The Golden Compass (film)

The Golden Compass
Theatrical release poster
Directed by	Chris Weitz
Produced by	Deborah Forte Bill Carraro Nikolas Korda Robert Shaye Michael Lynne Mark Ordesky Toby Emmerich Ileen Maisel Paul Weitz Andrew Miano
Screenplay by	Chris Weitz
Based on	Northern Lights by Philip Pullman
Starring	Dakota Blue Richards Freddie Highmore Nicole Kidman Daniel Craig Sam Elliott Eva Green Jim Carter Tom Courtenay Ian McKellen Ian McShane Ben Walker
Music by	Alexandre Desplat
Cinematography	Henry Braham
Editing by	Anne V. Coates Peter Honess Kevin Tent
Studio	New Line Cinema Scholastic Productions Depth of Field Ingenious Film Partners Rhythm and Hues
Distributed by	New Line Cinema (US) Entertainment Film Distributors (UK)
Release date(s)	November 27, 2007 (2007-11-27) (London, premiere) December 5, 2007 (2007-12-05) (United Kingdom) December 7, 2007 (2007-12-07) (United States)
Running time	113 minutes
Country	United States United Kingdom
Language	English Icelandic Russian French
Budget	$180 million
Box office	$372,234,864[1]

The Golden Compass is a 2007 fantasy-adventure film based on Northern Lights (published as The Golden Compass in the U.S.), the first novel in Philip Pullman's trilogy His Dark Materials. The film was released on December 7, 2007 by New Line Cinema. Directed by Chris Weitz, it stars Dakota Blue Richards, Nicole Kidman, Daniel Craig, Eva Green, Sam Elliot, Ian McKellen, Ben Walker and Freddie Highmore. The project was announced in February 2002, following the success of recent adaptations of other fantasy epics, but troubles over the script and the selection of a director caused significant delays. At US$180 million, it was one of New Line's most expensive projects ever,^[2] and its middling success in the US contributed to New Line's February 2008 restructuring.^[3]

The story depicts the adventures of Lyra Belacqua, an orphan living in a parallel universe on a world that looks much like our own. In Lyra's world, a dogmatic ruling power called the Magisterium is conspiring to end tolerance and free inquiry. Poor, orphan and Gyptian children are disappearing at the hands of a group the kids call the Gobblers. Lyra discovers that Mrs. Coulter is running the Gobblers. Rescued by the Gyptians, Lyra joins them on a trip to the far north in search of the missing children.

Before its release, the film received criticism from secularist organisations and fans of His Dark Materials for the dilution of the religious elements from the novels, as well as from some religious organisations for the source material's anti-Catholic themes. The studio ordered significant changes late in post-production, which Weitz later called a "terrible" experience.^[4] Although the film's visual effects (which Weitz has called the film's "most successful element") won both an Academy Award and a BAFTA, critical reception was mixed.

Plot

The film is set in a world where a person's soul resides outside their body in an animal-like form called a Dæmon. A dictatorial organization called the Magisterium exercises power in the secular world. Lyra Belacqua, an orphan of Jordan College along with her dæmon Pantalaimon (nicknamed Pan), spins tales of the Gobblers, who she and her friends believe are snatching children.

Forced to hide in a closet, Lyra learns that her uncle Lord Asriel is about to present a proposal to the master and scholars of Jordan College. She watches as a Magisterium official pours powder into a flask of her uncle's favorite Tokay wine. Left alone in the room, Asriel pours a glass of Tokay, but Lyra rushes out and knocks the glass out of his hand. Asriel later presents evidence that particles called "Dust" exist. Over the objections of the Magisterium, the college funds Asriel's expedition to the far north to investigate the Dust. He believes it originates in a parallel universe and enters a person's body via their dæmon. The Magisterium has secretly been experimenting on children to discover a way to inoculate them against its influences.

At dinner Lyra meets Mrs. Coulter, who insists on taking Lyra north as her assistant. Before Lyra leaves, the master of the college entrusts her with the only remaining alethiometer (the film's titular Golden Compass). This device, he tells her, reveals the truth. The Magisterium has destroyed all the others; he warns her to tell no one she has it. Lyra accepts the gift, promising to keep it hidden.

At Mrs. Coulter's house, Lyra mentions 'space dust'. Mrs. Coulter warns her never to mention it again. Lyra refuses to remove her shoulder bag because it holds the golden compass. Mrs. Coulter's dæmon attacks Pan, causing Lyra to give in. After hiding the compass under her pillow, Lyra and Pan search Mrs. Coulter's secret room, where they discover that Mrs. Coulter is head of the General Oblation Board, the "Gobblers", who have been kidnapping local children. She also discovers that her best friend Roger and her Gyptian friend Billy have been taken by the Gobblers.

Hearing Mrs. Coulter call out for her, Lyra and Pan meet her in a hallway. Running to her bedroom, they see Mrs. Coulter's dæmon holding the alethiometer. Changing into a hawk, Pan swoops down, grabs the golden compass, and flies out an open window. Lyra escapes behind him, slamming the window on Mrs. Coulter's dæmon. The "Gobblers" pursue her, but she is saved by some Gyptians. Aboard a Gyptian boat heading north to rescue their children, Lyra shows the alethiometer to a Gyptian wise man, Farder Coram, who advises her in its use. On deck that night Serafina Pekkala, the witch queen, tells Lyra that the missing children are in a place called Bolvangar — a place shunned by all living things. Mrs. Coulter sends two mechanical spy flies after Lyra and Pan; one is batted away but the other is caught and sealed in a tin can by Farder Coram, who explains that the spy fly has a sting with a sleeping poison.

At a Norwegian port, Lyra is befriended by a cowboy aeronaut named Lee Scoresby, who advises her to hire an armoured bear. Exiled in shame, the giant polar bear Iorek Byrnison has been tricked out of his armour by the local townspeople, for whom he now performs menial jobs for buckets of whisky. Using the alethiometer Lyra tells Iorek where to find his armour. Armoured again, the fearsome Iorek and his friend Lee Scoresby join the trek northward.

That night while riding on Iorek's back, Lyra finds a cowering Billy separated from his dæmon. Lyra reunites Billy with his mother just as the group is attacked by Samoyeds who capture Lyra. Taken to the armoured bear king Ragnar, Lyra tricks him into fighting Iorek one on one. After killing Ragnar, King Iorek carries Lyra near Bolvangar, to a thin ice bridge. Reaching the station, Lyra is taken to eat with the missing children. While hiding again Lyra discovers that the Magisterium scientists, under the guidance of Mrs. Coulter, are performing experiments to sever the bond between a child and their dæmon in a process known as intercision. Caught spying, Lyra and Pan are thrown in the intercision chamber, causing them to scream in agony and eventually faint. Mrs. Coulter rescues Lyra and takes her and Pan to her quarters.

When Lyra wakes up she is comforted by Mrs. Coulter, who tells Lyra that she is her mother. Lyra then guesses that Lord Asriel is her father. When Mrs. Coulter asks for the compass, Lyra gives her the can containing the spy fly. The spy fly stings Mrs. Coulter, knocking her and her daemon out. Lyra runs to the room with the intercision machine and toggles the switches and dials wide open. The growing chain reaction builds as Lyra yanks a control box loose and hurls it into the intercision machine, causing it to explode. This sets off a series of explosions that tear the facility apart. As alarms whoop, Mrs. Coulter is found and carried outside.

Outside, the children are attacked by Tartar mercenaries and their wolf dæmons. The battle is joined by Iorek, the Gyptians, and a band of flying witches led by Serafina Pekkela. The Tartars are defeated and the children are rescued. Rather than returning south, Lyra, Roger and Iorek fly north with Lee Scoresby in search of Lord Asriel.

Unaware that he is in mortal danger, Lord Asriel has set up a laboratory to investigate the glowing Dust from another world, but Lyra is certain that, once she delivers the alethiometer to her father, the two of them will be able to make things right.

Cast

Lyra (Richards) with Pantalaimon (cat form, voiced by Freddie Highmore) and Mrs. Coulter (Kidman) with her "Golden Monkey" dæmon. Scene filmed in the grand hall of Hedsor House, Buckinghamshire, UK.

• Dakota Blue Richards as Lyra Belacqua, who embarks on a voyage to battle the forces of evil and rescue her best friend. New Line Cinema announced 12-year-old Richards' casting in June 2006. She had attended an open audition after watching a stage production of His Dark Materials,^[5] and was picked from 10,000 girls who auditioned, for what was her first acting role.^[6]
• Nicole Kidman as Mrs. Coulter, the main antagonist of the film, an influential woman who takes an interest in Lyra (and later admits that she is Lyra's mother). Kidman was author Philip Pullman's preferred choice for the role ten years before production of the film,^[7] and despite initially rejecting the offer to star as she did not want to play a villain, she signed on after receiving a personal letter from Pullman.^[8]
• Daniel Craig as Lord Asriel, Lyra's strict and mysterious adventurer uncle (later revealed to be her father). In July 2006, it was reported that Paul Bettany was in talks to play the role.^[9]
• Ian McKellen as the voice of Iorek Byrnison, a panserbjørn (armored bear) who becomes Lyra's friend and comrade. Nonso Anozie had recorded lines for the part of Iorek Byrnison, but was replaced by McKellen at a late stage as New Line wanted a bigger name in the role.^[10] New Line president of production Toby Emmerich admitted he "never thought Anozie sounded like Iorek" and while he initially trusted director Weitz's casting decision, he "never stopped thinking that this guy didn't sound right." The recasting was against Weitz's wishes, though he later said "if you're going to have anyone recast in your movie, you're happy it's Ian McKellen."^[5]
• Ian McShane as the voice of Ragnar Sturlusson, king of the panserbjørner. Ragnar's name in the book was Iofur Raknison, but the name was changed to prevent confusion between him and Iorek.^[11] However, in the German language version of the film, the dialogue retains the name 'Iofur Raknison', whilst the subtitles reflect the change.
• Sam Elliott as Lee Scoresby, a Texan aeronaut who comes to Lyra's aid. Pullman has singled out Elliott's performance as one the film got "just right".^[12]
• Eva Green as Serafina Pekkala, a witch queen. In, an interview, Green has described her character and her looks: "I wanted to look a bit like from the Waterhouse painting. You know, quite pre-Raphaelite. And also she's barefoot, quite ethereal, and the material's quite translucent and see-through, because witches don't feel the cold. If they were going to wear heavy clothing it would prevent them from sensing the world around them. They're very close to nature."^[13]
• Freddie Highmore as the voice of Pantalaimon, Lyra's dæmon. Pan was originally to be voiced by an older actor, but they called in Highmore instead, as it would be more of an intimate relationship if Pan and Lyra were the same age, and also would underscore the contrast between Lyra's relationship with him versus her relationships with older male characters such as Lord Asriel, Lee Scoresby, and Iorek.
• Ben Walker as Roger Parslow, Lyra's best friend, who is kidnapped and taken north.
• Clare Higgins as Ma Costa, member of a Gyptian family that aids Lyra.
• Jim Carter as John Faa, the king of the Gyptians.
• Tom Courtenay as Farder Coram, Gyptian second-in-command and advisor to John Faa.
• Kathy Bates as the voice of Hester, Lee Scoresby's dæmon.
• Kristin Scott Thomas as the voice of Stelmaria, Lord Asriel's dæmon.
• Jack Shepherd as master of Jordan College.
• Simon McBurney as Fra Pavel
• Magda Szubanski as Mrs. Lonsdale
• Christopher Lee as the Magisterium's first high councilor. Lee's casting was also at New Line's behest, rather than that of Chris Weitz.^[5]
• Derek Jacobi as the Magisterial emissary.

Development

"Peter's operation was so impressive that, well, I realized the distance between me and Peter Jackson... At that moment, I realized the sheer scope of the endeavor. And I thought, 'You know what? I can't do this'."

— Director Chris Weitz on his initial departure from the project[5]

On February 11, 2002, following the success of New Line's The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, the studio bought the rights to Philip Pullman's His Dark Materials trilogy. In July 2003 Tom Stoppard was commissioned to write the screenplay.^[6] Directors Brett Ratner and Sam Mendes expressed interest in the film,^[6] but a year later, Chris Weitz was hired to direct after approaching the studio with an unsolicited 40-page treatment.^[14] The studio rejected the script, asking Weitz to start from scratch. Since Weitz was a fan of Stoppard, he decided not to read the adaptation in case he "subconsciously poached things from him."^[15] After delivering his script, Weitz cited Barry Lyndon and Star Wars as stylistic influences on the film.^[6] In 2004, Weitz was invited by Lord of the Rings director Peter Jackson onto the set of King Kong in order to gather information on directing a blockbuster film, and to receive advice on dealing with New Line Cinema, for whom Jackson had worked on Lord of the Rings. After a subsequent interview in which Weitz said the novel's attacks on organised religion would have to be softened, he was criticised by some fans,^[5] and on December 15, 2004, Weitz announced his resignation as director of the trilogy, citing the enormous technical challenges of the epic.^[6] He later indicated that he had envisioned the possibility of being denounced by both the book's fans and its detractors, as well as a studio hoping for another Lord of the Rings.^[5]

On August 9, 2005, it was announced that British director Anand Tucker would take over from Weitz. Tucker felt the film would thematically be about Lyra "looking for a family",^[6] and Pullman agreed: "He has plenty of very good ideas, and he isn't daunted by the technical challenges. But the best thing from the point of view of all who care about the story is his awareness that it isn't about computer graphics; it isn't about fantastic adventures in amazing-looking worlds; it's about Lyra."^[16] Tucker resigned on May 8, 2006, citing creative disagreements with New Line, and Weitz returned to direct.^[6] Weitz said "I'm both the first and third director on the film ... [B]ut I did a lot of growing in the interim."^[17]

According to producer Deborah Forte, Tucker wanted to make a smaller, less exciting film than New Line wanted. New Line production president Toby Emmerich said of Weitz's return: "I think Chris realized that if he didn’t come back in and step up, maybe the movie wasn’t going to get made ... We really didn’t have a Plan B at that point."^[14] Weitz was attracted back to the project after receiving a letter from Pullman asking him to reconsider^{[citation needed]}. Since his departure, blueprints, production design and visual effects strategies had been put into position, and while Weitz admitted that his fears did not vanish, the project suddenly seemed feasible for the director.^[5]

Production

"Lyra and her dæmon" (Richards, right, with Highmore, as Pantalaimon) record dialogue in post-production.

Filming began at Shepperton Studios on September 4, 2006,^[6] with additional sequences shot in Switzerland and Norway.^[14] Filming also took place at the Old Royal Naval College at Greenwich,^[18] Chiswick House in London, and in Radcliffe Square, Exeter College, Oxford, the Queen's College, Oxford and Hedsor House in Buckinghamshire.

Production Designer Dennis Gassner says of his work on the film: “The whole project is about translation – translation from something you would understand into something that is in a different vernacular. So, it’s a new signature, looking into another world that seems familiar but is still unique. There’s a term I use – called 'cludging' – it’s taking one element and combining it with another element to make something new. It’s a hybrid or amalgamation, and that’s what this movie is about from a design perspective. It’s about amalgamating ideas and concepts and theoretical and physical environments.”^[19]

Rhythm and Hues Studios created the main dæmons, and Framestore CFC created all the bears.^[20] British company Cinesite created the secondary dæmons.^[21]

Alexandre Desplat composed the soundtrack to the film. British music icon Kate Bush recorded the track Lyra which plays over the end credits.^[22]

Differences from the novel

Numerous scenes from the novel were not featured in the film. On December 7, 2007, New York Magazine reviewed draft scripts from both Stoppard and Weitz; both were significantly longer than the final version, and Weitz's draft (which, unlike Stoppard's, did not feature significant additions to the source material) was pronounced the best of the three. The magazine concluded that instead of a "likely three hours of running time" that included such scenes as Mrs. Coulter's London party and Lyra's meeting with a witch representative, the studio had opted for a "failed" length of under two hours in order to maximise revenue.^[23]

Several shots from the film's deleted ending appear in promotional material. The San Francisco Chronicle found the theatrical release's "truncated" ending abrupt.^[24]

On October 9, 2007, Weitz revealed that the final three chapters from Northern Lights had been moved to the film's potential sequel, The Subtle Knife, in order to provide "the most promising conclusion to the first film and the best possible beginning to the second",^[25] though he also said less than a month later that there had been "tremendous marketing pressure" to create "an upbeat ending".^[26] Author Pullman publicly supported these changes, saying that "every film has to make changes to the story that the original book tells — not to change the outcome, but to make it fit the dimensions and the medium of film."^[27] In addition to excising Northern Lights' ending, the film reverses the order in which Lyra travels to the Gobbler's outpost of Bolvangar and Svalbard, the armoured bears' kingdom.^[28] (Neither deviation from the book features in Scholastic Publishing's The Golden Compass: The Story of the Movie novelization.) In July 2009, Weitz told a Comic Con audience that the film had been "recut by [New Line], and my experience with it ended being quite a terrible one”;^[4] he also told Time.com that he had felt that by "being faithful to the book I was working at odds with the studio."^[29]

Tasha Robinson of The A.V. Club argued that through the use of a spoken introduction and other exposition-filled dialogue, the film "bowdlerizes" Pullman's vision by "baldly revealing up front everything that the novel is trying to get you to wonder about and to explore slowly."^[28] Youyoung Lee wrote in a December 2007 Entertainment Weekly that the film "leaves out the gore," such as the book's ritualistic heart-eating that concludes the bear fight, "to create family-friendlier fare."^[30] Lee also said that the film "downplays the Magisterium's religious nature", but Robinson argued that the depicted "hierarchical organization of formally robed, iconography-heavy priests who dictate and define morality for their followers, are based in cathedrals, and decry teachings counter to theirs as 'heresy'" while doing "ugly things to children under cover of secrecy" would make "most people" think of the Catholic Church.^[28] Series creator Philip Pullman suggested a scene not included in the books, in which Mrs. Coulter hits her dæmon.^[31] Although the character has black hair in the novel, Pullman responded to the blonde Kidman's portrayal by saying "I was clearly wrong. You sometimes are wrong about your characters. She's blonde. She has to be." ^[32] Another change from the novel was the appearance of Lyra. In the books Lyra is often described as blond haired and blue eyed, whereas Richards is brown haired and brown eyed.

Controversies

A Magisterium building damaged by Iorek Byrnison featuring religious imagery.^[33]

Several key themes of the novels, such as the rejection of religion and the abuse of power in a fictionalised version of the Church, were diluted in the adaptation. Director Weitz said "in the books the Magisterium is a version of the Catholic Church gone wildly astray from its roots," but that the organization portrayed in his film would not directly match that of Pullman's books. Instead, the Magisterium represents all dogmatic organizations.^[34] Weitz said that New Line Cinema had feared the story's anti-religious themes would make the film financially unviable in the U.S., and so religion and God ("the Authority" in the books) would not be referenced directly.

Attempting to reassure fans of the novels, Weitz said that religion would instead appear in euphemistic terms, yet the decision was criticised by some fans,^[35] anti-censorship groups, and the National Secular Society (of which Pullman is an honorary associate), which said "they are taking the heart out of it, losing the point of it, castrating it..."^[36] and "this is part of a long-term problem over freedom of speech." The Atlantic Monthly said also "With $180 million at stake, the studio opted to kidnap the book’s body and leave behind its soul."^[37] The changes from the novel have been present since Tom Stoppard's rejected version of the script,^[14] and Pullman expected the film to be "faithful,"^[34] although he also said, "They do know where to put the theology and that’s off the film."^[37] A Christianity Today review of the film noted that "'Magisterium' does refer, in the real world, to the teaching authority of the Roman Catholic Church, and the film [is] peppered with religiously significant words like 'oblation' and 'heresy'", adding that when one character smashes through the wall of a Magisterium building, the damaged exterior is "decorated with [Christian] Byzantine icons."^[33]

On October 7, 2007 the Catholic League called for a boycott of the film.^[38] League president William A. Donohue said he would not ordinarily object to the film, but that while the religious elements are diluted from the source material, the film will encourage children to read the novels, which he says denigrate Christianity and promote atheism for kids.^[39] He cited Pullman telling the Washington Post in 2001 that he is trying to undermine the basis of Christian belief.^[40] The League hoped that "the film [would fail] to meet box office expectations and that [Pullman's] books attract few buyers,"^[41] declaring the boycott campaign a success after a North American opening weekend which was lower than anticipated.^[42] One week after the film's release, Roger Ebert said of the campaign, "any bad buzz on a family film can be mortal, and that seems to have been the case this time."^[43]

R. Albert Mohler, Jr., the president of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, agreed that the broad appeal of the film was a dangerous lure to the novels, which he criticized for carrying a clear agenda to expose what [Pullman] believes is the "tyranny of the Christian faith" and for "[providing] a liberating mythology for a new secular age."^[44] The Rev. Denny Wayman of the Free Methodist Church made the assertion that The Golden Compass is a "film trying to preach an atheistic message."^[45] Other evangelical groups, such as The Christian Film and Television Commission, adopted a "wait-and-see" approach to the film before deciding upon any action,^[46] as did the Roman Catholic Church in England & Wales.^[47] Some religious scholars have challenged the view that the story carries atheistic themes,^[48][49] while in November 2007, a review of the film by the director and staff reviewer of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops' Office for Film and Broadcasting appeared on the website of the Catholic News Service and in Catholic newspapers across the country. The review suggested that instead of a boycott, it may be appropriate for Catholic parents to "talk through any thorny philosophical issues" with their children.^[50] However, on December 10, 2007 the review was removed from the website at the USCCB's request.^[51] On December 19, 2007, the Vatican newspaper, L'Osservatore Romano, published an editorial in which it denounced the film as godless.^[52]

Pullman said of Donohue's call for a boycott, "Why don't we trust readers? Why don't we trust filmgoers? Oh, it causes me to shake my head with sorrow that such nitwits could be loose in the world."^[47] In a discussion with Donohue on CBS's Early Show, Ellen Johnson, president of American Atheists, said that rather than promote atheism, the film would encourage children to question authority, saying that would not be a bad thing for children to learn.^[53] Director Weitz says that he believes His Dark Materials is "not an atheistic work, but a highly spiritual and reverent piece of writing",^[35] and Nicole Kidman defended her decision to star in the film, saying that "I wouldn't be able to do this film if I thought it were at all anti-Catholic".^[17] Some commentators indicated that they believed both sides' criticism would prove ultimately impotent and that the negative publicity would prove a boon for the film's box office.^[47][54][55]

Reception

Critical reception

Reviews of The Golden Compass were mixed.^[56] As of June 22, 2011, review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes reported that 43% of critics gave the film positive reviews, based on 188 reviews,^[57] At the similar website Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the film has received an average score of 51, based on 33 reviews.^[58]

Manohla Dargis of the New York Times said that the film "crams so many events, characters, [...] twists and turns, sumptuously appointed rooms and ethereally strange vistas [...] that [it] risks losing you in the whirl" and that while The Golden Compass is "an honorable work," it is "hampered by its fealty to the book and its madly rushed pace."^[59] James Berardinelli of ReelReviews gave the film 2½ stars out of 4, calling it "adequate but not inspired" and criticising the first hour for its rushed pace and sketchily-developed characters.^[60] James Christopher of The Times was disappointed, praising the "marvellous" special effects and casting, but saying that the "books weave a magic the film simply cannot match" and citing a "lack of genuine drama."^[61]

Time rated it a "B" and called it a "good, if familiar fantasy", saying "The find is Dakota Blue Richards [...] who's both grounded and magical."^[62] Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian rated it four stars out of five, praising Nicole Kidman's casting and saying it had "no other challengers as [2007's] big Christmas movie."^[63] Leonard Maltin gave the film three out of four stars, and said that "Richards is persuasive" and that it " does a good job of introducing us to an unfamiliar world." Critic Roger Ebert awarded the film four out of four stars and called it "a darker, deeper fantasy epic than the The Chronicles of Narnia or the Potter films," saying that it "creates villains that are more complex and poses more intriguing questions. As a visual experience, it is superb. As an escapist fantasy, it is challenging [...] I think [it] is a wonderfully good-looking movie, with exciting passages and a captivating heroine."^[64]

Pullman himself was described by a Times interviewer as sounding "ambivalent" and "guarded" about the film, saying in March 2008: “A lot of things about it were good... Nothing's perfect. Nothing can bring out all that's in the book. There are always compromises”. He hoped, however, that the rest of the trilogy would be adapted with the same cast and crew.^[65] In July 2009, after this possibility had been exhausted, Weitz told Time.com that he thought the film's special effects ended up being its "most successful element."^[29]

Awards

The Golden Compass won the 2008 BAFTA Award for Special Visual Effects^[66] and an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects notably beating out what many considered to be the front runner, Michael Bay's Transformers, which had swept the Visual Effects Society awards prior.^[67] It was also nominated for two Critics' Choice Awards in 2007 ("Best Family Film," and "Best Young Actress" for Dakota Blue Richards^[68]), five Satellite Awards, and the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form. The Golden Compass was nominated for the National Movie Award for Best Family movie but lost to Disney/Pixar's WALL-E.

Box office

The North American opening weekend return was "a little disappointing" for New Line Cinema,^[69] earning US$25.8 million with total domestic box office of $70 million compared to an estimated $180 million production budget.^[70] Despite this, the film's loss rebounded as its performance outside the United States was described as "stellar" by Variety,^[71] and as "astonishing" by New Line.^[72] In the United Kingdom, the film grossed $53,198,635 and became the second highest grossing non-sequel of 2007 there (behind The Simpsons Movie). In Japan, the film was officially released in March 2008 on 700 screens, ultimately grossing $33,501,399; but previews of the film between 23–24 February 2008 earned $2.5 million. By July 6, 2008, it had earned $302,127,136 internationally, totaling $372,234,864 worldwide.^[70]

Overseas rights to the film were sold to fund the $180 million production budget for the film, so most of these profits did not go to New Line, though they gained considerably by selling the foreign rights, and 60% of the film's budget was already recouped by the film's release;^{[73][not in citation given][74][dead link]} by the time the film had earned a global box office of $330 million in March 2008, it was estimated that the decision had cost New Line 75% of the film's return.^{[75][not in citation given]} This has been cited as a potential "last straw" in Time Warner's decision to merge New Line Cinema into Warner Bros Pictures.^[3]

DVD release

The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc formats in the United Kingdom on April 28, 2008 and the United States on April 29, 2008. The extra material on the single-disc DVD consists of previews of upcoming New Line Cinema films. The two-disc edition includes a commentary from writer/director Chris Weitz, eleven "making-of" featurettes, a photo gallery, and theatrical and teaser trailers. The Blu-ray disc features the same extras from the two-disc DVD edition.^[76] Exclusive to Blu-ray Disc is Visual Commentary Picture-in-Picture feature which enables users to view behind the scene feature while watching the movie.

Shortly before the film's release, Weitz suggested that an extended cut of the film could be released on DVD, saying "I'd really love to do a fuller cut of the film"; he further speculated that such a version "could probably end up at two and a half hours."^[77] This proposed cut would presumably not include the original ending: MTV reported in December 2007 that Weitz hoped to include that material at the beginning of a possible The Subtle Knife adaptation, and that a Compass Director's Cut might feature "a moment" of it as a "teaser".^[78] Cast members Craig and Green have echoed this hope for such a DVD cut; so far, however, no official announcement has been made.^[78]

Video game

Main article: The Golden Compass (video game)

The video game for this film was released on December 4, 2007 for the PC, Wii, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable, Nintendo DS, and the Xbox 360. It was developed by Shiny Entertainment and published by Sega.^[79]

Players take control of the characters Lyra Belacqua and Iorek Byrnison in Lyra's attempt to save her friend Roger from the General Oblation Board. As this game does not fully take into account the changes made by the final version of the film, a small amount of footage from the film's deleted ending can be viewed near the end of the game, and the order in which Lyra travels to Bolvangar and Svalbard follows the book and not the film.

Sequels

At the time of The Golden Compass' theatrical release, Chris Weitz pledged to "protect [the] integrity" of the prospective sequels by being "much less compromising" in the book-to-film adaptation process.^[26] New Line Cinema commissioned Hossein Amini to write a screenplay based on the second book in the trilogy, The Subtle Knife, potentially for release in 2010 or 2011, with the third book of the trilogy, The Amber Spyglass, to follow. However, New Line president Toby Emmerich stressed that production of the second and third films was dependent on the financial success of The Golden Compass.^[80] When The Golden Compass did not meet expectations at the United States box office, the likelihood of a sequel was downplayed by New Line. According to studio co-head Michael Lynne, "The jury is still very much out on the movie, and while it's performed very strongly overseas we'll look at it early 2008 and see where we're going with a sequel."^[81]

In February 2008, Chris Weitz told The Daily Yomiuri that he still hoped for the sequels' production: "at first it looked like we were down for the count because in the U.S. [the film] underperformed, but then internationally it performed [better] than expectations. So, a lot depends on Japan, frankly... I think if it does well enough here we'll be in good shape for that".^[31] And although producer Deborah Forte had, that March, expressed optimism that the sequels could be made, and that she intended to see them realised,^[82] the studio decided against producing them, with The Independent speculating that December and the uncertain economic climate may have contributed to their cancellation.^[83]

By October 2008, the two planned sequels were officially placed on hold, according to New Line Cinema, because of financial concerns during the global recession.^[84] Sam Elliot, however, stated, "The Catholic Church ... lambasted them, and I think it scared New Line off."^[85]

References

1. ^ The Golden Compass. Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2009-06-09.
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External links

• Official website
• The Golden Compass at the Internet Movie Database
• The Golden Compass at AllRovi
• The Golden Compass at Rotten Tomatoes
• The Golden Compass at Metacritic
• The Golden Compass at Box Office Mojo
• Book Vs. Film: The Golden Compass by The Onion A.V. Club
• The Golden Compass Production Notes