Princess Mary of Great Britain

For other persons known as Princess Mary, see Princess Mary (disambiguation).

Princess Mary
Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel
by Johann Heinrich Tischbein
Tenure	1 February 1760[1] – 14 January 1772
Spouse	Frederick II
Issue
Prince William William I, Elector of Hesse Prince Charles Prince Frederick
House	House of Hesse-Kassel House of Hanover
Father	George II of Great Britain
Mother	Caroline of Ansbach
Born	5 March 1723(1723-03-05) (New Style) Leicester House, Westminster, London, England, Kingdom of Great Britain
Died	14 January 1772(1772-01-14) (aged 48) Hanau, Germany
Burial	1 February 1772 Hanau, Germany
Religion	Anglicanism

The Princess Mary (5 March 1723 – 14 January 1772) was a member of the British Royal Family, a daughter of George II and Caroline of Ansbach.

Early life

Princess Mary

Princess Mary was born at Leicester House, Westminster, London.^[2] Her father was the Prince of Wales, later King George II. Her mother was Caroline of Ansbach, daughter of Johann Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach.^[2]

Her father succeeded, as George II, on 11 June 1727, and she became HRH The Princess Mary.

Marriage

A marriage was negotiated with Landgrave Frederick of Hesse-Kassel, the only son and heir of William VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel.^[3] For the marriage, Parliament voted Mary £40,000.^[3]

They married by proxy at the Chapel Royal of St. James's Palace in London on 8 May, then in person on 28 June 1740 at Kassel.^[2] The marriage was unhappy, and Frederick was said to be "brutal" and "a boor". In late 1746, Mary made an extended trip to Britain to escape his maltreatment. The couple separated in 1754 on Frederick's conversion to Roman Catholicism. They had four sons, three of whom survived to adulthood.^[3] In 1756, Mary moved to Denmark, to take care of the children of her sister, Louise of Great Britain, who had died in 1751. She took her children with her; they were raised at the royal court and her sons were married to Danish princesses. Her husband succeeded his father as Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel in 1760, and so Mary was technically Landgravine consort for the last twelve years of her life, despite her estrangement from her husband.

Mary died on 14 or 16 of January, 1772, aged 48 at Hanau, Germany.^[2]

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

• 5 March 1723 – 11 June 1727: Her Royal Highness Princess Mary^[4]
• 11 June 1727 – 8 May 1740: Her Royal Highness The Princess Mary
• 8 May 1740 – 25 March 1751: Her Royal Highness Princess Frederick of Hesse-Kassel
• 25 March 1751 - 1 February 1760: Her Royal Highness The Hereditary Princess of Hesse-Kassel
• 1 February 1760 – 14 January 1772: Her Royal Highness The Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel

Arms

On 30 August 1727, as a child of the sovereign, Mary was granted use of the arms of the realm, differenced by a label argent of three points, each bearing a canton gules.^[5]

Issue

Name	Birth	Death	Notes
Prince William of Hesse-Kassel	1741	1742	died in infancy
William I, Elector of Hesse	1743	1821	married, 1763, Caroline of Denmark; had issue
Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel	1744	1836	married, 1766, Louise of Denmark; had issue
Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel	1747	1837	married, 1786, Caroline of Nassau-Usingen; had issue

Ancestors

References

1. ^ The Peerage – Landgrave William VIII
2. ^ ^{a b c d} Weir, Alison (2008). Britain's Royal Families, The Complete Genealogy. London: Vintage Books. p. 284. ISBN 9780099539735. 
3. ^ ^{a b c} Williamson, David (2004). "Mary, Princess (1723–1772)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/18253. http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/18253. Retrieved 15 March 2011. 
4. ^ The London Gazette refers to her as "Princess Mary"
5. ^ Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family

• Henry Churchyard "Royal Genealogies, Part 10"
• Sam Sloan "Big Combined Family Trees (pafg751)"

Sources

• Weir, Alison (2008). Britain's Royal Families, The Complete Genealogy. London: Vintage Books. ISBN 9780099539735. 
• Williamson, David (2004). "Mary, Princess (1723–1772)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/18253. http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/18253. Retrieved 15 March 2011. 

Princess Mary of Great Britain House of Hanover Cadet branch of the House of Welf Born: 5 March 1723 Died: 14 January 1772
German royalty
Vacant Title last held by Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden	Landgravine consort of Hesse-Kassel 1 February 1760 – 14 January 1772	Vacant Title next held by Philippine of Brandenburg-Schwedt

Persondata
Name	Mary Of Great Britain, Princess
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	5 March 1723
Place of birth	Leicester House, Westminster, London, England, Kingdom of Great Britain
Date of death	14 January 1772
Place of death	Hanau, Germany