Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh

Princess Mary
Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh
Spouse	Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester
House	House of Hanover
Father	George III
Mother	Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Born	25 April 1776(1776-04-25) Buckingham Palace, London
Died	30 April 1857(1857-04-30) (aged 81) Gloucester House, London
Burial	8 May 1857 St George's Chapel, Windsor

The Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh (25 April 1776 – 30 April 1857) was a member of the British Royal Family, the eleventh child and fourth daughter of George III.

She was married to Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh.

Early life

Princess Mary was born, on 25 April 1776, at Buckingham Palace, London. Her father was the reigning British monarch, George III. Her mother was Queen Charlotte, the daughter of Charles, reigning Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

Princess Mary aged six.

Mary was christened on 19 May 1776, in the Great Council Chamber at St. James's Palace, by Frederick Cornwallis, The Archbishop of Canterbury. Her godparents were:

• Landgrave Frederick of Hesse-Cassel (her first cousin once-removed, for whom The Earl of Hertford, Lord Chamberlain stood proxy)
• The Duchess of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (wife of her first cousin once-removed, for whom The Duchess of Argyll, Lady of the Bedchamber to The Queen, was proxy)
• Princess Charles of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (her third cousin once-removed, for whom The Dowager Countess of Effingham, Lady of the Bedchamber to The Queen, stood proxy).^[1]

Mary at left, aged nine, with her two younger sisters Sophia and Amelia in 1785. Painted by John Singleton Copley

1856 daguerreotype of Princess Mary (seated far right). Sitting to her left are Queen Victoria and Princess Alice. Standing is the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII). Daguerreotype by Antoine Claudet

Mary danced a minuet for the first time in public at the age of sixteen in June 1791, during a court ball given for the king's birthday.^[2] In the spring of 1792 she officially debuted at court.^[2] She was considered to be the most beautiful of the six daughters of George III. Around 1796 Mary fell in love with the Dutch prince Frederick, while he and his family lived in exile in London. Frederik was a son of William V, Prince of Orange, the Dutch stadholder, and younger brother to the future King William I of the Netherlands. However Frederik and Mary never wed because George III stipulated that her elder sisters should marry first. In 1799 Prince Frederik died of an infection while serving in the army, and Mary was allowed to go into official mourning.

Marriage

Mary's upbringing was very sheltered and she spent most of her time with her parents and sisters. King George and Queen Charlotte were keen to shelter their children, particularly the girls. Mary, however, married on 22 July 1816, to her first cousin, Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, the son of George III's brother, Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, at the Chapel Royal in St James's Palace. On their wedding day, Mary's brother, The Prince Regent, raised the bridegroom's style from Highness to Royal Highness, an attribute to which Mary's rank as daughter of the King already entitled her.

The couple lived at Bagshot Park, but after William's death she moved to White Lodge in Richmond Park. They had no children together. Princess Mary was said to be the favourite aunt of her niece, Queen Victoria.

Princess Mary was quite close to her eldest brother, and she shared his dislike toward his wife Caroline of Brunswick. When the latter left for Italy, Princess Mary congratulated her brother "on the prospect of a good riddance. Heaven grant that she may not return again and that we may never see more of her."^[3]

Princess Mary was the longest-lived (at 81 years) and last survivor of George III's fifteen children. Of those fifteen issue, thirteen lived to adulthood. She was also the only one of George III's children to be photographed. She died on 30 April 1857 at Gloucester House, London.

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

• 25 April 1776 – 22 July 1816: Her Royal Highness The Princess Mary
• 22 July 1816 – 30 April 1857: Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh

Arms

As of 1789, as a daughter of the sovereign, Mary had use of the arms of the kingdom, differenced by a label argent of three points, the centre point bearing a rose gules, the outer points each bearing a canton gules.^[4]

Ancestors

See also

• List of British princesses

References

1. ^ Yvonne's Royalty Home Page: Royal Christenings
2. ^ ^{a b} Lane, Henry M. (1911). The Royal Daughters of England. London. p. 191. 
3. ^ Charlotte Zeepvat: George III's Children, p. 106
4. ^ Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family

External links

• Archival material relating to Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh listed at the UK National Register of Archives

Persondata
Name	Mary, Duchess Of Gloucester, Princess
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	25 April 1776
Place of birth	Buckingham Palace, London
Date of death	30 April 1857
Place of death	Gloucester House, London