Cerebral laceration

Cerebral laceration
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	S06.2, S06.3
ICD-9	851

A cerebral laceration is a type of traumatic brain injury that occurs when the tissue of the brain is mechanically cut or torn.^[1] The injury is similar to a cerebral contusion; however, according to their respective definitions, the pia-arachnoid membranes are torn over the site of injury in laceration and are not torn in contusion.^[2][3] Lacerations require greater physical force to cause than contusions,^[1] but the two types of injury are grouped together in the ICD-9 and ICD-10 classification systems.

A fifth of people with cerebral lacerations have a lucid interval and no significant changes in level of consciousness.^[2] The level of consciousness decreases as the laceration bleeds and blood begins to build up within the skull.^[2]

Cerebral lacerations usually accompany other brain injuries and are often found with skull fractures on both sides of the head.^[2] Frequently occurring in the same areas as contusions, lacerations are particularly common in the inferior frontal lobes and the poles of the temporal lobes.^[1] When associated with diffuse axonal injury, the corpus callosum and the brain stem are common locations for laceration.^[1] Lacerations are very common in penetrating and perforating head trauma and frequently accompany skull fractures; however, they may also occur in the absence of skull fracture.^[1] Lacerations, which may result when brain tissue is stretched, are associated with intraparenchymal bleeding (bleeding into the brain tissue).^[1]

A cerebral laceration with large amounts of blood apparent on a CT scan is an indicator of poor prognosis.^[2] The progression and course of complications (health effects that result from but are distinct from the injury itself) do not appear to be affected by a cerebral laceration's location or a mass effect it causes.^[2]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Hardman JM, Manoukian A (2002). "Pathology of Head Trauma". Neuroimaging Clinics of North America 12 (2): 175–187, vii. doi:10.1016/S1052-5149(02)00009-6. PMID 12391630. 
2. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Granacher RP (2007). Traumatic Brain Injury: Methods for Clinical & Forensic Neuropsychiatric Assessment, Second Edition. Boca Raton: CRC. pp. 26. ISBN 0-8493-8138-X. http://books.google.com/?id=xt1YFydzXKQC&pg=PA32&lpg=PA32&dq=focal+diffuse+brain+injury+. Retrieved 2008-07-06. 
3. ^ Gennarelli GA, Graham DI (2005). "Neuropathology". In Silver JM, McAllister TW, Yudofsky SC. Textbook Of Traumatic Brain Injury. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. pp. 29. ISBN 1-58562-105-6. http://books.google.com/?id=3CuM6MviwMAC&pg=PA47&dq=neurotrauma. Retrieved 2008-06-10.