Kilmainham Gaol

, which is now a museum. It has been run since the mid-1980s by the Office of Public Works (O.P.W.), an Irish Government agency.

Kilmainham Gaol has played an important part in Irish history, as many leaders of Irish rebellions were imprisoned and some executed in the jail. The jail has also been used as a set for several films.

When it was first built in 1796, Kilmainham Gaol was called the 'New Gaol' to distinguish it from the old jail it was intended to replace - a noisome dungeon, just a few hundred metres from the present site. It was officially called the County of Dublin Gaol, and was originally run by the Grand Jury for County Dublin. Over the 140 years it served as a prison, its cells held many of the most famous people involved in the campaign for Irish independence. The leaders of the 1916 Easter Rising were held and executed here.

Children were sometimes arrested for petty theft (as in the UK), the youngest said to be a seven year-old boyFact|date=July 2007, while many of the adult prisoners were deported to Australia.

There was no segregation of prisoners; men, women and children were incarcerated up to 5 in each cell, with only a single candle for light and heat, most of their time was spent in the cold and the dark.

Kilmainham Gaol was abandoned as a jail in 1924, by the government of the new Irish Free State. Following lengthy restoration, it now houses a museum on the history of Irish nationalism and offers guided tours of the building.

An art gallery on the top floor exhibits paintings, sculptures and jewelry of prisoners incarcerated in jails all over contemporary Ireland.

Victorian Optimism: The New East Wing.

At Kilmainham the poor conditions in which women prisoners were kept provided the spur for the next stage of development. Remarkably, for an age that prided itself on a protective attitude for the 'weaker sex', the conditions for women prisinors were persistently worse than for men. As early as his 1809 report the Inspector had observed that male prisinors were supplied with iron bedsteads while females 'lay on straw on the flags in the cells and common halls.' Half a century later there was little improvement. The women's section, located in the west wing, remained overcrowded.

Kilmainham Gaol's historic importance was assured by those heroic men and women who were held or died here for their nationalist ideals. The Gaol's history as a prison, the fate of the common man and women as convict, is a compelling story in its own right. Their story gives a unique insight into convict transportation and the Great Famine, two major events in the social history of modern Ireland.

Kilmainham Gaol is one of the biggest unoccupied gaols in Europe. Now empty of prisoners, it is filled with history. It has aptly been described as the 'Irish Bastille'.

When the Gaol was first built public hangings took place at the front of the Gaol. However, from the 1820s onward very few hangings, public or private, took place at Kilmainham.

Famous prisoners

, 1796
* Oliver Bond, 1798 (Bond, a native of St. Johnston, Co. Donegal, was to die in the gaol).
* James Bartholomew Blackwell, 1799
* James Napper Tandy, 1799
* Robert Emmet, 1803
* Anne Devlin, 1803
* Thomas Russell, 1803
* Michael Dwyer, 1803
* William Smith O'Brien, 1848
* Thomas Francis Meagher, 1848
* Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa, 1867
* John O'Connor Power, 1867
* J. E. Kenny, 1881
* Charles Stewart Parnell, 1881
* William O'Brien, 1881
* James Joseph O'Kelly, 1881
* John Dillon, 1882
* Willie Redmond, 1882
* Joe Brady, (Phoenix Park murders) 1883
* Daniel Curley, (Phoenix Park murders) 1883
* Tim Kelly, (Phoenix Park murders) 1883
* Thomas Caffrey, (Phoenix Park murders) 1883
* Michael Fagan, (Phoenix Park murders) 1883
* Michael Davitt
* Patrick Pearse, 1916
* James Connolly, (Executed, but not held at, Kilmainham) 1916
* Countess Markiewicz, 1916
* Éamon de Valera, 1916
* Joseph Plunkett, 1916.
* Michael O'Hanrahan, 1916
* Edward Daly, 1916
* Willie Pearse, (Younger brother of Padraig, who was unaware his brother was also to be executed) 1916
* Grace Gifford, (Wife of Joseph Plunkett) (1922)
* Ernie O'Malley, during the Civil War.
* Peadar O'Donnell, during the Civil War.
* Thomas MacDonagh, 1916

Films

The following films have been filmed at Kilmainham Gaol

* "The Quare Fellow", 1962
* "The Face of Fu Manchu", 1965 (starring Christopher Lee)
* "The Italian Job", 1969
* "In the Name of the Father", 1993
* "Michael Collins", 1996
* "Boondock Saints", 1999 Fact|date=June 2008
* "The Wind That Shakes The Barley", 2006
* "The Escapist", 2008 (starring Brian Cox)A music video for the U2 song "A Celebration" was filmed in Kilmainham jail in 1982. [http://youtube.com/watch?v=HBP64ZssRNY]

Photographs

ee also

* Royal Hospital Kilmainham

External links

*http://www.heritageireland.ie/en/Dublin/KilmainhamGaol/
* [http://www.explore.ie/ireland/article.php?ID=107 History of Kilmainham Gaol]
* [http://www.kilmainham-gaol.com/ Protect Kilmainham Gaol Campaign]
* [http://www.retrospekt.net/slideshow/kilmainhambw/index.html Retrospekt.net: Kilmainham Gaol]
* [http://www.liveireland.com/podcast/Kilmainham_Gaol.mp3 Podcast about Kilmainham Gaol by liveireland.com]