Calbuco (volcano)

Calbuco
Calbuco viewed from the north alongside Road 225 on the shores of Llanquihue Lake. (11-Feb-2010)
Elevation	2,003 m (6,572 ft)
Location
Location	Chile
Range	Andes
Coordinates	41°19′S 72°36′W / 41.32°S 72.60°W / -41.32; -72.60
Geology
Type	Stratovolcano
Age of rock	Pleistocene
Volcanic arc/belt	South Volcanic Zone
Last eruption	1972

Calbuco is a stratovolcano in southern Chile, located southeast of Llanquihue Lake and northwest of Chapo Lake, in the Los Lagos Region. The volcano and the surrounding area are protected within Llanquihue National Reserve. It is a very explosive andesite volcano that underwent edifice collapse in the late Pleistocene, producing a volcanic debris avalanche that reached the lake.

Volcanic activity

Calbuco has had at least 9 eruptions since 1837, with the latest one in 1972. One of the largest historical eruptions in southern Chile took place there in 1893–1894. Violent eruptions ejected 30-cm bombs to distances of 8 km from the crater, accompanied by voluminous hot lahars. Strong explosions occurred in April 1917, and a lava dome formed in the crater accompanied by hot lahars. Another short explosive eruption in January 1929 also included an apparent pyroclastic flow and a lava flow. The last major eruption of Calbuco, in 1961, sent ash columns 12–15 km high and produced plumes that dispersed mainly to the SE and two lava flows were also emitted. There was a minor, 4-hour eruption on August 26, 1972. Strong fumarolic emission from the main crater was observed on August 12, 1996.

Gallery

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  Calbuco viewed from the north alongside Road 225 on the shores of Llanquihue Lake. (11-Feb-2010)

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  From Osorno volcano. (28-Jul-2006)

See also

• List of volcanoes in Chile

References

• González-Ferrán, Oscar (1995). Volcanes de Chile. Santiago, Chile: Instituto Geográfico Militar. p. 640 pp. ISBN 956-202-054-1.  (in Spanish; also includes volcanoes of Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru)
• "Calbuco". Global Volcanism Program, Smithsonian Institution. http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1508-02=. 
• Biggar, John (2005). The Andes: A Guide for Climbers (3rd ed.). Andes Publishing (Scotland). p. 304 pp. ISBN 0-9536087-2-7. http://www.andes.org.uk/.