Yingkou

Yingkou 营口
—  Prefecture-level city  —
营口市
Location of Yingkou in Liaoning
Yingkou Location within China
Coordinates (city(2220000)): 40°40′N 122°14′E / 40.667°N 122.233°E / 40.667; 122.233Coordinates: 40°40′N 122°14′E / 40.667°N 122.233°E / 40.667; 122.233
Country	China
Province	Liaoning
Districts and Counties	List Zhanqian District Xishi District Bayuquan District Laobian District Dashiqiao City Gaizhou City
Government
– CPC Yingkou	Committee Secretary
– Mayor	Gao Jun
Area
– Prefecture-level city	4,970 km2 (1,918.9 sq mi)
– Urban	664 km2 (256.4 sq mi)
– Metro	1,775 km2 (685.3 sq mi)
Population (census 2010)[1]
– Prefecture-level city	2,428,534
– Urban	897,515
– Urban density	1,351.7/km2 (3,500.8/sq mi)
– Metro	1,340,993
– Metro density	755.5/km2 (1,956.7/sq mi)
Time zone	China Standard (UTC+8)
Area code(s)	410
Website	http://www.yingkou.gov.cn/

Yingkou (simplified Chinese: 营口; traditional Chinese: 營口; pinyin: Yíngkǒu) is a prefecture-level city of Liaoning province, in northeastern China. It is a port city of the Bohai Sea. The Liao river (Liao He) goes to the sea at Yingkou.

The city has a total area of 4,970 square kilometers, and a population of 2,428,534 at the 2010 census whom 1,340,993 in the built up area made of 3 urban districts (Zhanqian, Xishi and Laobian) and Dashiqiao city now linked to the urban core.

Name

Yingkou was formerly known as Newchwang (Chinese: 牛庄; pinyin: Niúzhuāng; Manchu: Ishangga gašan hoton) - one of the Treaty Ports opened under the Treaties of Tianjin of 1858. In fact the town of Newchwang was about thirty miles upstream of Liao He. After the treaty had been signed, the British found that the river near Newchwang was too shallow for their ships. Instead, the treaty port was moved to the area nearer to the river mouth where today's Yingkou is located.

Administrative divisions

Yingkou prefecture is subdivided into 4 districts and 2 cities:

Map
#	Name	Hanzi	Hanyu Pinyin	Population (2003 est.)	Area (km²)	Density (/km²)
1	Zhanqian District	站前区	Zhànqián Qū	260,000	70	3,714
2	Xishi District	西市区	Xīshì Qū	160,000	20	8,000
3	Bayuquan District	鲅鱼圈区	Bàyúquān Qū	300,000	268	1,119
4	Laobian District	老边区	Lǎobiān Qū	130,000	306	426
5	Dashiqiao City	大石桥市	Dàshíqiáo Shì	720,000	1,379	522
6	Gaizhou City	盖州市	Gàizhōu Shì	730,000	2,928	249

Geography

Yingkou
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D     6.8   −3 −13     6.3   0 −10     12   7 −3     32   15 6     54   22 13     69   26 18     175   29 22     149   28 21     68   24 14     41   16 6     22   7 −2     8.5   0 −9 Average max. and min. temperatures in °C Precipitation totals in mm
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     0.3   26 8     0.2   32 14     0.5   44 28     1.2   60 42     2.1   71 55     2.7   79 65     6.9   83 71     5.9   83 69     2.7   75 57     1.6   61 43     0.8   44 28     0.3   31 15 Average max. and min. temperatures in °F Precipitation totals in inches

Yingkou is located in the northwestern portion of the Liaodong Peninsula, and on the left bank of the Daliao River, which enters the sea in the city. To the west is the Liaodong Bay of the Bohai Gulf, and the city thus looks across to Jinzhou and Huludao. Bordering prefecture cities are:

• Anshan (N and NE)
• Dalian (S)
• Panjin (NW)

The city's metro area is located 166 kilometres (103 mi) from the provincial capital of Shenyang, 204 kilometres (127 mi) from Dalian, 84 kilometres (52 mi) from Anshan, and 70 kilometres (43 mi) from Panjin. The city is located at latitude 39° 55′—40° 56′ N and longitude 121° 56′—123° 02′ E. At its greatest width, the city spans 111.8 kilometres (69.5 mi) from north to south and 50.7 kilometres (31.5 mi) from east to west. The total area of the city is 5,365 square kilometres (2,071 sq mi), occupying a mere 4.9% of the provincial area. The city has a total coastline of 96 kilometres (60 mi).

Yingkou has a four-season humid continental climate (Koppen Dwa) with strong monsoonal influences. Though the climate is somewhat tempered by the city's location on the Bohai Gulf, winters are long, windy, cold but dry, and summers are hot and humid. Monthly mean temperatures range from −8.5 °C (16.7 °F) in January to 25.0 °C (77.0 °F) in July. Precipitation is somewhat enhanced by the coastal location, with just more than half of annual rainfall occurring in July and August.

Climate data for Yingkou (1971−2000)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °C (°F)	−3.2 (26.2)	−0.1 (31.8)	6.6 (43.9)	15.3 (59.5)	21.6 (70.9)	25.9 (78.6)	28.5 (83.3)	28.1 (82.6)	23.7 (74.7)	16.2 (61.2)	6.8 (44.2)	−0.4 (31.3)	14.1
Average low °C (°F)	−13.1 (8.4)	−9.9 (14.2)	−2.5 (27.5)	5.8 (42.4)	12.5 (54.5)	18.2 (64.8)	21.7 (71.1)	20.5 (68.9)	14.1 (57.4)	6.3 (43.3)	−2.1 (28.2)	−9.2 (15.4)	5.2
Precipitation mm (inches)	6.8 (0.268)	6.3 (0.248)	12.1 (0.476)	31.5 (1.24)	53.9 (2.122)	69.0 (2.717)	175.3 (6.902)	149.4 (5.882)	67.9 (2.673)	41.1 (1.618)	21.5 (0.846)	8.5 (0.335)	643.3 (25.327)
% humidity	62	59	58	58	61	70	79	79	72	67	66	64	66.3
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)	3.1	3.0	4.2	6.2	8.0	9.6	12.0	9.4	6.8	5.8	4.7	2.8	75.6
Sunshine hours	199.8	204.1	243.1	257.3	279.9	262.1	233.7	239.1	254.0	232.2	185.5	183.5	2,774.3
Source: China Meteorological Administration

Industrial zones

• China Minmetals (Yingkou) Industrial Park
• Yingkou Economic & Technological Development Zone

Yingkou Development Zone is in the middle of Liaodong Peninsular and at the beach of Bohai Sea. It is located at 52 km south of Yingkou City. Shenyang is 190 km to its north and Dalian 170 km to its south. So far, five key industries have been formed, which are steel, chemical industry, mineral processing, logistics, textile and garment industry.^[2]

Coastal Base Project

In late 2005, the Party Secretary of the Liaoning Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, Li Keqiang, initiated the "Five Points, One Line" strategy to develop the entire Liaoning coastline, and in particular focusing on the "five points" of the Changxing Island Harbor Industrial Zone in Dalian; Yingkou Coastal Industrial Base; Liaoxi Jinzhou Bay Coastal Economic Zone; Dandong, and the Zhuanghe Huayuankou Industrial Zone.

As a result, Yingkou city is currently undergoing substantial expansion. From its current urban area of 54 square kilometres, Phase One of the Coastal Base project is under way and is adding a further 44 square kilometers of industrial and urban areas to Yingkou. Phase Two (planned to start in 2010) will add a further massive 157 square kilometres.

The land being used is largely marshland and reclaimed from the sea: in particular, it is largely unoccupied. As a result, the social and fiscal costs of development are less than are usual for Chinese urban and industrial development.

The Yingkou port area is also being very substantially increased in size, in the Bayuquan and Xianren harbours.

Partnership town and ports

• Yingkou is twinned with Jacksonville, Florida since 1990.
• With Tver, Russia since 1994.^[3]
• Yingkou Port signed a Sister Port agreement with the Hamilton Port Authority of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada in November 2005.

References

1. ^ Copyright by Yingkou People
2. ^ RightSite.asia | Yingkou Development Zone
3. ^ http://russian.china.org.cn/international/archive/wenhuazhou/txt/2003-08/15/content_2081494.htm

External links

• Official Website
• Yingkou China
• The coastal base development project