Kilmainham

Kilmainham (Irish: Cill Mhaighneann, meaning "St Maighnenn's church") is a suburb of Dublin south of the River Liffey and west of the city centre, in the Dublin 8 postal district.

History

In the Viking era, the monastery was home to the first Norse base (longphort) in Ireland.^[1]

In the 12th century the lands on the banks of the Liffey first belonged to the Knights Templars. Strongbow erected for them a castle about a mile distant from the Danish wall of old Dublin. Here the Templars flourished, for nearly a century and a half, until the process for their suppression was instituted under Edward II, in 1308. Thirty members and of the order were imprisoned and examined in Dublin and the order was condemned and suppressed. Their lands and privileges were given to the priory of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, who remained in possession until the dissolution of the monasteries in the 16th century.^[2]

Until the time of Queen Elizabeth, when Dublin Castle became the centre of English power, the lord lieutenants often held court at the manor of Kilmainham. In 1559, the earl of Sussex, on being again appointed lord lieutenant, found that the building at Kilmainham had been damaged by a storm, and had to hold court at the palace of St. Sepulchre. The following year Elizabeth ordered that Dublin Castle be upgraded to enable the lord lieutenant to reside there, and Kilmainham fell out of favour.^[2]

The Manor of Kilmainham formed a liberty outside the jurisdiction of the city of Dublin, with its own rights and privileges. The manor took in parts of James's Street and side-streets and stretched as far as Lucan and Chapelizod.^[3] After the Reformation, former lords (or chairmen, as they were later called) of this manor included Lord Cloncurry and Sir Edward Newenham. John "Bully" Egan, from Charleville, County Cork, was chairman from 1790 to 1800.

These manorial rights were abolished around 1840.

Local attractions

The area is best known for Royal Hospital Kilmainham, constructed on the site where the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem had their priory in Dublin. It now houses the Irish Museum of Modern Art. Nearby is Kilmainham Gaol, where the executions of the leaders of the Easter Rising took place.

Kilmainham holds one of a small number of Viking era burial sites (Old Norse haugr meaning barrow or mound), within Dublin, others including Bully's Acre and where College Green is now located.

Railway station

The Dublin Heuston railway station, one of Dublin's two main railway stations, is nearby.

References

1. ^ Halsall, Guy. Warfare and Society in the Barbarian West, 450-900 (London: Routledge, 2003), p.156.
2. ^ ^{a b} Walter Harris: The History and Antiquities of the City of Dublin
3. ^ D'Alton: History of the County Dublin. 1838. p. 301

Coordinates: 53°20.52′N 6°18.48′W / 53.342°N 6.308°W / 53.342; -6.308