Glasnevin

Infobox Irish Place
name = Glasnevin
gaeilge = Glas Naíon
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pin coords = left: 54px; top: 74px
north coord = 53.371859
west coord = 6.267357
irish grid = O158368
area =
elevation =
province = Leinster
county = County Dublin
town pop =
rural pop =
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Glasnevin ("Glas Naíon", "Glas Na’on" - "Stream of the Infants"; also known as "Glas Naedhe" - "O'Naeidhe’s Stream" (after an ancient Chieftain) - in Irish) is a largely residential neighbourhood of Dublin, Ireland.

Geography

A mainly residential neighbourhood, it is located on the Northside of the city of Dublin (about 3 km north of Dublin City). It was originally established on the northern bank of the River Tolka. It is bordered to the northwest by Ballygall, northeast by Ballymun, Whitehall to the east, Phibsboro and Drumcondra to the south and Cabra to the west.

History

Foundation

Glasnevin seems to have been founded by Saint Mobhi (sometimes known as St Berchan) in the sixth (or perhaps fifth) century as a monastery. His monastery continued to be used for many years afterwards - St. Colman is recorded as having paid homage to its founder when he returned from abroad to visit Ireland a century after St Mobhi's death in 544. St. Columba of Iona is thought to have studied under St. Mobhi, but left Glasnevin following an outbreak of plague and journeyed north to open the House at Derry. There is a long street (Iona Road) in Glasnevin named in his honour. The church on Iona Road is called Saint Columba's.

Middle Ages

A settlement grew up around this monastery, which survived until the Viking invasions in the eighth century. After raids on monasteries at Glendalough and Clondalkin, the monasteries at Glasnevin and Finglas were attacked and destroyed.

By 822 Glasnevin had become the farm for Christ Church Cathedral and it seems to have maintained this connection up to the time of the Reformation.

The Danish raids of the 8th Century taught Ireland a hard lesson, and by the time the next wave of raiders arrived, some unity had been found under the High King (Ardrí), Brian Boru. The Battle of Clontarf was fought on the banks of the River Tolka in 1014 (a field called the "bloody acre" is supposed to be part of the site). The Irish defeated the Danes in a battle, in which 7,000 Danes and 4,000 Irish died.

Th 12th century saw the Normans (who had conquered Great Britain in the eleventh century) set their sights on Ireland. As Ireland's rulers continued fighting amongst themselves the Norman King of England Henry II was invited to intervene. He arrived in 1171, took control of much land, and then parcelled it out amongst his supporters. Glasnevin ended up under the jurisdiction of Finglas Abbey. Laurence O'Toole, Archbishop of Dublin, took responsibility for Glasnevin. It became the property the Holy Trinity (Christ Church Cathedral).

In 1240 a church and tower was reconstructed on the site of the Church of St. Mobhi in the monastery. The returns of the church for 1326 stated that 28 tenants resided in Glasnevin. The church was enlarged in 1346, along with a small hall known as the Manor Hall.

Late Middle Ages

When Henry VIII broke from Rome an era of religious repression began. All Catholic church property and land was appropriated to the new Church, and monasteries (including the one at Glasnevin) were forcibly closed and fell into ruin. Glasnevin had at this stage developed as a village, with its principal landmark and focal point being its "bull-ring" noted in 1542.

By 1667 Glasnevin had expanded - but not by very much; it is recorded as containing 24 houses. The development of the village was given a fresh impetus when Sir John Rogerson built his country residence, "The Glen" or "Glasnevin House" outside the village.

A Protestant church, St. Mobhi's, was built in the mid 17th century and most of it was rebuilt in the mid 18th century. It was part of a site where the ancient monastery of St. Mobhi once stood. It is said that Robert Emmet is buried there. This claim is made because once somebody working in the graveyard there dug up a headless body.

Early modern times

The plantations of Ireland saw the settlement of Protestant English families on land previously held by Catholics. Lands at Glasnevin were leased to such families and a Protestant church was erected there in 1707. It was built on the site of the old Catholic Church and was named after St. Mobhi. The attached churchyard became a graveyard for both Protestants and Catholics.

By now Glasnevin was an area for families of distinction - in spite of a comment attributed to the Protestant Archbishop King of Dublin that "when any couple had a mind to be wicked, they would retire to Glasnevin". In a letter, dated 1725 he described Glasnevin as "the receptacle for thieves and rogues. The first search when anything was stolen, was there, and when any couple had a mind to retire to be wicked there was their harbour. But since the church was built, and service regularly settled, all these evils are banished. Good houses are built in it, and the place civilised." [Mant's History of the Church of Ireland]

19th and 20th Centuries

Glasnevin became a township in 1878 and became part of the City of Dublin in 1900.

The parish population was recorded as 1,001, of whom 559 resided in the village. Glasnevin was described as a parish in the barony of Coolock, pleasantly situated and the residence of many families of distinction. [Topographical Dictionary of Ireland, Lewis (1837)]

When Drumcondra began to rapidly expand in the 1870’s, the residents of Glasnevin sought to protect their district and opposed being merged with the neighbouring suburb. One of the objectors was the property-owner, Dr Gogarty, the father of the Irish poet, Oliver St. John Gogarty.

On 1st June 1832, Charles Lindsay, Bishop of Kildare and Leighlin and the William John released their holdings of Sir John Rogerson's lands at Glasnevin, (including Glasnevin House) to George Hayward Lindsay. This transfer included the sum of 1,500 Pounds Sterling. Although this does not specifically cite the marriage of George Hayward Lindsay to Lady Mary Catherine Gore, George Lindsay almost certainly came into the lands at Glasnevin as a result of his marriage.

George Hayward Lindsay’s eldest son, Lieutenant Colonel Henry Gore Lindsay, was in possession of his father’s lands at Glasnevin when the area began to be developed at the beginning of the twentieth-century. The development of his lands after 1903/04 marked the start of the gradual development of the area.

Glasnevin remained relatively undeveloped until the opening up of the Carroll Estate in 1914, which saw the creation of the redbrick residential roads running down towards Drumcondra. The process was accelerated by Dublin Corporation in the 1920s and the present shape of the suburb was firmly in place by 1930. Nevertheless, until comparatively recent years, a short stroll up the Old Finglas Road brought you rapidly into open countryside.

The start of the 20th century also saw the opening of a short lived railway station on the Drumcondra and North Dublin Link Railway line from Glasnevin Junction to Connolly Station (then Amiens Street). It opened in 1906 and closed at the end of 1907.Fact|date=October 2007 Glasnevin railway station opened on 1 April 1901 and closed on 1 December 1910. [cite web | title=Glasnevin station | work=Railscot - Irish Railways | url=http://www.railscot.co.uk/Ireland/Irish_railways.pdf | accessdate=2007-10-14]

Village of Glasnevin

The village has changed a lot over the years, and is now part of Dublin City. Some of its old charm remains, and can be readily seen in the area's old-world gardens, with their wealth of flowering shrubs and climbing plants. Glasnevin has a vibrant community, largely comprising of a mix of young families and their more senior counterparts from the middle of the last century, as well as students attending the University.

As well as the amenities of the Botanic Gardens and local parks, the national meteorological office Met Éireann, the [http://www.cfb.ie/Central Fisheries Board] , the National Standards Authority of Ireland, [http://www.sei.ie/ Sustainable Energy Ireland] , the Department of Defence and the national enterprise and trade board Enterprise Ireland are all located in the area.

Botanic Gardens

The house and lands of the poet Thomas Tickell were sold in 1790 to the Irish Parliament and given to the Royal Dublin Society for them to establish Ireland's first Botanic Gardens. The gardens were the first location in Ireland where the infection responsible for the 1845–1847 potato famine was identified. Throughout the famine research to stop the infection was undertaken at the gardens.

The 27 acres which border the River Tolka also adjoin the Prospect Cemetery. In 2002 the Botanic Gardens gained a new multistorey complex which included a new cafe and a large lecture theatre. The Irish National Herbarium is also located at the botanic gardens.

Prospect Cemetery

Prospect Cemetery is located in Glasnevin, although better known as Glasnevin Cemetery, the most historically notable burial place in the country and the last resting place, among a host of historical figures, of Michael Collins, Charles Stewart Parnell and also Arthur Griffith. This graveyard led to Glasnevin being known as "the dead centre of Dublin". It opened in 1832 and is the final resting place for thousands of ordinary citizens, as well as many Irish patriots.

Hart's Corner

Approaching Glasnevin via Phibsboro is what is known as "Hart's Corner" but which about a 200 years ago was called Glasmanogue, and was then a well-known stage on the way to Finglas. At an earlier date the name possessed a wider signification and was applied to a considerable portion of the adjoining district.

Delville

At the start of the 18th century a large house, called Delville - known at first as The Glen - was built on the site of the present Bons Secours hospital. Its name was an amalgamation of the surnames of two of its tenants, Dr. Helsam and Dr. Patrick Delany (as Heldeville), both Fellows of Trinity College).

When Delany married his first wife he acquired sole ownership, but it became famous as the home of Delany and his second wife - Mary Pendarves. She was a widow whom Delany married in 1743, and was an accomplished letter writer.

They couple were friends of Dean Jonathan Swift and, through him, of Alexander Pope. Pope encouraged the Delaneys to develop a garden in a style then becoming popular in England - moving away from the very formal, geometric layout that was common. He redesigned the house in the style of a villa and had the gardens laid out in the latest Dutch fashion creating what was almost certainly Ireland's first naturalistic garden.

The house was, under Mrs Delany, a centre of Dublin's intellectual life. Swift is said to have composed many of his campaigning pamphlets while staying there. He and his life - long companion Stella were both in the habit of visiting, and Swift satirised the grounds which he considered too small for the size of the house. Through her correspondence with her sister, Mrs Dewes, Mary wrote of Swift in 1733: "he calls himself my master and corrects me when I speak bad English or do not pronounce my words distinctly".

Patrick Delany died in 1768 at the age of 82, prompting his widow to sell Delville and return to her native England until her death twenty years later.

The Pyramid Church

A timber church, which originally stood on Berkeley Road, was moved to a riverside site on Botanic Avenue early in the twentieth century. The altar in this church was from Newgate prison in Dublin. It served as the parish church until it was replaced, in 1972, by a pyramidal structure. The previous church was known locally as "The Woodener" or "The Wooden" and the new building is still known to older residents as "The new Woodener" or "The Wigwam". Its official name is Our Lady of Dolours.

Met Éireann

In 1975 the new headquarters of Met Éireann, the Irish Meteorological Office, opened just off Glasnevin Hill. It, too, was built in a somewhat pyramidal shape and is recognised as one of the most significant, smaller commercial buildings, to be erected in Dublin in the 1970s.

Griffith Avenue

Griffith Avenue, which runs through Glasnevin, Drumcondra and Marino, is the longest tree lined Avenue in the Northern Hemisphere with no retail outlets. The Avenue spans 3 electoral constituencies. It was named after Arthur Griffith who was the founder and third leader of Sinn Féin and also served as President of Dáil Éireann. Arthur Griffith also was buried in Glasnevin Cemetery.

Community and sport

The Gaelic games of Gaelic football, hurling, camogie and Gaelic handball are all organised locally by Na Fianna CLG, while soccer is played by local clubs Iona F.C., Tolka Rovers and Glasnevin F.C. They celebrated their 125th anniversary in 2006.Fact|date=September 2008 Basketball is organised by Tolka Rovers.

Glasnevin is the site of an Educate Together national school.

Notable natives

*Saint Canice
*Bono
*Saint Comgall
*Patrick Denis O'Donnell
*Michael O'Riordan
*John J. O'Kelly
*David P. Tyndall
*Mona Tyndall
*Damien McCaul - Television presenter and Dublin's Q102 disc jockey
*Thomas Tickell
*Francis Martin O'Donnell
*Celia Lynch
*Michael O'Hehir
*Margaret Buckley
*John O'Connell
*Robbie Kelleher
* The Parnell family, as well as the family of Richard Brinsley Sheridan were also associated with Glasnevin.
* Jonathan Swift once lived across the road from the Glasnevin Model School, which is now the Glasnevin Educate Together School.

References

* Weston St. John Joyce, "The Neighbourhood of Dublin" (third and enlarged edition 1920). CHAPTER XXVI, "Glasnevin, Finglas and the adjacent district" (scanned in by Ken Finlay).

ee also

*List of towns and villages in Ireland

External links

* [http://www.meteireann.ie/ Met Éireann]
* [http://www.cfb.ie/ Central Fisheries Board]
* [http://www.eganshouse.com/history.html A History of Glasnevin] from Egan's House
* [http://www.glasnevin-cemetery.ie/glas.html A History of Glasnevin] from Glasnevin Cemmetary
* [http://www.botanicgardens.ie/ The Botanic Gardens]
* [http://www.theadamsresidence.co.uk/nov98/glascem.html Monuments in Glasnevin Cemetery]
*The Parish of Glasnevin from F.E. Ball's [http://chaptersofdublin.com/books/ball1-6/Ball6/ball6.7.htm A History of the County Dublin] (1920)
* Account of Glasnevin from D'Alton's [http://www.chaptersofdublin.com/books/Dalton/Glasnevin.htm History of the County Dublin] (1838)
* [http://www.blather.net/shitegeist/2005/11/waking_the_dead_4.htm The Battle of Glasnevin Graveyard]
*Glasnevin, Finglas and the adjacent district from [http://www.chaptersofdublin.com/books/Neighbourhood/chapter26.html The Neighbourhood of Dublin] by Weston St. John Joyce (third and enlarged edition 1920).
*The Tolka, Glasnevin and the Naul Road from [http://www.chaptersofdublin.com/books//NorthDub/cosgrave3.html North Dublin] by Dillon Cosgrove. Originally published in 1909