Demographics of Mauritius

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Mauritius, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Mauritian society includes people from many different ethnic groups. A majority of the republic's residents are the descendants of people from the Indian subcontinent. Mauritius also contains substantial populations from continental Africa, Madagascar, France, Great Britain, and China, among other places.

Ancestry

The Indo-Mauritians (when the ethnic groups are combined) and Creoles (of African descent) are the predominant population. There are approximately 30,000 Mauritians of Chinese descent, from the Hakka and Cantonese language groups. More than 90% of the Sino-Mauritian community are Roman Catholic^{[citation needed]}, the remainder are largely Buddhist.^[1]

While there is a small population of British citizens living in Mauritius, most of whom have Mauritian nationality, few identify as being Mauritian. The term Anglo-Mauritian, a term which may include Mauritians living in the UK, is used unofficially.

Though the Franco-Mauritian group is small, it is the largest of the European ancestries on the island. Small groups of foreign students from Europe or the Indian Ocean region are also present. Recent years have seen a steady flow of foreign workers into the textile industry (primarily Chinese women), the construction industry (primarily Indian workers), and harbour-related activities (primarily Taiwanese men). Immigration policy does not provoke much debate in Mauritius, and the relative economic stability of the island serves to attract foreign workers^{[citation needed]}.

Vital statistics^[2][3][4]

Mauritius has an estimated population of 1,283,415 on December 31, 2010. 15,005 children were born in 2010 (birth rate 11.7 per 1,000).^[5]

The table below presents the population development of Mauritius since 1900. The figure up to 1945 are for the island of Mauritius only. As of 1946 the island of Rodrigues is included.

	Average population (x 1000)	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate (per 1000)	Crude death rate (per 1000)	Natural change (per 1000)
1900	371	14 490	13 695	795	38.6	36.5	2.1
1901	371	12 910	14 970	-2 060	34.8	40.4	-5.6
1902	371	13 495	12 716	779	35.9	33.8	2.1
1903	371	13 611	15 034	-1 423	36.3	40.1	-3.8
1904	371	14 103	12 064	2 039	37.2	31.9	5.3
1905	370	14 043	15 379	-1 336	37.2	40.7	-3.5
1906	370	12 669	15 124	-2 455	33.6	40.0	-6.4
1907	370	14 186	13 037	1 149	37.7	34.6	3.1
1908	370	13 456	15 094	-1 638	36.0	40.3	-4.3
1909	369	12 837	13 761	- 924	34.4	36.9	-2.5
1910	369	13 329	12 488	841	36.1	33.8	2.3
1911	369	14 585	12 204	2 381	39.2	32.8	6.4
1912	370	13 209	14 429	-1 220	35.5	38.8	-3.3
1913	371	15 153	13 201	1 952	40.8	35.5	5.3
1914	372	15 229	12 134	3 095	40.8	32.5	8.3
1915	373	13 094	13 101	- 7	34.8	34.8	-0.0
1916	374	13 162	11 432	1 730	35.0	30.4	4.6
1917	375	13 887	12 234	1 653	36.9	32.5	4.4
1918	375	13 109	12 794	315	34.8	33.9	0.9
1919	375	13 261	24 455	-11 194	35.2	64.9	-29.7
1920	376	12 791	11 773	1 018	35.1	32.3	2.8
1921	376	14 360	15 159	- 799	38.1	40.3	-2.2
1922	376	13 955	12 967	988	37.0	34.5	2.5
1923	377	13 879	10 778	3 101	36.8	28.5	8.3
1924	380	15 430	10 558	4 872	41.1	28.1	13.0
1925	383	16 545	9 327	7 218	42.6	24.9	17.7
1926	386	15 520	9 958	5 562	39.4	25.3	14.1
1927	389	13 748	10 015	3 733	34.5	25.1	9.4
1928	391	15 206	11 342	3 864	37.9	28.2	9.7
1929	393	13 771	12 413	1 358	34.0	30.7	3.3
1930	393	12 793	14 341	-1 548	31.6	35.4	-3.8
1931	393	11 941	15 467	-3 526	29.7	38.4	-8.7
1932	390	10 266	12 848	-2 582	25.7	32.2	-6.5
1933	390	13 479	10 615	2 864	33.8	26.6	7.2
1934	392	13 516	10 069	3 447	33.7	25.1	8.6
1935	394	13 246	10 445	2 801	32.8	25.8	7.0
1936	398	13 867	10 500	3 367	34.1	25.8	8.3
1937	400	14 097	11 527	2 570	34.4	28.1	6.3
1938	402	13 420	12 046	1 374	32.6	29.2	3.4
1939	405	14 578	11 340	3 238	35.2	27.4	7.8
1940	407	12 145	10 373	1 772	29.1	24.9	4.2
1941	407	13 430	10 436	2 994	32.2	25.0	7.2
1942	408	13 553	11 927	1 626	32.5	28.6	3.9
1943	410	13 604	10 642	2 962	32.6	25.5	7.1
1944	419	18 258	11 355	6 903	43.4	27.0	16.4
1945	424	16 290	15 277	1 013	38.4	36.0	2.4
1946	437	16 939	12 678	4 261	38.8	29.0	9.8
1947	445	19 458	8 830	10 628	43.7	19.8	23.9
1948	455	19 429	10 680	8 749	42.7	23.5	19.2
1949	458	20 931	7 523	13 408	45.7	16.4	29.3
1950	479	23 667	6 611	17 056	49.4	13.8	35.6
1951	498	23 543	7 305	16 238	47.3	14.7	32.6
1952	514	24 689	7 569	17 120	48.0	14.7	33.3
1953	537	24 428	8 550	15 878	45.5	15.9	29.6
1954	551	22 513	8 587	13 926	40.9	15.6	25.3
1955	570	23 612	7 260	16 352	41.4	12.7	28.7
1956	591	25 666	6 910	18 756	43.4	11.7	31.7
1957	609	26 055	7 823	18 232	42.8	12.8	29.9
1958	627	25 398	7 307	18 091	40.5	11.7	28.9
1959	644	24 792	7 040	17 752	38.5	10.9	27.6
1960	662	26 017	7 588	18 429	39.3	11.5	27.8
1961	680	27 028	6 697	20 331	39.7	9.8	29.9
1962	700	27 162	6 485	20 677	38.8	9.3	29.5
1963	715	28 859	6 912	21 947	40.4	9.7	30.7
1964	735	28 610	6 421	22 189	38.9	8.7	30.2
1965	754	27 195	6 637	20 558	36.1	8.8	27.3
1966	773	27 831	6 944	20 887	36.0	9.0	27.0
1967	789	24 471	6 750	17 721	31.0	8.6	22.5
1968	804	25 409	7 382	18 027	31.6	9.2	22.4
1969	815	22 621	6 733	15 888	27.7	8.3	19.5
1970	828	22 765	6 520	16 245	27.5	7.9	19.6
1971	841	21 926	6 436	15 490	26.1	7.7	18.4
1972	851	21 495	6 753	14 742	25.3	7.9	17.3
1973	869	20 015	6 779	13 236	23.0	7.8	15.2
1974	881	24 002	6 424	17 578	27.3	7.3	20.0
1975	891	22 557	7 201	15 356	25.3	8.1	17.2
1976	903	23 274	6 968	16 306	25.8	7.7	18.0
1977	918	23 859	7 154	16 705	26.0	7.8	18.2
1978	934	25 278	6 596	18 682	27.1	7.1	20.0
1979	948	26 163	6 871	19 292	27.6	7.2	20.3
1980	966	26 294	6 919	19 375	27.2	7.2	20.1
1981	981	24 967	6 653	18 314	25.5	6.8	18.7
1982	993	22 459	6 584	15 875	22.6	6.6	16.0
1983	1 002	21 073	6 532	14 541	21.0	6.5	14.5
1984	1 011	20 332	6 646	13 686	20.1	6.6	13.5
1985	1 021	19 376	6 906	12 470	19.0	6.8	12.2
1986	1 028	19 170	6 805	12 365	18.6	6.6	12.0
1987	1 037	20 033	6 753	13 280	19.3	6.5	12.8
1988	1 043	20 941	6 879	14 062	20.1	6.6	13.5
1989	1 051	21 822	7 149	14 673	20.8	6.8	14.0
1990	1 059	22 602	7 031	15 571	21.3	6.6	14.7
1991	1 070	22 197	7 027	15 170	20.7	6.6	14.2
1992	1 084	22 902	7 023	15 879	21.1	6.5	14.6
1993	1 098	22 329	7 433	14 896	20.3	6.8	13.6
1994	1 113	21 795	7 402	14 393	19.6	6.7	12.9
1995	1 122	20 549	7 465	13 084	18.3	6.7	11.7
1996	1 134	20 763	7 670	13 093	18.3	6.8	11.5
1997	1 148	20 012	7 986	12 026	17.4	7.0	10.5
1998	1 160	19 434	7 839	11 595	16.8	6.8	10.0
1999	1 175	20 311	7 944	12 367	17.3	6.8	10.5
2000	1 187	20 205	7 982	12 223	17.0	6.7	10.3
2001	1 200	19 696	7 983	11 713	16.4	6.7	9.8
2002	1 210	19 983	8 310	11 673	16.5	6.9	9.6
2003	1 223	19 343	8 520	10 823	15.8	7.0	8.8
2004	1 233	19 230	8 475	10 755	15.6	6.9	8.7
2005	1 243	18 820	8 646	10 174	15.1	7.0	8.2
2006	1 253	17 604	9 162	8 442	14.0	7.3	6.7
2007	1 261	17 034	8 498	8 536	13.5	6.7	6.8
2008	1 268	16 372	9 004	7 368	12.9	7.1	5.8
2009	1 275	15 344	9 222	6 122	12.0	7.2	4.8
2010	1 281	15 005	9 131	5 874	11.7	7.1	4.6

Language

See also: Mauritian Creole and Languages of Mauritius

Picture from the 1950s of the Central Market, Port Louis, Mauritius.

The main languages spoken in Mauritius are Mauritian Creole, French and English. English is the only official language but the lingua franca is Mauritian Creole and the newspapers and television programmes are usually in French.^[6]

Mauritian Créole, which is spoken by 90 percent of the population, is considered to be the native language of the country and is used most often in informal settings.^[7] It was developed in the 18th century by slaves who used a pidgin language to communicate with each other as well as with their French masters, who did not understand the various African languages. The pidgin evolved with later generations to become a casual language.^[8] Mauritian Creole is a French-based creole due to its close ties with French pronunciation and vocabulary.^[9]

Religion

The religions present in the republic are Hinduism (52%), Roman Catholicism (28%), Islam (16.6%), Buddhism (2.5%), Adventist Protestantism (2%) and Sikhism (0.3%).^[10]

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

Demographics of Mauritius, Data of FAO, year 2005 ; Number of inhabitants in thousands.

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Age structure:
0–14 years: 22.5% (male 147,136/female 142,121)
15–64 years: 70.4% (male 449,176/female 455,057)
65 years and over: 7.1% (male 36,309/female 54,465) (2010 est.)

Population growth rate: 0.776% (2010 est.)

Sex ratio:
at birth: 1 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2000 est.)

Infant mortality rate: 17.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2000 est.) - 12.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 74 years
male: 70.53 years
female: 77.65 years (2010 est.)

Total fertility rate: 2.02 children born/woman (2000 est.) 1.80 children born/woman (2010 est.)

Nationality:
noun: Mauritian(s)
adjective: Mauritian

Ethnic groups: Indian 68%, Creole 27%, Chinese 3%, French 2%

Religions: Hinduism 52%, Christianity 28.3% (Roman Catholicism 26%, Protestant 2.3%), Islam 16.6%, other 3.1%

Languages: English (Official), French, Mauritian Creole, Hindi, Tamil, Marathi, Bhojpuri, Hakka.

Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 84.4%
male: 88.4%
female: 80.5% (2000 est.)

References

1. ^ Eriksen 1998, p. 82
2. ^ B.R. Mitchell. International historical statistics 1750-2005: Africa. Asia and Oceania
3. ^ http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm#2001 United nations. Demographic Yearbooks
4. ^ Central Statistics Office
5. ^ [1]
6. ^ "Coexistence International at Brandeis University" (PDF). http://www.brandeis.edu/coexistence/linked%20documents/Nigel%20-%20Mauritius%20FINAL.pdf. Retrieved 2010-07-04. 
7. ^ English Usage in Mauritius
8. ^ Facts and Figures
9. ^ Holm, J. (1989). Pidgins and Creoles. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 476. http://books.google.ca/books?id=PcD7p9y3EIcC&printsec=frontcover&cad=0#v=onepage&q=&f=false. , p.353.
10. ^ Intute - World Guide - Mauritius

• Eriksen, Thomas Hylland (1998), Common Denominators: Nation-building and Compromise in Mauritius, Berg Publishers, ISBN 9781859739594