Neural plate

Neural plate
Neural plate
Neural Crest.png
Neural Crest
Latin lamina neuralis
Carnegie stage 9
Days 19
Precursor ectoderm
Gives rise to neural folds
Code TE E5.13.1.0.1.0.1

In human embryology, formation of neural plate is the first step of neurulation. It is created by a flat thickening opposite to the primitive streak of the ectoderm.

Development

During the stage of neural plate formation the embryo consists of three cell layers: the previously mentioned ectoderm that eventually forms the skin and neural tissues, the mesoderm that forms muscle and bone, and the endoderm that will form the cells lining the digestive and respiratory tract. The progenitor cells that make up the precursors to neural tissues in the neural plate are called neuroepithelial cells. BMP-4 is a transforming growth factor that causes the cells of the ectoderm to differentiate into skin cells.

Without BMP-4 the ectoderm cells would automatically develop into neural cells. Axial mesoderm cells under the ectoderm secrete inhibitory signals called chordin, noggin and follistatin. These inhibitory signals inhibit BMP-4 and as a result cause the overlying cells of the ectoderm to develop into neural cells. The cells in the ectoderm that circumvent these neural cells do not receive the BMP-4 inhibitor signals and as a result BMP-4 induces these cells to develop into skin cells.[1]

As the neural plate develops, it becomes surrounded by neural folds, which eventually create the cylindrical neural tube. This process is termed primary neurulation.

External links

References

  1. ^ Paul A. Wilson, Giorgio Lagna, Atsushi Suzuki and Ali Hemmati-Brivanlou. Concentration-dependent patterning of the Xenopus ectoderm by BMP4 and its signal transducer Smad1. Development: The Company of Biologists Limited 124, Great Britain. 1997. pg 3177-3184


This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained within it may be outdated.

v · d · ePrenatal development/Mammalian development of nervous system (GA 9.733 and GA 10.1002, TE E5.13-16)
Neurogenesis
Cranial neural crest (Cardiac neural crest complex) · Truncal neural crest
Eye development
Auditory development
note: NS is mostly ectoderm, but mesoderm is precursor for epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium

M: CNS

anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)

M: EYE

anat(g/a/p)/phys/devp/prot

noco/cong/tumr, epon

proc, drug(S1A/1E/1F/1L)

M: EAR

anat(e/p)/phys/devp

noco/cong, epon

proc, drug(S2)

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Look at other dictionaries:

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  • neural plate — A region of embryonic ectodermal cells, called neuroectoderm, that lie directly above the notochord. During neurulation, they change shape, so as to produce an infolding of the neural plate (the neural fold) that then seals to form the neural… …   Dictionary of molecular biology

  • neural plate — noun Date: 1888 a thickened plate of ectoderm along the dorsal midline of the early vertebrate embryo that gives rise to the neural tube and neural crests …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • neural plate — the strip of ectoderm lying along the central axis of the early embryo that forms the neural tube and subsequently the central nervous system …   The new mediacal dictionary

  • neural plate — thickened epithelium forming the earliest dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system …   Dictionary of ichthyology

  • neural plate — noun a thick, flat bundle of ectoderm formed in vertebrate embryos after induction by the notochord …   Wiktionary

  • Neural crest — The formation of neural crest during the process of neurulation. Neural crest is first induced in the region of the neural plate border. After neural tube closure, neural crest delaminates from the region between the dorsal neural tube and… …   Wikipedia

  • Neural development — comprises the processes that generate, shape, and reshape the nervous system, from the earliest stages of embryogenesis to the final years of life. The study of neural development aims to describe the cellular basis of brain development and to… …   Wikipedia

  • Neural tube — Transverse section of half of a chick embryo of forty five hours incubation. The dorsal (back) surface of the embryo is towards the top of this page, while the ventral (front) surface is towards the bottom. (Neural tube is in green.) …   Wikipedia

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