`Abd Allah ibn `Abbas

`Abdullah ibn `Abbas
Title	Hibr-ul-Ummah
Born	618–619 CE[1]
Died	687[2]
Region	Muslim scholar
Main interests	Qur'an and Sunnah, Hadith and Tafsir[1]
Influences	Muhammad,[1] Ali ibn Abi Talib
Influenced	Umar [1] Ata ibn Abi Rabah[3] Wahb ibn Munabbih [4] Tawus ibn Kaysan [5] Al-Rabi ibn Khuthaym [6] Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr[7]

Part of a series on the Muslim scholars – a sub-group of Muslims

1st millennium AH

1st century AH: (622 – 719 CE) Ubay ibn Ka'b (d. 22) Umar (-40 – 23) Ibn Mas'ud (d. 32) Ka'ab al-Ahbar (d. 32) Wahb ibn Munabbih (d. 34) Ali (-23 – 40) Abdullah ibn Salam (d. 43) Ahmad ibn Tawoos (d. 53?) Abu Hurairah (d. 57) Masruq ibn al-Ajda' (d. 62?) Alqama ibn Qays (d. 62?) Ibn Abbas (-3 – 68) Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali (-16 – 69) Sulaym ibn Qays (d. 70) Ibn Umar (-8? – 74) Al-Aswad ibn Yazid (d. 75) Ma'bad al-Juhani (d. 80) Sahl ibn Sa'd (d. 91) Urwah ibn Zubayr (d. 94) Said ibn Al-Musayyib (d. 94) Raja ibn Haywah Ali ibn Abi Talha Uqbah ibn Amir 2nd century AH: (719 – 816 CE) 3rd century AH: (816 – 913 CE) 4th century AH: (913 – 1010 CE) 5th century AH: (1010 – 1107 CE) 6th century AH: (1107 – 1204 CE) 7th century AH: (1204 – 1301 CE) 8th century AH: (1301 – 1398 CE) 9th century AH: (1398 – 1495 CE) 10th century AH: (1495 – 1592 CE)

2nd millennium AH

This box: view · Arabic: عبد الله ابن عباس‎) was a paternal cousin of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He is revered by Muslims for his knowledge and was an expert in Tafsir (exegesis of the Qur'an), as well as an authority on the Islamic Sunnah. Biography Family He was the son of a wealthy merchant, `Abbas ibn `Abd al-Muttalib, thus he was called "Ibn Abbas", "the son of Abbas". The mother of Ibn Abbas was Umm al-Fadl Lubaba, who prided herself with being the second woman who converted to Islam, on the same day as her close friend Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, Prophet Muhammad's wife.[8] The father of Ibn Abbas and the father of Prophet Muhammad were both the sons of the same person, Shaiba ibn Hashim, better known as ‘Abdu’l-Muṭṭalib. That persons father was Hashim ibn Abd Manaf, the progenitor of the Banu Hashim clan of the distinguished Quraish tribe in Mecca. 610 – 632: Muhammad's era Ibn Abbas was born in 3 BH (618–619 CE) and his mother took him to Muhammad before he had begun to suckle. Muhammad put some of his saliva on the newborn's tongue, and that was the beginning of the close relationship between those two.[1] While growing up, he was by Muhammad's side doing different services like fetching water for ablution (Arabic: wudu). He would pray (Arabic: salat) with Muhammad and follow him on his assemblies, journeys and expeditions. Muhammad would often draw him close, pat him on the shoulder and pray, "O God! Teach him (the knowledge of) the Book ",[9] and Ibn Abbas devoted his life to the pursuit of learning and knowledge. Ibn Abbas kept following Muhammad, memorizing and learning his teaching.[1] Muhammad's statement Main article: Hadith of the pen and paper In 10 AH (631–632), Muhammad fell into his last illness. During this period, the Hadith of the pen and paper was reported, with Ibn Abbas as the first level narrator, at that time being ten to fifteen years old.[10] Ibn Abbas used to say, "No doubt, it was a great disaster that Allah's Apostle was prevented from writing for them that writing because of their differences and noise." [11] Days after that, Ibn Abbas and Ali supported Muhammad's weight on their shoulder, as Muhammad was too weak to walk around on his own accord.[12] 632 – 634: Abu Bakr's era Inheritance from Muhammad Main article: Hadith of Muhammad's inheritance After Abu Bakr came into power, Ibn Abbas and his father were among them who unsuccessfully requested their part of Muhammad's inheritance, since Abu Bakr said that he heard Muhammad say that prophets do not leave inheritance. Continued education After Muhammad's era, he continued to collect and learn Muhammad's teaching from Muhammad's companions (Arabic: Sahaba), specially those who knew him the longest. He would consult multiple Sahaba to confirm narrations, and would go to as many as thirty Companions to verify a single matter.[1] Once he heard that a Sahaba knew a hadith unknown to him. A narration attributed to `Abd Allah ibn `Abbas reports: “ ...I went to him during the time of the afternoon siesta and spread my cloak in front of his door. The wind blew dust on me (as I sat waiting for him). If I wished I could have sought his permission to enter and he would certainly have given me permission. But I preferred to wait on him so that he could be completely refreshed. Coming out of his house and seeing me in that condition he said, 'O cousin of the Prophet! What's the matter with you? If you had sent for me I would have come to you.' 'I am the one who should come to you, for knowledge is sought, it does not just come,' I said. I asked him about the hadith and learnt from him.[1] ” Ibn Abbas was not content just to accumulate knowledge, but due to a sense of duty to the ummah, he educated those in search knowledge and the general masses of his community. He turned to teaching and his house became the equivalent of a university in the full sense of the word, with specialized teaching and with him as the only teacher.[1] One of his companions described a typical scene in front of his house: I saw people converging on the roads leading to his house until there was hardly any room in front of his house. I went in and told him about the crowds of people at his door and he said: 'Get me water for wudu.' He performed wudu and, seating himself, said: 'Go out and say to them: Whoever wants to ask about the Quran and its letters (pronunciation) let him enter.' This I did and people entered until the house was filled. Whatever he was asked, Abdullah was able to elucidate and even provide additional information to what was asked. Then (to his students) he said: 'Make way for your brothers.' Then to me he said: 'Go out and say: Who wants to ask about the Quran and its interpretation, let him enter'. Again the house was filled and Abdullah elucidated and provided more information than what was requested.[1] He held classes on one single subject each day, classes on issues such as tafsir, fiqh, halal and Haraam, ghazawa, poetry, Arab history before Islam, inheritance laws, Arabic language and etymology.[1] 634 – 644: Umar's era Advising Umar Umar often sought the advice Ibn Abbas on important matters of state and described him as a "young man of maturity" [1]: A narration attributed to `Abd Allah ibn `Abbas reports: “ Umar used to make me sit with the elderly men who had fought in the battle of Badr. Some of them (Abd-al-Rahman ibn Awf [13]) felt it (did not like that) and said to Umar: "Why do you bring in this boy to sit with us, while we have sons like him?" Umar replied "Because of what you know of his position" (i.e. his religious knowledge). One day Umar called me and made me sit in the gathering of those people, and I think that he called me just to show them (my religious knowledge). 'Umar then asked them in my presence: 'What do you say about the interpretation of the statement of Allah'. When comes help of God, and the conquest... Some of them said: "We are ordered to praise God and ask for His forgiveness, when God's help and the conquest comes to us". Some others kept quiet and did not say anything. On that Umar asked me: "Do you say the same, O Ibn Abbas?" I replied: "No". He said: "What do you say then?" I replied: "That is the sign of the death of Prophet Muhammad, which God informed him of. God said: (O Muhammad) when comes the help of God (to you against your enemies) and the conquest (which is the sign of your death) – you should celebrate the praises of your Lord and ask for His forgiveness, and He is the One who accepts the repentance and forgives". On that Umar said: "I do not know anything about it other than what you have said". ” Sunnis tend to view this as Sahih and have included it in Sahih Bukhari [14] The Sahaba Sa`ad ibn Abi Waqqas said: I have never seen someone who was quicker in understanding, who had more knowledge and greater wisdom than Ibn Abbas. I have seen Umar summon him to discuss difficult problems in the presence of veterans of Badr from among the Muhajirin and Ansar. Ibn Abbas would speak and Umar would not disregard what he had to say.[1] 656 – 661: Ali's era Battle of Siffin Main article: Battle of Siffin Ibn Abbas remained a staunch supporter of the final Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib, during Ali's war with Muawiyah, including at the Battle of Siffin. A large group of Ali's armies were discontent with the conclusion of that arbitration, and broke off into a separate group. Ibn Abbas played a key role in convincing a large number of them to return to Ali, 20,000 of 24,000 according to some sources. He did so using his knowledge of Muhammed's biography, in particular, the events of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah.[1] 680 – 683: Yazid's era Sunnis believe that ibn Abbas was for the unity of the Muslims and hence did not revolt against rulers. He advised Husayn ibn Ali against his proposed expedition to Kufa that ended at Karbala. Shias contend that due to coercion and duress he gave an oath of allegiance to Yazid, using Taqiyya. 683 – 684: Muawiya II's era 684 – 685: Marwan's era 685 – 688: Abd al-Malik's era Ibn al-Zubayr and Mut'ah Main article: Hadith of Ibn al-Zubayr and Mut'ah Ibn Abbas became blind during his last years, and Abd-Allah ibn al-Zubayr sought to mock him in a gathering by stating "some people's hearts are blind like their eyes, since they deem Mut'ah to be permissible". Ibn Abbas rejected his words. Book: Tafseer Al Mazhari 1 / 731 Author: Muhammad Tanullah Ottomani Al Mazhari Muslim narrate from Orwa ibn al-Zubayr that Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr was in Mecca, said: God blind the hearts of people as blinded their eyes, giving advisory opinion he means a man :Ibn Abbas, he was blind in his life, called Ibn Abbas and said: you are impolite, I swear that Mutha was doing at the time of Messenger of Allah peace be upon him said to him, Ibn al-Zubayr try yourself, I swear if you do I will must pelt you with stones, Ibn Abi Amra Ansari, it was a license in the beginning of Islam, for who was compelled, like dead meat, blood and pork and then God ordered and ban it, Al-Bayhaqi report from Al Zohri and said:, Ibn Abbas did not die until he returned for his fatwa of permitting of Mutha, as well as said Abu Awana in his Saheeh, Part 2 Section 2 , p. 77 الاستماع قراءة صوتية للكلمات تقييم الترجمة by dr muhammad usman arif dogar Hadith transmitted by him Ibn Abbas narrated that the Prophet said, "Two favors are treated unjustly by most people: health and free time." from Sahih Bukhari, at-Tirmidhi, ibn Majah and Al-Nasa'i Ibn Abbas reported: The Messenger of Allah said, "He who does not memorize any part from the Qur'an he is like the ruined house. from Tirmidhi On the authority of Ibn Abbas, who said, "One day I was behind (i.e. riding behind him on the same mount) the Prophet and he said to me: 'Young man, I shall teach you some words (of advice). Be mindful of Allah, and Allah will protect you. Be mindful of Allah, and you will find Him in front of you. If you ask, ask of Allah; if you seek help, seek help of Allah. Know that if the nation were to gather together to benefit you with anything, it would benefit you only with something that Allah had already prescribed for you, and if they gather together to harm you with anything, they would harm you only with something Allah had already prescribed for you. Then pens have been lifted and the pages have dried. from Tirmidhi, who said it was a good and sound hadith Al Hakim records on the authority of ibn Abbas that the Prophet advanced, carrying upon his neck Hassan ibn Ali, and a man met him and said, 'an excellent steed thou ridest, lad!'. The Messengerof Allah replied, 'and he is an excellent rider.' Legacy As `Abd-Allah's knowledge grew, he grew in stature. Masruq ibn al Ajda said of him: Whenever I saw Ibn Abbas, I would say: He is the most handsome of men. When he spoke, I would say: He is the most eloquent of men. And when he held a conversation, I would say: He is the most knowledgeable of men." [1] He had a son named Ali ibn Abdullah who died in 118 AH. From Ibn Abbas' lineage came the Abbasid dynasty, which replaced the Umayyad dynasty. Ibn Abbas is highly respected by both Shia and Sunnis, although Shia suffered severe persecution during the Abbasid Dynasty. Views Ibn Abbas viewed that Tafsir can be divided in four categories [15]: The category the Arabs knew because of its language Those of ignorance, of which no one will be excused Those the scholars know Those no one knows except God (Arabic: الله‎ Allāh) Works Students and intellectual heirs Among his students were: Mujahid ibn Jabr (d. 104H), his heir in Tafsir. Al-Rabi ibn Khuthaym (d.ca 682) [6] Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr, died in 108 AH [7] or 106 AH. Ata ibn Abi Rabah,[3] died 114 AH or 115 AH Tawus ibn Kaysan, became a student of Ali ibn Hussayn after Ibn Abbas, died 106 AH (724–725)[5] Wahb ibn Munabbih,[4] died sometime between 725 CE to 737 CE. Sunni view Sunni view him as the most knowledgeable of the Companions in tafsir.[2] A book entitled Tanwir al-Miqbas min Tafsir Ibn Abbas is tafsir, all explanations of which may go back to Ibn Abbas.[1] Of all narrations transmitted by Ibn Abbas, 1660 were considered authentic (Arabic: Sahih) by the authors of the two Sahihs.[1][16] Regarding Ibn Abbas giving verdicts (Arabic: fatwa) in favor of Nikah Mut'ah, most Sunnis view that Ali corrected him on the matter, while other view that "Ibn Abbas position on the permissibility of Mut'ah until his last day is proven" per the Hadith of Ibn al-Zubayr and Mut'ah.[17] Sunnis describe thus: ... the courageous Abdullah showed that he preferred peace above war, and logic against force and violence. However, he was not only known for his courage, his perceptive thought and his vast knowledge. He was also known for his great generosity and hospitality. Some of his contemporaries said of his household: "We have not seen a house with more food or drink or fruit or knowledge than the house of Ibn Abbas." He had a genuine and abiding concern for people. He was thoughtful and caring. He once said: "When I realize the importance of a verse of God's Book, I would wish that all people should know what I know. "When I hear of a Muslim ruler who deals equitably and rules justly, I am happy on his account and I pray for him... "When I hear of rains that fall on the land of Muslims, that fills me with happiness..." Abdullah ibn Abbas was constant in his devotions. He kept voluntary fasts regularly and often stayed up at night in Prayer. He would weep while praying and reading the Quran. And when reciting verses dealing with death, resurrection and the life hereafter his voice would be heavy from deep sobbing.[1] Shi'a view Shi'a view Ibn Abbas as one of the better Sahaba, but not reaching the top ranks that was held by Sahaba such as Ammar ibn Yasir. See also List of Islamic scholars Sunni view of the Sahaba References ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r biography on the MSA West Compendium of Muslim Texts ^ a b Ibn 'Abbas ^ a b http://people.uncw.edu/bergh/par246/L21RHadithCriticism.htm ^ a b Jewish Encyclopedia [1] ^ a b Media Monitors Network, A Few Comments on Tafsir of the Quran, Habib Siddiqui October 2004 ^ a b Mashahir, 99-Too; Ghaya, 1. 283; Abu Nu`aym, II. 105-19; Kashif, I. 235; Ibn Marthad 41-3 ^ a b usulgloss2 ^ Marriage to a 'past': Parents should not reject a proposal without a good reason – and being a revert with a past is not an acceptable one ^ Sahih al-Bukhari, 9:92:375 ^ Regarding Omar's Refusal to Give the Prophet a Pen to Write his Will!!! ^ Sahih al-Bukhari, 1:3:114 ^ Sahih al-Bukhari, 1:4:197, 1:11:634, 3:47:761,5:59:727 ^ Sahih al-Bukhari, 4:56:821 ^ Bukhari, Vl, No. 494 ^ Interpreting The Text ^ Reliance of the Traveller by Ahmad al-Misr, (A Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law), translated by Nuh Ha Mim Keller, published by Amana publications, Beltsville, Maryland, USA 1991 ^ Fatih al-Qadir by Muhammad ash-Shawkani, Sharh Hidaya Volume 3 p. 51 External links http://www.youngmuslims.ca/online_library/books/ulum_al_quran/Ch6S1s7s4.htm view hadith by Abdullah Ibn Abbas Collected By Bukhari Wikimedia Foundation. 2010. 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Save the Newchurch Guinea Pigs Langmuir Look at other dictionaries: 'Abd Allah ibn 'Abbas — ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbbās ‏عبد الله بن عبّاس ‎ / ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās; * 619 in aš Šiʿb asch Schi b / ‏الشعب ‎ bei Mekka; † um 688 in Taif,Taif / ‏الطائف ‎ / aṭ Ṭāʾif heute Saudi Arabien), im Überlieferungswesen im allgemeinen als Ibn ʿAbbās zitiert …   Deutsch Wikipedia Abd Allah ibn Abbas — ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbbās ‏عبد الله بن عبّاس ‎ / ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās; * 619 in aš Šiʿb asch Schi b / ‏الشعب ‎ bei Mekka; † um 688 in Taif,Taif / ‏الطائف ‎ / aṭ Ṭāʾif heute Saudi Arabien), im Überlieferungswesen im allgemeinen als Ibn ʿAbbās zitiert …   Deutsch Wikipedia ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbbās — ‏عبد الله بن عبّاس ‎ / ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās; * 619 in aš Šiʿb asch Schi b / ‏الشعب ‎ bei Mekka; † um 688 in Taif,Taif / ‏الطائف ‎ / aṭ Ṭāʾif heute Saudi Arabien), im Überlieferungswesen im allgemeinen als …   Deutsch Wikipedia Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr — Abd Allah al Zubayr or ibn Zubayr (Arabic: عبد الله بن الزبير‎ ‘Abdallāh ibn az Zubayr; 624 692) was an Arab sahabi whose father was Zubayr ibn al Awwam, and whose mother was Asma bint Abi Bakr, daughter of the first Caliph Abu Bakr. He was the… …   Wikipedia `Abd Allah ibn Rawahah — ‘Abdullah ibn Rawahah ibn Tha‘labah (Arabic: عبدالله ابن رواحة‎) was one of the companions of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. Biography Ibn Rawahah was from the Arabian tribe, the Banu Khazraj.[1] At a time when writing was not a common skill he… …   Wikipedia `Abd Allah ibn `Umar — Born 614CE Died 74 AH (693) Region Muslim scholar Main interests hadith and Fiqh …   Wikipedia Abd Allāh ibn al-ʿAbbāsʿ — ▪ Companion of Muḥammad also called  Ibn Abbās , byname  Al ḥibr (“the Doctor”) , or  Al baḥr (“the Sea”)  born c. 619 died 687/688, aṭ Ṭāʾif, Arabia       a Companion of the prophet Muḥammad, one of the greatest scholars of early Islām, and the… …   Universalium Abu-l-Qâsim Muhammad Ibn `Abd Allâh Ibn `Abd Al-Muttalib Ibn Hâshim — Mahomet Religion religions abrahamiques …   Wikipédia en Français Abū ‘Alī al-Husayn ibn ‘Abd Allāh ibn Sīnā — Avicenne Avicenne (nom latinisé) Philosophe persan Moyen Âge Naissance : 7 août 980 (Boukhara, actuel …   Wikipédia en Français Abū Dschaʿfar ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muhammad ibn ʿAlī al-Mansūr — Abu Dschafar Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Ali al Mansur (arabisch ‏ابو جعفر عبد الله بن محمد بن علي المنصور‎, DMG Abū Ǧaʿfar ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al Manṣūr) (* ca. 709–713; † Oktober 775) war der zweite Kalif der Abbasiden (754–775).… …   Deutsch Wikipedia 18+ © Academic, 2000-2024 Contact us: Technical Support, Advertising Dictionaries export, created on PHP, Joomla, Drupal, WordPress, MODx. 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