Ilyas Kashmiri

Ilyas Kashmiri
This article is about the Pakistani al-Qaeda militant. For the actor, see Ilyas Kashmiri (actor).
Ilyas Kashmiri
Born 10 February 1964(1964-02-10)
 Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
Died 3 June 2011(2011-06-03) (aged 47)
Pakistan North Waziristan, FATA, Pakistan
Nationality Pakistani

Ilyas Kashmiri, also referred to as Maulana Ilyas Kashmiri[1] and Muhammad Ilyas Kashmiri[2] (10 February 1964[3] – 3 June 2011[4][5]), was a senior al-Qaeda member and leader of the Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami (HUJI)[6] He was also connected with the Soviet-Afghan war, the Kashmir conflict and attacks against India, Pakistan and the United States.[7] In August 2010, the US and the United Nations designated him a terrorist.[8][9] NBC News reported that United States officials had mentioned him as a possible successor to Osama bin Laden as head of al-Qaeda.[10]

Contents

Military career and militant activities

Kashmiri hailed from the Mirpur District[3] of Azad Kashmir in Pakistan-administered Kashmir. According to several sources, he became a member of the elite Pakistani Special Service Group,[7][11][12] although in an interview he denied this.[3] Kashmiri also spent a year studying communications at the Allama Iqbal Open University.[3]

He was an active participant in the 1980s Soviet-Afghan War, training the Afghan mujahideen in mine warfare in Miranshah on behalf of Pakistan.[7] During the fighting he lost an eye and an index finger.[7][13] He continued his militant activities in Kashmir after the war as a member of Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami (HuJI), though disagreements with leader Qari Saifullah Akhtar several years after initially joining in 1991 led Kashmiri to establish his own new unit within HuJI known as the 313 Brigade.[7][14]

During the mid-1990s, Kashmiri and Nasrullah Mansoor Langrial were near Poonch when they were seized by the Indian Army and sent to prison, where he would spend the next two years before escaping and returning to Pakistan.[7] Upon his return Kashmiri continued to conduct operations against India, once reportedly being rewarded personally with Rs. 1,00,000 (US$1,164.24) by then Army Chief General Pervez Musharraf for presenting the decapitated head of an Indian army soldier to him.[7][15] Pictures of Kashmiri with the head of the soldier in his hands were published in some Pakistani newspapers.[15]

Post-Kashmir activities

Kashmiri rejected orders to serve under Maulana Masood Azhar in the newly founded mujahideen organization Jaish-e-Mohammed and was once even targeted by the group.[7] Falling out of favor with the Pakistani military, he was even taken into custody and tortured in late 2003 in the wake of an attempt to assassinate President Musharraf.[7] From his release in February 2004[2] until the 2007 Siege of Lal Masjid he apparently did little, but later returned to the 313 Brigade in the terrorist organization Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami (HUJI), which is closely tied to Al-Qaeda. Kashmiri rebuilt its strength while collaborating with the Taliban. This was part of a broader movement of Kashmir militants moving to Waziristan,[16] and Kashmiri reportedly moved personnel from his Kotli (Kashmir) training camp to a new one in Razmak (North Waziristan).[17] A U.S. indictment of Kashmiri states that he "was in regular contact with al Qaeda [their italics] and in particular with Mustafa Abu al Yazid..."[18]

He has been associated with a number of attacks, including the 2008 Mumbai attacks and the killing of Ameer Faisal Alavi.[7] Syed Saleem Shahzad wrote that Kashmiri proposed the Mumbai attacks to Al Queda leaders as a way to create a war that would bring operations against Al Queda to a halt. The plan was approved and given to former LeT commander Major Haroon Ashik .

According to Asia Times Online, Kashmiri was behind a 2008 plan to assassinate Chief of Army Staff General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani as he stepped out of his car during daily visits to a gym; however, the al-Qaeda leadership rejected the plan on strategic grounds.[19] According to The News International, Kashmiri is accused of organizing the December 2009 Camp Chapman attack against the CIA and the United States was seeking his arrest and extradition.[20]

In early 2010, Kashmiri was reported to be the new leader of al-Qaeda's Lashkar al Zil, or Shadow Army, following the apparent death of its former leader Abdullah Said al Libi by an American drone.[21] Kashmiri was also said to have replaced al-Qaeda military chief for Afghanistan and Pakistan Mustafa Abu al-Yazid after al-Yazid was killed in a drone strike on 21 May 2010. According to journalist Amir Mir, citing Pakistani security sources, Kashmiri was subsequently assigned the role of organizing attacks against Western targets after the regional command was taken by Saif Al-Adel, a former Egyptian army colonel newly released from Iran.[22]

In the wake of the killing of al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden on 2 May 2011 during an American operation in Abbottabad, Pakistan, terrorism analysts put forth Kashmiri's name as one of several possible successors to lead the organization.[23][24][25]

U.S. indictment

On 27 October 2009, a press release from the U.S. Department of Justice named Kashmiri as a conspirator to whom an American citizen from Chicago, David Headley, arrested on terrorism related charges, "allegedly reported and attempted to report". The statement also noted that Kashimiri "issued a statement this month that he was alive and working with al Qaeda".[26] A report on details of the investigation stated that Kashmiri "was in regular contact with Headley for some time and their communications suggested that they were in the process of plotting fresh attacks in India."[27] Headley was reportedly distraught at news of Kashmiri's death, but after receiving confirmation that he was still alive, set off for Pakistan, at which time he was arrested by the FBI.[28]

Kashmiri was officially indicted on two counts, for "conspiracy to murder and maim in Denmark" (against the newspaper Jyllands-Posten) and "conspiracy to provide material support to terrorism in Denmark".[18]

During court testimony on 31 May 2011, Headley indicated that he had conducted preliminary research for Kashmiri in a plot targeting Robert J. Stevens, the CEO of Lockheed-Martin, the defense contractor.[29]

Blacklisted as a terrorist by US and UN

On 6 August 2010 the United States labeled Kashmiri a "Specially Designated Global Terrorist" while the United Nations added him and his group HuJI to its blacklist established under UN Security Council Resolution 1267. The label allows the United States to freeze any of his assets in US jurisdiction and to "prohibit US persons from engaging in any transactions with him." The UN resolution requires UN member states to freeze assets, ban travel and ban the sale of arms to Kashmiri and HuJI.[8][9]

Assassination attempt and reported death in 2009

Kashmiri was reported killed along with Hanifullah Janikhel and Kaleemullah in Machikhel, North Waziristan on 7 September 2009 when they were hit by a missile fired from a U.S. drone.[30] At the time he was reportedly one of the top 10 most wanted militant commanders in Pakistan.[17] However, in mid-October Kashmiri was reported to have survived the airstrike and granted an interview to Asia Times Online's Syed Saleem Shahzad.[31][32] A senior American official was later quoted by The Washington Times as saying "While there were preliminary indications that Kashmiri may have been dead, there is now reason to believe that he could be alive".[33] One rumor among militants asserted that Kashmiri had been outside urinating when the house he was staying at was hit.[34]

Death

On June 3, 2011, a US drone attack targeted a compound in the Ghwakhwa area of South Waziristan, a Taliban stronghold. Nine militants, including Kashmiri, were reportedly killed in the missile strike.[4][5][35] Three other militants were badly injured in the attack.[5] Local officials reported that the militants in the compound were all members of the Punjabi Taliban.[5] Kashmiri had moved to Wana from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 10 days earlier.[5] A spokesman for the Tehrik-i-Taliban stated that Kashmiri was alive and well.[4] However, Lala Wazir, a spokesman for Mullah Nazir, a Taliban commander associated with the owner of the compound which was attacked, confirmed his death.[4][36]

Qari Muhammad Idress, a close aide to Kashmiri and a senior HUJI commander, also claimed he was killed in the drone strike.[37] Kashmiri's death was also confirmed by an e-mail from Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami and by an anonymous Pakistani security official.[38] On July 7, 2011, CNN reported that an unnamed US Intelligence official said US officials were 99% certain Kashmiri was killed but he added "the folks that make that determination aren't ready to say so definitively."[39] Shortly after his death, it was reported that it is alleged that Kashmiri's group had organised the assassination of Christian Pakistan Minister Shahbaz Bhatti[40] and The Telegraph reported based on unnamed Pakistani officials that Kashmiri was organizing a death squad to avenge Osama Bin Laden's death.[41] In mid-July 2011, Dawn reported that Kashmiri is still alive and active in the border areas of Pakistan and Afghanistan.[42][43][44]

On July 30, 2011, the Indian government listed him as one the nation's five most wanted fugitives,[45] indicating that Indian authorities think Kashmiri might still be alive.[45] However, the US State Department's Rewards for Justice Program, which at one at point designated Kashmiri as a wanted terrorist and offered a $5,000,000.00 bounty for information leading to his capture,[46] no longer has him listed as a wanted terrorist.[47] The Al Qaeda also eulogized Kashmiri in the August issue of the Nawai Afghan Jihad magazine.[48] On August 31, 2011, Asia Times Online reported that a well known Taliban commander named Shah Sahib had replaced Kashmiri as commander of the Brigade 313.[49]

References

  1. ^ Shahzad, Syed Saleem (October 2008). "Afghanistan: the neo-Taliban campaign". Le Monde Diplomatique. http://mondediplo.com/2008/10/08neotalibans. Retrieved 2009-09-21. 
  2. ^ a b "Pak frees terrorist leaders". Press Trust of India. The Telegraph. 2004-02-22. http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040223/asp/foreign/story_2926635.asp. Retrieved 2009-09-21. 
  3. ^ a b c d Shahzad, Syed Saleem (2009-10-15). "Al-Qaeda's guerrilla chief lays out strategy". Asia Times Online. http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/KJ15Df03.html. Retrieved 2010-01-07. 
  4. ^ a b c d "Drone strike kills Ilyas Kashmiri". Dawn. 5 June 2011. http://www.dawn.com/2011/06/05/ilyas-kashmiri-killed-in-us-drone-strike.html. Retrieved 5 June 2011. 
  5. ^ a b c d e "Ilyas Kashmiri killed in US drone strike, confirms HuJI". The Times of India. 4 June 2011. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/26/11-mastermind-Ilyas-Kashmiri-killed-in-US-drone-strike-in-Pak-Report/articleshow/8723456.cms. Retrieved 5 June 2011. 
  6. ^ "Leading News Resource of Pakistan". Daily Times. 2011-06-05. http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2011%5C06%5C05%5Cstory_5-6-2011_pg1_1. Retrieved 2011-08-01. 
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Mir, Hamid (2009-09-20). "How an ex-Army commando became a terrorist". The News International. http://www.thenews.com.pk/TodaysPrintDetail.aspx?ID=24626&Cat=13&dt=9/20/2009. Retrieved 2009-09-21. 
  8. ^ a b "US, UN declare Harakat-ul Jihad al-Islami a terrorist group". Google News. AFP. 2010-08-07. http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jxMUvbXPQTz6nO4sm5K_Qs7GEAMg. Retrieved 2010-08-12. 
  9. ^ a b "Designations of Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami (HUJI) and its Leader, Mohammad Ilyas Kashmiri" (Press release). US Department of State. 2010-08-06. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2010/08/145779.htm. Retrieved 2010-08-12. 
  10. ^ "Illyas Kashmiri may succeed Osama: US officials". Dawn. 4 June 2011. http://ibnlive.in.com/news/ilyas-kashmiri-may-succeed-osama-us-officials/151946-2.html. Retrieved 4 June 2011. 
  11. ^ Lisa Curtis (11 March 2010). "Bad company: Lashkar-e-Tayyiba and the growing ambition of Islamist militancy in Pakistan". The Heritage Foundation. http://www.internationalrelations.house.gov/111/cur031110.pdf. "The U.S. Department of Justice indictment that was unsealed on January 14, 2009 names... Ilyas Kashmiri, a former commando with Pakistan’s elite Special Services Group, and now leader of the Harakat-ul-Jihadi-Islami, as the operational commander behind the Mumbai attacks." 
  12. ^ Bill Roggio (13 October 2009). "Ilyas Kashmiri survived last month's airstrike in Pakistan". The Long War Journal. http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2009/10/ilyas_kashmiri_survi.php. "Kashmiri is also a longtime asset of Pakistan's military and intelligence services. He served as a commando in the elite Special Services Group (SSG), Pakistan's special operations unit trained by Britain's Special Air Service. In the early 1990s, Kashmiri was ordered by the military to join the Harkat-ul Jihad Islami, and later he was urged to join the Jaish-e-Mohammed, which he refused to do." 
  13. ^ Sami Yousafzai; Ron Moreau; Christopher Dickey (2010-10-23), "The New Bin Laden", Newsweek, http://www.newsweek.com/2010/10/23/is-ilyas-kashmiri-the-new-bin-laden.html, retrieved 2010-10-25 
  14. ^ Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism (April 2006). "Country Reports on Terrorism 2005". United States Department of State. http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/65462.pdf. Retrieved 2009-09-21. 
  15. ^ a b According to The Indian Express, the man beheaded was Bhausaheb Maruti Talekar (aged 24) of the 17 Maratha Light Infantry posted in the Nowshera sector when attacked on 27 February 2000. Pubby, Manu (2009-09-22). "24-yr-old sepoy was beheaded in 2000 LoC raid". The Indian Express. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/24yrold-sepoy-was-beheaded-in-2000-loc-raid/520047. Retrieved 2009-09-22.  A memorial is to be built in Talekar's memory in Kolgaon, where his parents live. Raghavan, Ranjani (2009-09-23). "Dead sepoy's village doesn't know his killer is killed in Pakistan". The Indian Express. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/dead-sepoys-village-doesnt-know-his-killer-is-killed-in-pakistan/520455/0. Retrieved 2009-09-23. 
  16. ^ Shahzad, Syed Saleem (2008-12-24). "Why Pakistan's military is gun shy". Asia Times Online. http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/JL24Df03.html. Retrieved 2009-09-21. 
  17. ^ a b "Pakistan's Top 10 Militant Commanders". MEMRI. 2009-09-15. http://www.memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=archives&Area=sd&ID=SP253609#_ednref1. Retrieved 2009-09-21. 
  18. ^ a b "United States of America v. Ilyas Kashmiri, et al.". United States District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division. p. 19. http://www.justice.gov/usao/iln/pr/chicago/2010/pr0114_01a.pdf. 
  19. ^ Shahzad, Syed Saleem (2009-05-23). "Al-Qaeda keeps its eyes on Afghanistan". Asia Times Online. http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/KE23Df03.html. Retrieved 2009-09-21. 
  20. ^ Mir, Amir (2010-01-06). "US seeks Harkat chief for Khost CIA attack". The News International. http://www.thenews.com.pk/print1.asp?id=217152. Retrieved 2019-01-06. [dead link]
  21. ^ Roggio, Bill (2010-01-07). "US killed al Qaeda's Lashkar al Zil commander in airstrike". The Long War Journal. http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2010/01/us_killed_al_qaedas.php. Retrieved 2010-01-07. 
  22. ^ Mir, Amir (2010-12-14). "Growing Pakistanisation of al-Qaeda". The News International. http://www.thenews.com.pk/TodaysPrintDetail.aspx?ID=2657&Cat=13. Retrieved 2010-12-14. 
  23. ^ Raj, Yashwant (2011-05-05). "Ilyas Kashmiri ahead in race to lead Qaeda". Hindustan Times. http://www.hindustantimes.com/Ilyas-Kashmiri-ahead-in-race-to-lead-Qaeda/Article1-693964.aspx. Retrieved 2011-05-07. 
  24. ^ Roggio, Bill (2011-05-07). "Will Ilyas Kashmiri slip into Osama's shoes?". The Times of India. http://www.timescrest.com/coverstory/will-ilyas-kashmiri-slip-into-osamas-shoes-5331. Retrieved 2011-05-07. 
  25. ^ Windrem, Robert (2011-05-04). "An American to head al Qaeda?". msnbc.com. http://firstread.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2011/05/04/6583895-an-american-to-head-al-qaeda. Retrieved 2011-05-07. 
  26. ^ "Two Chicago Men Charged in Connection With Alleged Roles in Foreign Terror Plot That Focused on Targets in Denmark". U.S. Department of Justice. Reuters. 2009-10-27. http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS184911+27-Oct-2009+PRN20091027. 
  27. ^ Singh, Vijay V. (2009-11-15). "Headley's coded messages hint at HuJI link: Police". The Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Headleys-coded-messages-hint-at-HuJI-link-Police/articleshow/5231375.cms. Retrieved 2009-11-15. 
  28. ^ "Omar Sheikh's Pak handler Ilyas Kashmiri also handled Headley". Express India. 2009-11-16. http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Omar-Sheikh-s-Pak-handler-Ilyas-Kashmiri-also-handled-Headley/542006. Retrieved 2009-11-16. 
  29. ^ "Headley: Militant had targeted Lockheed Martin". Dawn.com (AFP). 2011-06-01. http://www.dawn.com/2011/06/01/headley-militant-had-targeted-lockheed-martin.html. Retrieved 2011-06-01. 
  30. ^ Rodriguez, Alex; Ali, Zulfiqar (2009-09-18). "Pakistani Al Qaeda leader killed in U.S. strike". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-pakistan-drone18-2009sep18,0,6126079.story. Retrieved 2009-09-21. 
  31. ^ Roggio, Bill (2009-10-13). "Ilyas Kashmiri survived last month's airstrike in Pakistan". The Long War Journal. http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2009/10/ilyas_kashmiri_survi.php. Retrieved 2009-10-13. 
  32. ^ Shahzad, Syed Saleem (2009-10-15). "Al-Qaeda's guerrilla chief lays out strategy". Asia Times Online (Asia Times Online (Holdings), Ltd.). http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/KJ15Df03.html. Retrieved 2011-08-17. 
  33. ^ Lake, Eli (2009-10-15). "'Dead' al Qaeda terrorist surfaces for media". The Washington Times. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2009/oct/15/dead-terrorist-surfaces-for-media/?feat=article_top10_read. Retrieved 2009-10-16. 
  34. ^ Yousafzai, Sami; Moreau, Ron; Dickey, Christopher (2010-10-23). "The New Bin Laden". Newsweek. http://www.newsweek.com/2010/10/23/is-ilyas-kashmiri-the-new-bin-laden.html. Retrieved 2010-10-23. 
  35. ^ US strike 'kills' key Pakistan militant Ilyas Kashmiri, BBC News, 4 June 2011
  36. ^ "Ahmedzai Wazir tribes, Taliban decide to keep ‘peace deal’ intact". Daily Times. 7 June 2011. http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2011%5C06%5C07%5Cstory_7-6-2011_pg1_6. Retrieved 7 June 2011. 
  37. ^ "Ilyas Kashmiri killed in Wana drone attack". Thenews.com.pk. 2011-06-05. http://www.thenews.com.pk/TodaysPrintDetail.aspx?ID=6495&Cat=13&dt=6/5/2011. Retrieved 2011-08-01. 
  38. ^ "Ilyas Kashmiri killed in drone attack". Sydney Morning Herald. 5 June 2011. http://www.smh.com.au/world/ilyas-kashmiri-killed-in-drone-attack-20110605-1fmv6.html. Retrieved 5 June 2011. 
  39. ^ By Tim Lister and Elise Labott, CNN (2011-07-07). "U.S. '99% sure' top terrorist was killed last month - CNN.com". Edition.cnn.com. http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/07/07/us.pakistan.top.terrorist/. Retrieved 2011-07-22. 
  40. ^ "Ilyas Kashmiri Group ‘Plotted the Murder’ Of Federal Minister Shahbaz Bhatti » By Continental News » A dramatic six-page report by the Pakistan Ministry of Interior based on the findings of the Joint Investigation Team JIT probing the assassination of former Federal Minister for Minorities Shahbaz Bhatti has revealed that the Ilyas Kashmiri group had crafted the plan to assassinate Minister Shahbaz Bhatti, that, Bhatti, report, Investigation, Shahbaz". Continental News. http://continentalnews.net/christian-news/ilyas-kashmiri-group-%E2%80%98plotted-the-murder%E2%80%99-of-federal-minister-shahbaz-bhatti-8907.html. Retrieved 2011-07-22. 
  41. ^ Farmer, Ben (2011-06-07). "Al Qaeda leader planned death squad to avenge bin Laden". Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/al-qaeda/8562623/Al-Qaeda-leader-planned-death-squad-to-avenge-bin-Laden.html. Retrieved 2011-07-22. 
  42. ^ "Al Qaeda commander Ilyas Kashmiri is alive: Report". Indo-Asian News Service (NDTV). 16 July 2011. http://www.ndtv.com/article/world/al-qaeda-commander-ilyas-kashmiri-is-alive-report-119736. Retrieved 18 July 2011. 
  43. ^ Jul 22, 2011. "Asia Times Online :: Kashmiri's great escape (reprise)". Atimes.com. http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/MG22Df04.html. Retrieved 2011-07-22. 
  44. ^ "Kashmiri still alive: Report". Hindustan Times. 2011-07-16. http://www.hindustantimes.com/Kashmiri-still-alive-Report/Article1-721767.aspx. Retrieved 2011-07-22. 
  45. ^ a b Amir Mir (2011-7-30). "India to press Pakistan on fugitives". Atimes.com. http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/MG30Df02.html. Retrieved 2011-7-30. 
  46. ^ Office Of The Spokesman (2011-4-6). "Rewards for Justice - Mohammad Ilyas Kashmiri Reward Offer". state.gov. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2011/04/160071.htm. Retrieved 2011-7-30. 
  47. ^ "Rewards for Justice-Wanted_Terrorist - english". Rewardsforjustice.net. http://www.rewardsforjustice.net/index.cfm?page=Wanted_Terrorist&language=english. Retrieved 2011-08-01. 
  48. ^ "Pakistan:Mystery still surrounds fate of Al Qaeda military chief". Adnkronos News. 2011-8-11. http://www.adnkronos.com/IGN/Aki/English/Security/Pakistan-Mystery-still-surrounds-fate-of-Al-Qaeda-military-chief_312342043007.html. Retrieved 2011-8-11. 
  49. ^ Hamza Ameer (2011-8-30). "New leader plans attacks on Pakistan". Asia Times Online. http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/MH31Df01.html. Retrieved 2011-8-31. 
v · d · eal-Qaeda
Leadership
Former leadership
Osama bin Laden (Killed) · Khalid Sheikh Mohammed (Captured) · Anwar al-Awlaki (Killed) · Nasir al-Wuhayshi (Killed) · Younis al-Mauritani (Captured) · Mohammed Atef (Killed) · Fazul Abdullah Mohammed (Killed) · Atiyah Abd al-Rahman (Killed) · Ilyas Kashmiri (Killed) · Mohamed Atta (Killed in 9/11 Attacks) · Khadr family (Captured/Killed) · Samir Khan (Killed)
Attacks
Wars
War in Afghanistan · Iraq War · Yemeni al-Qaeda crackdown · Shi’ite Insurgency in Yemen · Somali Civil War · War in North-West Pakistan (Drone attacks) · Insurgency in the Maghreb · South Yemen insurgency
Affiliates
Conspiracy/Propaganda
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v · d · eWar on Terror (according to USA, European Union and NATO)
Participants
Operational
Targets
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War in Afghanistan · OEF – Philippines · Georgia Train and Equip Program · Georgia Sustainment and Stability · OEF – Horn of Africa · OEF – Trans Sahara · Drone attacks in Pakistan
Other
See also

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