Tzintzuntzan

Tzintzuntzan is a city in the state of Michoacán, Mexico, located at coord|19|37|N|101|35|W|. Tzintzuntzan stands on the eastern shore of Lake Pátzcuaro, about 15 km north of the city of Pátzcuaro and about 60 km west of state capital Morelia, and at some 2050 m above sea level.It serves as the administrative seat for the surrounding municipality of the same name and, in the 2000 census, reported a population of 3,610 people.

P'urhepecha capital

The city was founded in the 13th century by the indigenous P'urhépecha people, and in the 13th century it became the capital of the Tarascan state replacing nearby Ihuatzio. Its name means "Place of the Hummingbirds" in the P'urhé language.

The Pre-Columbian city of Tzintzuntzan covered an area of about 7 km². The site, which stands on a hillside above the modern town, has the remains of many step pyramids of a design typically used by the P'urépecha in their ritual buildings, known locally as "yácatas" (by extension, the present-day archaeological site is also known as "Las Yácatas"). The Tzintzuntzan yácatas are of several different shapes, some rectangular, some oval or circular, and others in the distinctive Tarascan "T" shape. The population of the ancient city is estimated to have peaked at somewhere between 25,000 to 35,000 people. [Smith, p. 411]

The population of the entire Lake Pátzcuaro basin was between 60,000 to 100,000, spread among 91 settlements of which Tzintzuntzan was the largest. [Adkins.]

Tzintzuntzan was still the P'urhépecha capital when the Spaniards arrived in 1522. First contact, led by Nuño de Guzmán arrived in 1529, Chieftain Tangaxuan II was burned alive and the city largely dismantled to provide stones for Roman Catholic temples and civic buildings, most notably the large 16th century Franciscan Monastery of Santa Ana. Following the disgrace and recall of Nuño de Guzmán, Vasco de Quiroga was sent to the region, and Tzintzuntzán served as the headquarters of Spanish power in the area until the bishopric was relocated to Pátzcuaro in 1540.

Present-day municipality

The modern town of Tzintzuntzan is known for the basketry and weaving produced there. The Monastery of Santa Ana is also still standing. It is home to several allegedly miraculous relics and icons and is reputed to have growing on its grounds what were the first olive trees to be planted in America.

Tzintzuntzan municipality covers a total of 165 km². In addition to the municipal seat, the other main settlements are Ihuatzio, Cucuchuchu, and Los Corrales. In 1995, the municipality's total population numbered some 12,500, of whom 2550 spoke a Native American language (principally Purépecha and Ixcatec).

Footnotes

References

*cite paper |author=Adkins, Julie |date=n.d. |title=Mesoamerican Anomaly? The Pre-Conquest Tarascan State |url=http://faculty.smu.edu/rkemper/anth_3311/anth_3311_adkins_tarascan_paper.htm |publisher=Southern Methodist University Department of Anthropology
*cite journal |author=Smith, Michael E. |year=2005 |title=City Size in Late Post-Classic Mesoamerica |url=http://www.public.asu.edu/%7Emesmith9/1-CompleteSet/MES-05-CitySize.pdf |format=PDF |journal=Journal of Urban History |volume=31 |issue=4 |month=May |pages=403 |doi=10.1177/0096144204274396

External links

* [http://www.michoacan.gob.mx/municipios/101tzintzuntzan.htm Tzintzuntzan municipal website]
* [http://www.tourbymexico.com/michoa/tzin/tzin.htm Tzintzuntzan page on TourByMexico.com] – with photos of the town and the ruins
* [http://www.inah.gob.mx/zoar/htme/za01306.html Tzintzuntzan archaeological site] (National Institute of Anthropology and History)