- Hillsdale College
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Hillsdale College Motto Virtus Tentamine Gaudet Motto in English Strength rejoices in the challenge Established December 4, 1844 Type Liberal arts college Endowment $295 million (2011)[1] President Larry P. Arnn Provost David M. Whalen Academic staff 102 full-time, 37 adjunct Undergraduates 1,402 Location Hillsdale, Michigan, USA Campus Rural, 200 acres (45 buildings) Former names Michigan Central College Colors Blue and White Athletics NCAA Division II; 11 varsity intercollegiate sports teams Nickname Chargers Website www.hillsdale.edu Hillsdale College in Hillsdale, Michigan, is a co-educational liberal arts college known for being the first American college to prohibit in its charter all discrimination based on race, religion, or sex[2]; its refusal of government funding; and its monthly publication, Imprimis.[3] National Review has described Hillsdale as a "citadel of American conservatism."[4][5]
More than 1,400 students attend Hillsdale from 45 states, the District of Columbia, and eight foreign countries. The college employs 116 full-time faculty members. Hillsdale offers a variety of liberal arts majors, pre-professional programs, a teacher education program, and a journalism certificate program. Located in south-central Michigan, United States, its 200 acres (81 ha) campus contains multiple instructional and office buildings, thirteen residence halls, six fraternity and sorority houses, an athletic complex, music hall, arts center, and an arboretum.[6]
Contents
History
Founding principles and Civil War involvement
Hillsdale College was established as Michigan Central College in Spring Arbor, Michigan on December 4, 1844. In 1853, the college moved to Hillsdale, Michigan and assumed its current name. Hillsdale was the first American college to prohibit in its charter all discrimination based on race, religion, or sex.[3] Hillsdale's founders were determined to uphold the principle of equality articulated by the Founders of America who had declared in 1776 that "all men are created equal."
Hillsdale was founded by Freewill Baptists, and in the nineteenth century Hillsdale and Bates College in Maine were the only American colleges affiliated with the denomination. Hillsdale no longer has any denominational affiliation, and Hillsdale Free Will Baptist College in Oklahoma was founded after Hillsdale College disaffiliated itself with the denomination.
Shortly after its founding, Hillsdale, as a part of the anti-slavery Freewill Baptist denomination, emerged as an early agitator for the abolition of slavery and for the education of black students.[7] Black students were admitted immediately after the college's 1844 founding, and the College became the second[3] school in the nation to grant four-year liberal arts degrees to women.[8]
Many Hillsdale students served in the Union army during the American Civil War. A higher percentage of Hillsdale students enlisted than from any other non-military college.[9] Of the more than 400 men serving, half became officers. During the conflict, four Hillsdale students received the Medal of Honor, three became generals, and many more served as regimental commanders. For the more than sixty that died, a monument was erected in their honor, which now stands between Kendall and Lane Halls.[3]
Non-discrimination policy
Hillsdale's non-discrimination policy remained controversial throughout its history. Furthermore, Hillsdale's football team refused to play in the 1956 Tangerine Bowl in Florida when the governing committee of the Bowl would not allow the team's black players to join the white players on the field; the committee then selected Juniata College instead.[10][11] Hillsdale College's policies came under fire in the 1970s following the enactment of affirmative action legislation. Because some students were receiving federal loans, the federal government asserted that it could require Hillsdale College to submit Assurance of Compliance forms mandated by Title IX as a condition of the continued receipt of federal financial assistance by two hundred Hillsdale students. Hillsdale refused compliance on the grounds that its own policies were less discriminatory than those the federal government would impose. This ongoing dispute with the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) began to intensify in 1979 when the College filed a petition for judicial review in the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, asking the court to overturn a previous decision by the Reviewing Authority, Office of Civil Rights of HEW. In December 1982, the Sixth Circuit upheld Hillsdale's refusal to sign the compliance forms but also ruled that government aid to individual students could be terminated without a finding that a college actually discriminated. In February 1984, in a related case, Grove City College v. Bell, the Supreme Court required every college or university to fulfill federal requirements - past and future requirements - if its students received federal aid. As a result of the court's decision, Hillsdale withdrew from all federal assistance beginning with the 1984-85 academic year; Grove City College, the defendant in that case, followed Hillsdale's lead four years later. Beginning with the 2007-2008 academic year, Hillsdale also stopped accepting Michigan state assistance, instead matching any funds that a student would have received from the state with its own aid.[12]
Since 2007, Hillsdale's entire operating budget of the college, including scholarships, comes from private funding and endowments.
Recent history
Since 1981, Hillsdale has presented National Leadership Seminars nationwide on issues of politics, economics and culture. To date, more than 19,000 community, business and media leaders around the country have attended these seminars. Past speakers include Steve Forbes, Benjamin Netanyahu, Dan Quayle, Tony Snow, Margaret Thatcher, and Caspar Weinberger.[13][14]
In 1987, Hillsdale College's dean of women initiated a lawsuit against another faculty member, alleging he had made slanderous remarks about her in the context of a controversy around her role in the selection of the editor of the student newspaper, The Hillsdale Collegian. A subsequent investigation by a committee of the American Association of University Professors concluded that Hillsdale had violated the Association's standards in the context of the nonreappointment and found evidence that the administration had made that decision because of Treadgold's role in preparing the letter, even though this activity "should have been protected under generally accepted principles of academic freedom."[15]
Hillsdale often features prominent speakers at college events, including its Center for Constructive Alternatives (CCA) program. Speakers have included Stephen Ambrose, Benazir Bhutto, Harry Browne, Russell Kirk, Harvey Mansfield, Ralph Nader, P.J. O'Rourke, and Phyllis Schlafly.[16][17]
Hillsdale's campus includes Hillsdale Academy, a private K-12 liberal arts school.[18]
College presidents
Early presidents
Daniel McBride Graham was the college's first president, serving from 1844 to 1848 and later serving a second term from 1871 to 1874.[19]
Edmund Burke Fairfield was the college's second president, leading Hillsdale from 1848 to 1869.[19] During his presidency, he helped found the Republican Party.[20]
James Calder was the college's third president, serving from 1869 to 1871. He later resigned to serve as president of the Pennsylvania State University.[19] He was succeeded by DeWitt Clinton Durgin, a graduate of Union College, from 1874-1878,[19] and George F. Mosher, who served from 1886 to 1901.[19][21]
Joseph William Mauck was the sixth president, leading from 1902 to 1922.[19] He was an outspoken advocate for women's suffrage.[22][23] He was succeeded by William Gear Spencer from 1922 to 1932,[19] who departed to lead Franklin College.[24]
Willfred Otto Mauck was the eighth president from 1933 to 1942. He was succeeded by Harvey L. Turner from 1942 to 1952, and J. Donald Phillips from 1952 to 1971.[19]
George Roche III
George Roche III was the eleventh president of Hillsdale College, serving from 1971 to 1999. He focused on raising the college's endowment, establishing new programs like the Center for Constructive Alternatives and bringing prominent national speakers to campus. It was also during his time at the school that Imprimis, Hillsdale's speech digest, was published in 1972.[19] He resigned from his position at the college on November 10, 1999 after being placed on a leave of absence by the college's board of directors. This occurred after Lissa Jackson Roche, his daughter-in-law, was found dead in Slayton Arboretum shortly after alleging that she and Roche had an affair. He emphatically denied her claims and maintained that no sexual relationship had taken place. Her death was ruled a suicide by investigators.[4][25]
Larry P. Arnn
Dr. Larry P. Arnn currently serves as president of the college, a position he assumed in 2000.[26] Arnn's academic interest in Sir Winston Churchill led to the establishment of the annual Churchill Dinner in Washington, D.C. Past speakers at the dinner include Charles Krauthammer, Rush Limbaugh, Karl Rove, and Clarence Thomas.[27] Arnn is one of the highest paid liberal arts college presidents in the United States, earning an annual compensation package in 2009 totaling $608,615, which includes a base salary of $289,867.[28][29]
Rankings
Hillsdale is ranked 60th of 650 schools, including 7th in the Midwest and 1st in the state of Michigan, in the 2011 Forbes report of America's Best Colleges.[30]It ranked 88th in the 2011 U.S. News & World Report listing of best American Liberal Arts colleges.[31] (It was not ranked in 2012 due to insufficient data provided to the magazine.)[32][33] It ranks first in the Princeton Review's The Best 376 Colleges 2011 listing of colleges where students are "most conservative."[34]
Off-campus study
Off-campus study programs include the Washington Journalism Internship at the National Journalism Center in Washington, D.C.; the James C. Quayle Journalism Intern Program; Hillsdale College Professional Sales Intern Program; Hillsdale in Seville, Spain at The Center for Cross-Cultural Study; the Hillsdale/Oxford Scholars Program; Hillsdale College/Universität des Saarlandes, at Saarbrücken, Germany; Hillsdale College Intensive Language Summer School in Tours, France; Hillsdale College Intensive Language & Culture Summer Program in Würzburg, Germany; Hillsdale College at Regent's College, London; Hillsdale College at the University of St. Andrews, at St. Andrews, Scotland; and the Washington-Hillsdale Internship Program (WHIP), where students reside one semester in Washington, D.C., studying Political Science by working 35–40 hours per week in government or private sector positions, and take two classroom courses in either American Politics or Public Policy, and either Contemporary American Foreign Policy or National Security.[35]
The Allan P. Kirby, Jr. Center for Constitutional Studies & Citizenship in Washington, D.C., exists "to advance the principles and ideas that have made America free and prosperous."[36] The Kirby Center sponsors lectures and online events consistent with the mission of Hillsdale College.[37][5]
Statues of the Liberty Walk
Along with message-inscribed bricks purchased by friends and alumni of Hillsdale College, the Liberty Walk is lined with the likenesses of numerous well-known Western leaders and icons, the writings and ideas of which the college considers invaluable to both its own history and those of the United States and the Western tradition. Aside from the Hillsdale Eagle and a statue of the nameless Union soldier (dedicated in 1895, the 30th anniversary of the end of the Civil War), these include George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, Winston Churchill, and Margaret Thatcher. A statue of Ronald Reagan was dedicated on October 7, 2011, coinciding with the centennial year of his birth. Reagan spoke at the college in 1977 prior to his presidency, stating, "Hillsdale deserves the appreciation of all who labor for freedom."[38] Statues of James Madison, Frederick Douglass, and Hillsdale theologian Ransom Dunn are among possible future contributions.[39]
However, numerous Hillsdale students have, for years, called for considering the likenesses of more classical Western thinkers, such as Socrates, Cicero, Aristotle, Augustine, or Thomas Aquinas among others. These requests range in urgency, and stem partly from the fear that by focusing too much on "modern" conservative icons, Hillsdale College risks being seen as "a mere right-wing ideology center." One student author commented as early as 2003, "I don't frown upon the statues we've chosen; I only regret the lack of historical depth, the relatively shallow reach with which we are dipping into tradition's pool. If we want to represent truly the glory of the Western tradition, then we need to include the likenesses of those men that paved the way for present and recent heroes."[40][41]
Campus life
Athletics
The College has a number of sports teams that compete on the NCAA Division II level, including baseball, men's and women's basketball, football, softball, women's swimming, track and field, cross country, and volleyball.[42] The college also has club teams and intramural sports that vary from year to year.[43] The Chargers, as the Hillsdale athletics teams are known, compete in the Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference.
Football coach Frank "Muddy" Waters was the head coach at Hillsdale from 1954-1973. The football stadium, Frank Waters Stadium, is named in his honor.[44]
Championships
- 1985: Football - NAIA Division I[45]
- 1993 and 1994: Men's High Jump NAIA Indoor National Champion Jim McHugh
National Runners-up:
Basketball Final Four:
Greek life
North-American Interfraternity Conference Fraternities
- Delta Tau Delta - Kappa Chapter, 1867[48]
- Sigma Chi - Alpha Kappa Chapter, 1883[49]
- Alpha Tau Omega - Beta Kappa Chapter, 1888[50]
- Delta Sigma Phi - Tau Chapter, 1915[51]
National Panhellenic Conference Sororities
- Kappa Kappa Gamma - Kappa Chapter, 1881[52]
- Pi Beta Phi - Michigan Alpha Chapter, 1887[53]
- Chi Omega - Rho Gamma Chapter, 1924[54]
Notable alumni
- Bud Acton (c. 1964), former NBA player
- E. Ross Adair (1929), former member of the United States House of Representatives from Indiana
- Bion J. Arnold (1884), expert in mass transportation, called the "Father of the Third Rail"
- Jared Maurice Arter (1885), slavery-born African-American pastor and educator
- Manuel Ayau (1973), Guatemalan-born politician, humanitarian, and founder of the "Universidad Francisco Marroquín"
- Clarence Black (1999), contestant on CBS's Survivor: Africa
- Tyler Blanski (2006), author and musician
- Will Carleton (1869), American poet
- Chris Chocola (1984), former member of the United States House of Representatives from Indiana's 2nd congressional district and the current President of the Club for Growth
- Bob Clark (1963), filmmaker, most famous for directing A Christmas Story
- Cyrus Cline (1876), former member of the United States House of Representatives from Indiana
- Kirk Cordill (1992), CEO of BMW China[30]
- David L. Cornwell (1964), former member of the United States House of Representatives from Indiana
- Dan Crane (1958), former member of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois's 22nd and 19th congressional districts
- Phil Crane (1952), former member of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois's 8th congressional district
- Edwin Wilber Cunningham (1866), former justice of the Kansas Supreme Court[55]
- Robert William Davis (1952), former member of the United States House of Representatives from Michigan's 11th congressional district
- Solomon Robert Dresser (1865), former member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania and founder and president of S.R. Dresser Manufacturing Co., now Dresser Industries
- Spencer O. Fisher (c. 1865), former member of the United States House of Representatives from Michigan's 10th congressional district
- Clinton B. Fisk (c. 1844), namesake of Fisk University and Prohibition Party candidate for president in 1888
- Walter M. French (1896), former justice on the Washington Supreme Court[56]
- Elizebeth Friedman (1915), female pioneer of American cryptography
- Washington Gardner (1870), Civil War soldier and statesman
- Charles Vernon Gridley (1860), American naval officer, subject of Dewey's famous command at the Battle of Manila Bay: "You may fire when you are ready, Gridley."
- Tom Heckert (1990), general manager for the Cleveland Browns
- Andre Holmes (2011), wide receiver for the Dallas Cowboys
- Albert J. Hopkins (1870), former senator from Illinois
- Walter Howell III (1980), international director of Jones Lang LaSalle, the world's largest commercial real estate development firm[30]
- Oscar A. Janes (1868), American Civil War veteran, lost left arm in battle, elected to Michigan Senate in 1895
- Calvin Jung (1969), actor, most famous for his role as "Mr. Lee" in the 1970s Calgon Water Softener commercial that coined the phrase, "Ancient Chinese Secret, huh?"
- Marcia Watkins Kazurinski (1972), Broadway dancer, actor, singer[30]
- Henry M. Kimball (c. 1900), former member of the United States House of Representatives from Michigan's 3rd congressional district
- Fred Knorr (1937), radio executive and part-owner of the Detroit Tigers
- Peter Leeson (2001), economist
- Peter Leithart (1981), Reformed theologian
- Chuck Liebrock (1967), former Canadian football player
- Pamela Lowe (1980), vice president of Cintas Corporation[30]
- Moses A. Luce (1866), lawyer and Medal of Honor recipient
- Verner Main (1907), former member of the United States House of Representatives from Michigan
- Chester Marcol (1972), former placekicker for the Green Bay Packers
- Alton G. Marshall (1942), top aide to Nelson Rockefeller[57]
- Bruce McLenna (1966), former halfback for the Detroit Lions
- Spencer G. Millard (1877), former Lieutenant Governor of California
- Joseph B. Moore (1879), former justice on the Michigan Supreme Court
- Howard Mudd (1963), former offensive line coach for Indianapolis Colts
- Robert P. Murphy (1998), economist and author
- Walter R. Nickel (1929), dermatologist, a founder of the field of dermatopathology
- Walter H. North (1896), former justice on the Michigan Supreme Court[58]
- Jasper Packard (c. 1853), newspaper editor and U.S. Representative from Indiana[59]
- Edward Peper (1984), general manager of Chevrolet Division, General Motors Corporation[30]
- Ulysses Grant Baker Pierce (1891), Unitarian minister and Chaplain of the Senate from 1909 to 1913
- Erik Prince (1992), founder and owner of private military company Blackwater USA
- David Pringle (1965), president of Luminys Systems Corp., chief technology officer of Imagility, Inc., winner of two Academy Awards and one Emmy Award for technical achievement[30]
- Wayne Schurr (1959), former Chicago Cubs relief pitcher
- Michael Sessions (2010), former mayor of Hillsdale, Michigan
- James Seward (1964), noted cardiologist of the Mayo Clinic[30]
- Ron Tripp (c. 1975), expert in Sambo and Judo and current general secretary of USA Judo
- Steve Van Andel (1978), chairman of Amway[60]
- Jared Veldheer (2010), lineman for the Oakland Raiders
- Leroy Waterman (1898), archaeologist, scholar, and Biblical translator
- Hans Zeiger (2007), author and representative for the 25th Legislative District of Washington
Notable faculty
Present faculty
- Larry P. Arnn, educator and political scientist[61]
- Michael Bauman, theology[62]
- Allan C. Carlson, historian[63]
- Burton Folsom, economic historian[64]
- Gary L. Wolfram, economist and public policy analyst[65]
Visiting faculty & fellows
- Sir Martin Gilbert, official biographer of Winston Churchill and twentieth century historian[66]
- Victor Davis Hanson, classicist and war historian[66]
- Mark Helprin, novelist and intelligence expert[67]
- Carl F.H. Henry, famous theologian[66]
- Stephen Markman, Chief Justice of the Michigan Supreme Court[68]
- David McCullough, historian[66]
- Madsen Pirie, British researcher, author, and educator[66]
- Mark Steyn, journalist[66]
- Clarence Thomas, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States[66]
Past faculty
- Ransom Dunn, dean and professor emeritus
- Richard Ebeling, Austrian economist[69]
- Russell Kirk, conservative writer
- Frank "Muddy" Waters, College Football Hall of Fame inductee[70]
References
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- ^ "Justice Walter M. French". Temple of Justice. http://templeofjustice.org/justices/past/walter-m-french. Retrieved 2011-04-13.
- ^ Dennis Hevesi (2008-01-26). "Alton G. Marshall, 86, Nelson Rockefeller's Top Aide, Is Dead". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/26/nyregion/26marshall.html. Retrieved 2011-02-26.
- ^ "The Honorable Walter Harper North". University of Michigan Law School. http://www.law.umich.edu/historyandtraditions/students/Pages/ProfilePage.aspx?SID=6134&Year=1899. Retrieved 2011-04-13.
- ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=oh3iAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA146&lpg=PA146&dq=jasper+packard+hillsdale&source=bl&ots=VdqaW39UWK&sig=j4AtpXnS6qiaXDfquNHg_HqxpK8&hl=en&ei=qVW8Tr7eAauI2gWMq62HBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=jasper%20packard%20hillsdale&f=false
- ^ Steve Van Andel: Board of Directors, Alticor, Inc.
- ^ Hillsdale College faculty profile: Larry P. Arnn
- ^ Hillsdale College faculty profile: Michael Bauman
- ^ Hillsdale College faculty profile: Allan Carlson
- ^ Hillsdale College faculty profile: Burton Folsom
- ^ Mackinac Center for Public Policy biography of Gary L. Wolfram
- ^ a b c d e f g Hillsdale College Distinguished Visiting Fellows
- ^ Hillsdale College Department-Sponsored Speakers
- ^ Hillsdale College faculty profile: Stephen J. Markman
- ^ The Future of Freedom Foundation biography of Richard Ebeling
- ^ College Football Hall of Fame Muddy Waters
External links
- Official website
- The Hillsdale Collegian, the campus newspaper
- Imprimis, monthly publication of Hillsdale College
Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference Current members Ashland • Ferris State • Findlay • Grand Valley State • Hillsdale • Lake Erie • Lake Superior State • Michigan Tech • Northern Michigan • Northwood • Ohio Dominican • Saginaw Valley State • Tiffin • Wayne State
Associate members Former members Gannon • Mercyhurst • Oakland • Westminster
Categories:- Liberal arts colleges
- Universities and colleges in Michigan
- Independent colleges
- Educational institutions established in 1844
- Council of Independent Colleges
- North Central Association of Colleges and Schools
- Education in Hillsdale County, Michigan
- Buildings and structures in Hillsdale County, Michigan
- Hillsdale College
- Conservatism in the United States
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