directly through the original Nichols Farms center in the late 1930s and displaced the old Nichols Store which was razed and the Trinity Church which was moved. The large 5' by 6' natural stepping stone was the only item saved from the Nichols Store and was relocated to the front of the Ephraim Hawley House.

Town Seal from 1940 Merritt Parkway Bridge at Huntington Turnpike now demolished

Circa 1932 Flag Pole NIA Green

Monument to World War Veterans

Nichols Green

The green in Nichols Farms, known as Nichols Green or N.I.A. Green, is owned and maintained by a private trust called the Nichols Improvement Association, established in 1889 to beautify and improve Nichols Farms.^[15]

• A memorial to those residents who fought in World Wars I and II is located on the south end of the green.

• An 80' tall pine flagpole brought through the Panama Canal from Washington was erected on the green in 1932. This pine pole replaced an earlier 115' chestnut flagpole erected on July 4, 1892 that carried a 25' by 15' flag and was believed by some to be the highest flag flown in the state at the time.

• Another well known landmark near the green is the Bunny Fountain. The fountain, was a gift from the Peet family to the citizens of Nichols in 1895. The fountain was moved from its original location at the intersection of Huntington Turnpike and Shelton Road to the intersection of Huntington Turnpike and Unity Road in 1931 after being damaged by a car. It was moved to its present location and restored in the spring of 1971 and underwent restoration again in 1992.

• An old grinding stone from the 1826 Fairchild (Paper) Mill is placed at the south end of the green. The mill was located at a place commonly called the Falls of the Pequonnock River beginning in 1674, at present it is the town boundary with Bridgeport called Fairchild Park.^[16]

• A piece of the original 1940 Merritt Parkway bridge that was built over Route 108 is on the green. The concrete ornament is a likeness of the town of Trumbull official seal. The bridge was demolished in 1979 when the interchange was updated.

N.I.A. Starkweather House and Peet Fountain view from green

Properties excluded

State officials excluded 78 buildings from the initial district that were located on Huntington Turnpike, Nichols Avenue and Shelton Road. These buildings were a part of the original district proposed by the Trumbull Historic District Study Committee for Nichols Farms in May 1976. The Ephraim Hawley House, Zachariah Curtiss House and barn (built before 1721), the summer home of American folklorist Will Geer and a home of helicopter inventor Igor Sikorsky were excluded. A subsequent Historic Building Survey, completed in 2010, has recommended these properties be added to increase the existing historic district.^[17]

Fairchild Mill Grindstone Circa 1826

References

^[18]

1. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2009-03-13. http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natreg/docs/All_Data.html. 
2. ^ The Public Records of the Colony of Connecticut volume 6 page 568
3. ^ A History of the Old Town of Stratford and the City of Bridgeport, Connecticut, Reverend Samuel Orcutt, 1886, Vol. 1 page 167 [1]
4. ^ A History of the Old Town of Stratford and the City of Bridgeport, Connecticut, Reverend Samuel Orcutt, Fairfield County Historical Society, 1886, Vol. II, page 1039 [2]
5. ^ Stratford Land Records Vol. 2 p. 82
6. ^ Orcutt, Vol. 2, p. 109
7. ^ Colonial Records of Connecticut, May 20, 1658, Vol. 1 p. 315
8. ^ History of Ancient Woodbury Connecticut From the First Indian Deed 1659 to 1872, William Cothren, 1872, Vol. 2 p. 916
9. ^ Stratford Land Records Vol. 2 p. 70
10. ^ Trumbull Historical Society website retrieved 2011 03-19 [3]
11. ^ Orcutt Vol. 2 p. 1252
12. ^ Stratford Land Records, Vol. 2 p. 82-86
13. ^ Stratford Land Records Vol. 2 p. 108
14. ^ Stratford Land Records, Vol. 2 p. 82
15. ^ Nichols Improvement Association website retrieved on 2009-05-17
16. ^ A History of the Old Town of Stratford and the City of Bridgeport, Connecticut, Reverend Samuel Orcutt, Fairfield County Historical Society, 1886, Vol II page 1060 [4]
17. ^ Heather Jones and Bruce Harvey, Historic and Architectural Survey of the Town of Trumbull, Fairfield County, Connecticut, Produced for the Connecticut Commission on Culture and Tourism, Hartford, CT, 2010
18. ^ David F. Ransom and John Herzan (December 27, 1986). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Nichols Farms Historic District". National Park Service. http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NRHP/Text/87001392.pdf.  and Accompanying 19 photos from 1986

Bibliography

• Trumbull Historical Society, History of Trumbull, Dodrasquicentennial, 1797-1972, 1972
• Reverend Samuel Orcutt, History of the Old Town of Stratford, Connecticut, Fairfield Historical Society, 1886
• Dorothy M. Seely, Tales of Trumbull's Past, Trumbull Historical Society, 1984

External links

• Nichols Improvement Society
• National Register of Historic Places
• The USGenWeb Project, Fairfield County