Massy, Essonne

Massy
Location (in red) within Paris inner and outer suburbs
Location within Île-de-France region  Massy
Administration
Country	France
Region	Île-de-France
Department	Essonne
Arrondissement	Palaiseau
Intercommunality	Europ'Essonne
Mayor	Vincent Delahaye (PR) (2008–2014)
Statistics
Elevation	55–110 m (180–360 ft)
Land area1	9.43 km2 (3.64 sq mi)
Population2	40,804  (2006)
- Density	4,327 /km2 (11,210 /sq mi)
INSEE/Postal code	91377/ 91300
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.
2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Coordinates: 48°43′51″N 2°16′17″E / 48.7309455°N 2.2713161°E / 48.7309455; 2.2713161

Massy is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 14.7 kilometres (9.1 mi) from the center of Paris.

Population

Massy underwent rapid development within a short period of time, transforming from a large borough of 6000 inhabitants in 1950 to a town exceeding 37000 inhabitants in 1968. Since then, its population of around 40000 has remained relatively stable.

The inhabitants of Massy are known as Massicois.

Transport

Massy is served by two interchange stations on Paris RER line B and RER line C: Massy – Verrières and Massy – Palaiseau.

There is also a TGV station, called Massy TGV, which is adjacent to Massy – Palaiseau station and is one of only three specially-built TGV stations in the suburbs of Paris (the two others are at Disneyland Resort Paris and at Charles de Gaulle International Airport).

History

The etymological origin of Massy is still very dubious. This name could result from the name of an owner of a villa of the Gallo-Roman time, original site of the village. Called Matius or Matheus, the name of his property then village would have been subjected to deformations due to language and the passing of time to become Massy. Located near the road between Paris and Chartres, the villa was undoubtedly built on a height (the Gaudon Mount) and formed the starting point of a human establishment. The argillaceous subsoil explains the formation of a clearing within the forest and the numerous stretches of water in the surrounding area.

During the Middle Ages and until the end of the Ancien Régime, the lordly estates divided up the territory of the current commune, assigning a majority part to the ecclesiastical institutions and in particular the abbey of St-Germain-des-Prés. In the 10th century, the line of the lords of Massy was established; their title of nobility was to become a barony (nowadays the Grimaldi-Monaco family)..

Before 1900, the history of the city was similar to that of the rural boroughs of Ile-de-France. After the Revolution, the town remained rural. The population followed an evolution identical to that of the rest of the region. It underwent the same wars, epidemics and rebellions. The massicois practiced mainly agricultural trades (gardeners, vine growers), even if local arts and crafts were always present. The tile factory, abandoned after the Second World war, was the town's oldest industry.

It is with the beginning of the 20th century that the face of Massy changes: from being a rural village, it transforms into a town increasing subjected to the attraction of Paris. Once with a population of just 1,400 people, nowadays, the town of Massy holds almost 40,000 inhabitants. At the end of the 19th century, the development of railways supported the construction of industries. The first allotments were born at the beginning of the century. The citie's urbanisation developed towards the districts of the Gravels and Villaine, where it was necessary to establish a school as early as 1927. It is the era of the “suburban house”.

During the Second World War, the marshalling yard of Massy-Palaiseau was considered a strategic rail junction. The bombardments of these infrastructures caused 88 victims and material damage throughout the town. In the post-war period, the reconstruction and development of the parisian agglomeration and its suburbs metamorphosed the town's geography. The housing crisis provoked an outrage, thus the "castor" movement established some residences in the east of the city. The establishment of a housing scheme on 145 hectares of the communes of Massy-Antony caused the population of Massy to double. The creation of a 'Priority Construction Zone' in Villaine 10 years later was intended to even out the town's urbanisation. This abrupt development of the town also modified its social structure: rejuvenation of the population, arrival of foreigners, etc. During the 1960s and 1970s, questions are raised about rapid urban development: housing problems and shantytowns, lack of public resources, requalification of certain factory sites, delinquency, etc. To satisfy the needs for this new population, many new infrastructures were created such as schools, hospitals, sports centres, swimming pools, arts centres, nurseries and parks. The establishment of a TGV station in 1991 is an asset for the economic development of the city. Nowadays, certain amenities have an influence which exceeds the communal and departmental circles, in particular opera and theatre. (Author: Municipal archives of Massy)

Administration

Massy is divided into two cantons:

The canton of Massy-Est contains 18,316 inhabitants; The canton of Massy-Ouest contains 19,396 inhabitants.

Personalities

• Nicolas Appert, inventor of the process of canning, in 1802 created in Massy a workshop employing fifty people in order to produce the preserves which have made it famous. The factory was destroyed in 1815, following the Prussian invasion. Nicolas Appert returned to Massy in 1836 and died there on 1 June 1841.^[1]

Nicolas Appert

• Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges, a famous historian, lived in Massy from 1883 until 1889, date of his death.
• Jacques-René Tenon was a surgeon in Salpêtrière. He owes his notoriety to the combat which he led for the development of hygiene in hospitals. He thus imposed the installation of individual beds and the isolation patients with contagious diseases. Today his estate accommodates the Orphelins Apprentis d'Auteuil.
• The Antoinette princess of Monaco was designated baroness of Massy by her younger brother, Rainier III de Monaco, in 1951.
• Alain Chabat, a famous actor, director and producer of cinéma.
• Johan Martial footballer
• Yaya Sanogo footballer

Places and monuments

• Château de Vilgénis : Built in 1823 in a 55 hectare park. In the park, a pond in the form of Napoleon's Bicornate was dug by the emperor's young brother, Jerôme Bonaparte.
• Massy has a opéra-théâtre which plays an important part in the essonian cultural life.
• Massy also has an arts cinema consisting of three rooms projecting films with their original soundtrack. Prices: €6.80 per showing or €4.60 with a season ticket costing €5 a year.

Massy Opéra

See also

• Communes of the Essonne department

References

• INSEE
• Mayors of Essonne Association (French)

1. ^ http://www.appert-aina.com

External links

• Massy town council website (French)
• Tourism office website (French)
• Mérimée database - Cultural heritage (French)
• Land use (IAURIF) (English)