Princess Augusta of Great Britain

Infobox British Royalty|royal|consort
name =Princess Augusta
title =Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg

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imgw =200
reign =26 March 1780 [ [http://www.thepeerage.com/p10846.htm#i108452 The Peerage – Charles I, Duke of Brunswick] ] – 10 November 1806
spouse =Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick
issue =Auguste Caroline Friederike Luise
Karl Georg August
Caroline Amalie Elisabeth
Georg Wilhelm Christian
August
Friedrich Wilhelm
Amelie Karoline Dorothea Luise
royal house =House of Hanover
House of Brunswick-Bevern
full name = Augusta Frederica
titles ="HRH" The Duchess of Brunswick
"HRH" The Hereditary Duchess of Brunswick
"HRH" Princess Augusta [http://www.londongazette.co.uk/ViewPDF.aspx?pdf=10384 "The London Gazette"] , 17 January 1764]
father =Frederick, Prince of Wales
mother =Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha
date of birth =birth date|1737|8|31|df=y
place of birth =St James's Palace, London
date of christening =9 September 1737
place of christening =St James's Palace, London
date of death =Death date and age|1813|3|23|1737|7|31|df=yes
place of death =Hanover Square, London
date of burial =31 March 1813
place of burial =St George's Chapel, Windsor|

Princess Augusta (Augusta Frederica; 31 August 1737 – 23 March 1813) was a member of the British Royal Family, a granddaughter of George II and sister of George III. She later married into the Ducal House of Brunswick, of which she was already a member. Her daughter Caroline of Brunswick was the Queen consort of George IV.

Early life

Princess Augusta was born at St James's Palace, London. Her father was The Prince Frederick Lewis, Prince of Wales, the eldest son of George II and Caroline of Ansbach. Her mother was the Princess of Wales (formerly Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha). Twenty-nine days later, she was christened at St James's Palace, by The Archbishop of Canterbury, John Potter, and her godparents were her paternal grandfather The King of Great Britain (represented by his Lord Chamberlain, The Duke of Grafton) and both her grandmothers, The Queen of Great Britain and The Dowager Duchess of Saxe-Gotha (both of whom were represented by a proxies). [ [http://users.uniserve.com/~canyon/christenings.htm#Christenings Yvonne's Royalty Home Page: Royal Christenings] ] She was born second in the line of succession.

Marriage

On 16 January 1764, Augusta married Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick at the Chapel Royal of St James's Palace.

Later life

In 1806, when Prussia declared war on France, the Duke of Brunswick, 71 at the time, was appointed commander-in-chief of the Prussian army. On 14 October of that year, at the Battle of Jena, Napoleon defeated the Prussian army, and, on the same day, at the battle of Auerstadt, the Duke of Brunswick was seriously wounded, dying a few days later. The Duchess of Brunswick, with two of her sons, and a widowed daughter-in-law, fled her ruined palace for Altona, and then fled to Augustenborg, a small town east of Jutland.

The Duchess of Brunswick remained here, residing with her niece, Princess Louise Augusta, daughter of her sister Queen Caroline Mathilde of Denmark, until her brother, George III finally relented, in September 1807, and allowed her to move to London. She moved to Montague House, Blackheath, in Greenwich, with her daughter, the Princess of Wales, but soon fell out with her daughter, and purchased the house next door, Brunswick House, as she renamed it. The Duchess of Brunswick lived out her days in Blackheath and died, in 1813, aged 75.

Titles, styles, honour and arms

Titles and styles

*31 August 1737 – 16 January 1764: "Her Royal Highness" Princess Augusta
*16 January 1764 – 26 March 1780: "Her Royal Highness" The Hereditary Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg
*26 March 1780 – 10 November 1806: "Her Royal Highness" The Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg
*10 November 1806 – 23 March 1813: "Her Royal Highness" The Dowager Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg

Arms

Augusta was granted use of the arms of the kingdom, differenced by a "label argent of five points, the centre bearing a cross gules, the other points each bearing a rose gules". [ [http://www.heraldica.org/topics/britain/cadency.htm Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family] ]

Ancestors

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1= 1. Princess Augusta of Great Britain
2= 2. Frederick, Prince of Wales
3= 3. Augusta of Saxe-Gotha
4= 4. George II of Great Britain
5= 5. Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach
6= 6. Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
7= 7. Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst
8= 8. George I of Great Britain
9= 9. Sophia Dorothea of Celle
10= 10. John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
11= 11. Eleanore of Saxe-Eisenach
12= 12. Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
13= 13. Magdalena Sibylle of Saxe-Weissenfels
14= 14. Charles of Anhalt-Zerbst
15= 15. Sophia of Saxe-Weissenfels
16= 16. Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover
17= 17. Sophia of the Palatine
18= 18. George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
19= 19. Eleonore d'Esmier d'Olbreuse
20= 20. Albert, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
21= 21. Sophia Margaret of Oettingen-Oettingen
22= 22. John George I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach
23= 23. Johanetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein
24= 24. Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha
25= 25. Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg
26= 26. Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels
27= 27. Anna Maria of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
28= 28. John VI, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst
29= 29. Sophie Augusta of Holstein-Gottorp
30= 30. Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels (= 26)
31= 31. Anna Maria of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (= 27)

Issue

Together the couple had 7 children:

Sources

* Beckett, William A.: "Universal Biography." London: Isaac, 1836.
* Kwan, Elisabeth E.; Röhrig, Anna E.: "Frauen vom Hof der Welfen." Göttingen: MatrixMedia 2006, ISBN 3-932313-17-8, p. 115−126.

References