- Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China
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Main article: Foreign relations of the People's Republic of China
Since its founding in 1949, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has had a diplomatic tug-of-war with its rival in Taiwan, the Republic of China (ROC). Throughout the Cold War, both governments claimed to be the sole legitimate government of all China and allowed countries to recognize either one or the other. Until the 1970s, most Western countries recognized the Republic of China on Taiwan while the communist bloc and third world countries recognized the People's Republic of China. This gradually shifted and today only 23 states recognize the ROC while the PRC is recognized by the United Nations and the majority (171) of sovereign states around the world and Palestine. Both the KMT and the PRC maintain the requirement of recognizing its view of the One-China policy to establish or maintain diplomatic relations.
Countries of the world indicating decade diplomatic relations commenced with the People's Republic of China: 1949/1950s (dark red), 1960s (red), 1970s (orange), 1980s (beige) and 1990s/2000s (yellow). Countries not recognised by or not recognising the PRC are in grey. The PRC itself is in black.
Contents
Recognition of the PRC prior to its admission to the UN
1940s
The People's Republic of China was established on October 1, 1949. As the Chinese Civil War was still underway (Chiang Kai-shek did not move the ROC government to Taiwan until December 1949), all the countries that recognized the new PRC government were Communist states.
Country Date Union of Soviet Socialist Republics [1] October 3, 1949 People's Republic of Bulgaria October 4, 1949 People's Republic of Romania October 5, 1949 People's Republic of Hungary October 6, 1949 Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) October 6, 1949 Czechoslovakia [2] October 6, 1949 Slovakia [3] October 6, 1949 Peoples Republic of Poland October 7, 1949 Mongolian People's Republic October 16, 1949 German Democratic Republic (East Germany) [4] October 27, 1949 Peoples Republic of Albania November 23, 1949 1950s
Country Date United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland [5] January 6, 1950[6] Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) January 18, 1950 Republic of India April 1, 1950 Republic of Indonesia April 13, 1950 Kingdom of Sweden May 9, 1950 Kingdom of Denmark May 11, 1950 Union of Burma (now Myanmar) June 8, 1950 Swiss Confederation September 14, 1950 Principality of Liechtenstein September 14, 1950 Republic of Finland October 28, 1950 Dominion of Pakistan (now the Islamic Republic of Pakistan) May 21, 1951 Kingdom of Norway October 5, 1954 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia [7] January 2, 1955 Kingdom of Afghanistan January 20, 1955 Kingdom of Nepal August 1, 1955 Republic of Egypt May 30, 1956 Syrian Republic August 1, 1956 Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen [8]
(North Yemen)September 24, 1956 Dominion of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) February 7, 1957 Kingdom of Cambodia July 19, 1958 Republic of Iraq August 25, 1958 Kingdom of Morocco November 1, 1958 Algeria December 20, 1958 Republic of Sudan February 4, 1959 Republic of Guinea October 4, 1959 1960s
Country Date Republic of Ghana July 5, 1960 Republic of Cuba September 28, 1960 Republic of Mali October 25, 1960 Somali Republic December 14, 1960 Democratic Republic of Congo [9] February 20, 1961 Kingdom of Laos April 25, 1961 Republic of Uganda October 18, 1962 Republic of Kenya December 14, 1963 Kingdom of Burundi [10] December 21, 1963 Republic of Tunisia January 10, 1964 French Republic January 27, 1964 Republic of Congo February 22, 1964 United Republic of Tanzania [11] April 26, 1964 Central African Republic [12] September 29, 1964 Republic of Zambia October 29, 1964 Republic of Dahomey (now known as Benin) [13] November 12, 1964 Islamic Republic of Mauritania July 19, 1965 People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [8] (South Yemen) January 31, 1968 1970s
Country Date Canada October 13, 1970 Republic of Equatorial Guinea October 15, 1970 Italian Republic November 6, 1970 Empire of Ethiopia November 24, 1970 Republic of Chile December 15, 1970 Federal Republic of Nigeria February 10, 1971 State of Kuwait March 22, 1971 United Republic of Cameroon March 26, 1971 Most Serene Republic of San Marino [14] May 6, 1971 Republic of Austria May 28, 1971 Republic of Sierra Leone July 29, 1971 Republic of Turkey August 4, 1971 Empire of Iran August 16, 1971 Recognition of the PRC after its admission to the UN
The Republic of China, which had occupied China's seat at the United Nations since 1945, was expelled on October 25, 1971. Its seat was taken over by the People's Republic of China, and the migration of relations to the PRC soon followed among members of the Western Bloc, except for France, Canada which had previously established diplomatic relations.
1970s
Country Date Kingdom of Belgium October 25, 1971 Republic of Peru November 2, 1971 Republic of Lebanon November 9, 1971 Republic of Rwanda November 12, 1971 Republic of Senegal [15] December 7, 1971 Republic of Iceland December 8, 1971 Republic of Cyprus December 14, 1972 Republic of Malta January 31, 1972 United Mexican States February 14, 1972 Argentine Republic February 19, 1972 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland[5] March 13, 1972 Republic of Mauritius April 15, 1972 Kingdom of the Netherlands[5] May 18, 1972 Kingdom of Greece June 5, 1972 Cooperative Republic of Guyana June 27, 1972 Togolese Republic September 19, 1972 Japan September 29, 1972 Federal Republic of Germany
(West Germany)October 11, 1972 Republic of Maldives October 14, 1972 Democratic Republic of Madagascar November 6, 1972 Grand Duchy of Luxembourg November 16, 1972 Jamaica November 21, 1972 Republic of Chad [16] November 28, 1972 Australia December 21, 1972 New Zealand December 22, 1972 Kingdom of Spain March 9, 1973 Republic of Upper Volta (NowBurkina Faso) [17] September 15, 1973 Republic of Guinea Bissau [18] March 15, 1974 Republic of Gabon April 20, 1974 Malaysia May 31, 1974 Republic of Trinidad and Tobago June 20, 1974 Republic of Venezuela June 28, 1974 Republic of Niger [19] July 20, 1974 Federative Republic of Brazil August 15, 1974 Republic of Gambia [20] December 14, 1974 Republic of Botswana January 6, 1975 Republic of Philippines June 9, 1975 People's Republic of Mozambique June 25, 1975 Kingdom of Thailand July 1, 1975 Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe [21] July 12, 1975 Peoples Republic of Bangladesh October 4, 1975 Republic of Fiji November 5, 1975 Western Samoa November 6, 1975 State of Comoros November 13, 1975 Republic of Cape Verde April 25, 1976 Republic of Suriname May 28, 1976 Republic of Seychelles June 30, 1976 Papua New Guinea October 12, 1976 Republic of Liberia [22] February 17, 1977 Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan April 7, 1977 Barbados May 30, 1977 Sultanate of Oman May 25, 1978 Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya August 9, 1978 United States of America January 1, 1979 Republic of Djibouti January 8, 1979 Republic of Portugal February 8, 1979 Republic of Ireland June 22, 1979 1980s
Country Date Republic of Ecuador January 2, 1980 Republic of Colombia February 7, 1980 Republic of Zimbabwe April 18, 1980 Republic of Kiribati [23] June 25, 1980 Republic of Vanuatu March 26, 1982 Antigua and Barbuda January 1, 1983 People's Republic of Angola January 12, 1983 Republic of Côte d'Ivoire March 2, 1983 Kingdom of Lesotho [24] April 30, 1983 United Arab Emirates November 1, 1984 Republic of Bolivia July 9, 1985 Grenada [25] October 1, 1985 Republic of Nicaragua [26] December 7, 1985 Belize [27] February 6, 1987 Oriental Republic of Uruguay February 3, 1988 State of Qatar July 9, 1988 State of Palestine November 20, 1988 State of Bahrain April 18, 1989 Federated States of Micronesia September 11, 1989 1990s
Country Date Republic of Namibia March 22, 1990 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia July 21, 1990 Republic of Singapore October 3, 1990 Republic of the Marshall Islands [28] November 16, 1990 Republic of Estonia September 11, 1991 Republic of Latvia September 12, 1991 Republic of Lithuania September 14, 1991 State of Brunei Darussalam September 30, 1991 Republic of Uzbekistan January 2, 1992 Republic of Kazakhstan January 3, 1992 Republic of Tajikistan January 4, 1992 Ukraine January 4, 1992 Kyrgyz Republic January 5, 1992 Turkmenistan January 6, 1992 Republic of Belarus January 20, 1992 State of Israel January 24, 1992 Republic of Moldova January 30, 1992 Republic of Azerbaijan April 2, 1992 Republic of Armenia April 6, 1992 Serbia (as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia)[7] April 28, 1992 Republic of Georgia June 9, 1992 Republic of Slovenia May 12, 1992 Republic of Croatia May 13, 1992 Republic of Korea (South Korea) August 24, 1992 State of Eritrea May 24, 1993 Republic of Macedonia October 12, 1993 Principality of Andorra June 29, 1994 Principality of Monaco [29] January 16, 1995 Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina April 3, 1995 Commonwealth of the Bahamas May 23, 1997 Cook Islands July 25, 1997 Saint Lucia [30] September 1, 1997 Republic of South Africa January 1, 1998 Kingdom of Tonga November 2, 1998 2000s
Country Date Democratic Republic of East Timor May 20, 2002 Republic of Nauru [31] July 21, 2002 Commonwealth of Dominica March 31, 2004 Republic of Montenegro July 6, 2006 Republic of Costa Rica June 1, 2007 Niue December 12, 2007 Republic of Malawi December 28, 2007 2010s
Country Date South Sudan July 9, 2011 See also
- PRC
- ROC
- Foreign relations of the Republic of China
- Timeline of diplomatic relations of the Republic of China
Notes
- ^ Succeeded by Russia
- ^ Succeeded by the Czech Republic
- ^ Diplomatic relations were established on January 1, 1993. Mutually agreed to trace the date of establishment of diplomatic relations back to October 6, 1949.
- ^ Succeeded by the Federal Republic of Germany on October 3, 1990.
- ^ a b c On January 6, 1950, the United Kingdom recognized the People's Republic of China and requested the exchange of ambassadors, but this was refused. The UK and The Netherlands established diplomatic relations at chargé d'affaires level with the PRC on June 17, 1954 and November 19, 1954 respectively. The PRC government does not regard the semi-diplomatic relations at chargé d'affaires level as formal diplomatic ties. The UK does. The PRC consented to the exchange of ambassadors with the UK on March 13, 1972 and with The Netherlands on May 18, 1972. See Sino-British relations for further details.
- ^ "Britain Recognizes Chinese Communists: Note delivered in Peking". The Times (London): p. 6. January 7, 1950. ISSN 0140-0460.
- ^ a b Serbia attempted to succeed but all other former Yugoslav Republics deferred the attempt, and no consensus was reached in the first period. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia est. 1992-02-28 was not granted successorship and was placed under international sanctions. In 2001 an Agreement on Succession Issues was signed and reached validity in 2004, by the provisions of that Agreement FRY is not the successor of SFRY. Serbia and Montenegro succeeded the United Nations seat of the FRY (joined the UN as a new member on 2000-11-01) "Succession" of recognition by Serbia, successor state of Serbia and Montenegro is due to international law inadmissible. Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on the former Yugoslavia Opinion No. 10 (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia - Serbia and Montenegro). In this decision, the Commission ruled that the FRY (Serbia and Montenegro) could not legally be considered a continuation of the former SFRY, but was rather a new state. Thus the European Community (and the UN) should not automatically recognize the FRY, but apply to it the same criteria applied to the recognition of the other post-SFRY states.
- ^ a b Succeeded by the Republic of Yemen. Date of establishment of diplomatic relations was set back to September 24, 1956.
- ^ "Bilateral Relations between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Congo (Kin)".
- ^ Diplomatic relations were restored on October 13, 1971 after Burundi unilaterally severed relations on January 29, 1965.
- ^ PRC had established diplomatic relations with the predecessors of Tanzania, Tanganyika and Zanzibar on December 9, 1961 and December 11, 1963, respectively.
- ^ Diplomatic relations were restored on January 29, 1998. CAR resumed diplomatic ties with the Republic of China on July 8, 1991.
- ^ Diplomatic relations were restored on December 29, 1972. Benin resumed diplomatic ties with the ROC in April 1966.
- ^ Diplomatic relations were raised to ambassadorial level on July 15, 1991.
- ^ Senegal resumed diplomatic relations with the ROC on January 6, 1996. Ties with the PRC were severed from January 9, 1996, until October 25, 2005, when ties were resumed.
- ^ Diplomatic relations were restored on August 6, 2006. Diplomatic relations were severed on August 15, 1997 after Chad resumed diplomatic ties with the ROC on August 12, 1997.
- ^ Diplomatic relations were severed on February 4, 1994. Burkina Faso resumed diplomatic ties with the ROC on February 2, 1994.
- ^ Diplomatic relations were restored on April 13, 1998. Guinea Bissau recognized the ROC on May 26, 1990.
- ^ Diplomatic relations were restored on August 19, 1996. PRC suspended diplomatic relations on July 19, 1992 after Niger resumed ties with the ROC on June 30, 1992.
- ^ Diplomatic relations were severed on July 25, 1995. Gambia resumed diplomatic ties with the ROC on July 13, 1995.
- ^ São Tomé and Príncipe established diplomatic relations with the ROC on May 6, 1997. The PRC suspended diplomatic relations on the same day.
- ^ Diplomatic relations were restored on August 10, 1993. Liberia resumed diplomatic ties with the ROC on October 9, 1989. Diplomatic relations with the PRC has been severed since September 9, 1997 because the Liberian Government's recognition of a "Two Chinas" Policy. However, the PRC and Liberia normalized their relations on October 11, 2003.
- ^ Diplomatic relations were severed on November 29, 2003. Kiribati recognized the ROC on November 7, 2003.
- ^ Diplomatic relations were restored on January 12, 1994. Lesotho resumed diplomatic ties with the ROC on April 5, 1990.
- ^ Diplomatic relations were restored on January 20, 2005. Grenada recognized the ROC on July 19, 1989.
- ^ Diplomatic relations were severed on November 9, 1990. Nicaragua resumed diplomatic ties with the ROC on November 6, 1990.
- ^ Diplomatic relations were severed on October 23, 1989. Belize recognized the ROC on October 11, 1989.
- ^ Diplomatic relations were severed on December 11, 1998. Marshall Islands recognized the ROC on November 20, 1998.
- ^ Diplomatic relations were raised to ambassadorial level on February 6, 2006.
- ^ Diplomatic relations were severed on May 5, 2007. St. Lucia resumed diplomatic ties with the ROC on April 30, 2007.
- ^ Diplomatic relations were severed on May 31, 2005. Nauru resumed diplomatic ties with the ROC on May 14, 2005.
External links
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China (English Version)
- Library of Congress. A Country Study: China
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