Urban debate league

Part of the series Policy Debate

Organization

Policy debate competitions Inter-Collegiate policy debate

Format

Structure of policy debate · Resolution Constructive · Rebuttal · Prep Time Evidence · Flow

Participants

Affirmative · Negative · Judge

Types of Arguments

Stock Issues · Case· Disadvantage Counterplan · Kritik Impact calculus · Topicality

Argumentative Concepts

Offense · Defense · Turn · Drop · Fiat

v · policy debate teams from urban high schools in the United States. Usually, UDL's are located in large cities throughout the US, and work with predominantly minority students[1] History Early years There were various initiatives surrounding debate in urban areas in the early 1980s in Atlanta, Detroit, and Philadelphia. The 1960s saw a rapid expansion of interscholastic forensics - competitive speech and debate. Rapid growth by the National Forensic League and the forensic community as a whole was matched by a growing number of metropolitan leagues intended to increase tournament opportunities in areas where a number of speech and debate programs existed. The Philadelphia Senior High School Debate League was started in the School District in the mid-1960s. By 1965, a large Metro Forensic League which included speech, theater, and debate competition developed in Nashville. Many of those programs simply merged into the overall forensics community, but some continued to flourish as specialized, localized communities. By the early 1980s, approximately 30 Philadelphia teams were meeting once a week after school at Olney High School doing Policy Debate. The league became the Philadelphia Scholastic Debate League in 2007 with the support of the After School Activities Partnerships (ASAP) and switched to Public Forum debate in 2008. In the 1980s, the face of high school debate began to change. A growing awareness of the unequal access to debate spurred some individuals to focus on the need to expand access to disadvantaged groups in urban areas. Traditionally left out by financial constraints, many inner-city school students were completely excluded. The Detroit Public Debate League began in 1984 as an after-school partnership between the Detroit Gifted and Talented Program and Wayne State University Director of Debate George Ziegelmueller.[1] While developed as a "gifted" program, it was open to all Detroit communities and brought many socio-economically disadvantaged students into the activity. In Atlanta, the Urban Debate League was born as a graduate school research paper in 1983 that explored the hypothesis that debate might be a tool to level the playing field in education, and that words might be used to reduce violence in America’s cities. The initial Atlanta UDL was formed as a partnership between the Barkley Forum of Emory University and the Atlanta Public Schools. The concept took root and flourished, and by 1985, it was a fully established league.[2] Early program support for urban debate initiatives was granted through the National Forensic League and Phillips Petroleum by the early 1990s. Significant seed funding was then provided by the Open Society Institute (OSI) in the Spring of 1997 to take the initiative national, and OSI chose the Atlanta Urban Debate League model as the template to model in other cities.[3] As a result, Atlanta has traditionally been thought to be the basis for the urban debate network. By 2010, more than 40,000 urban public school students had competed in UDL tournaments, coming from over 400 high schools.[2] The once predominantly white, suburban activity has changed to more accurately reflect American society. And the tireless efforts of the National Association for Urban Debate Leagues, the Associated Leaders of Urban Debate, and the National Debate Project continue to promote, support, and assess this important educational reform movement. The Open Society Institute and New Leagues The most crucial component in making the Urban Debate League a national education reform movement was seed funding from George Soros’ Open Society Institute. In the spring of 1997, OSI launched its High School Debate Grantmaking Program, the purpose of which was to support initiatives that seek to institutionalize competitive debate opportunities in high schools in traditionally underserved communities. OSI already had a tradition of supporting high school debate through its network of foundations in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, where OSI had demonstrated that participation in debate fostered the skills that empower young people to actively participate as citizens of open society.[4] After the successful establishment at a successful Urban Debate League in New York City based on the Atlanta model, OSI continued its support for the Atlanta and New York leagues. By 2000, OSI had provided seed and support funding for leagues in Detroit, Tuscaloosa, Chicago, St. Louis, Kansas City]], the San FranciscoBay area, Baltimore, Providence, and Southern California. [3] Before ending the program, they had provided funding for the establishment of UDLs, adding Los Angeles, Newark, and Washington, D.C.. All of those leagues are still operating in 2010, and continue to serve students and provide educational opportunities that would otherwise not exist.[4] That continued operation shows that the OSI initiative has been a great success in creating a program that would be able to gain public and private support in order to continue even when the initial OSI grants ended. One example is the D.C. UDL. Since 2002, that league has raised over $800,000 to fund the continuing existence and growth of debate. In addition to OSI, the league has had contributions from the Fasken Foundation, the Donner Foundation, The Children and Youth Investment Trust Corporation, the D.C. Council on the Humanities, and the University of the District of Columbia.[5] The contributions of OSI and other funders has led multiple other donors to bring to fruition Urban Debate Leagues in their own cities. For instance, Friends of the Miami Dade Urban Debate League—a group of individuals, corporations, and foundations—established an Urban Debate League in Miami in 2005.[6] In 2006, a league formed in Boston. Since that time, it has received support from The Boston Public Schools, the Boston Foundation, The Carl and Ruth Shapiro Family Foundation, Social Venture Partners, Edvestors, The Mentor Newtork, The Harbus Foundation, the GMA Foundation, and the A.C. Ratshesky Foundation.[7] Also, the Einhorn Charitable Trust provided funding to found a UDL in Milwaukee in 2006.[5] As of October 2008, the Milwaukee program is no longer administered through or associated with Marquette University. In 2007, the Dallas Urban Debate Alliance brought debate to the Dallas Independent School District.[8] In 2008, a group of former high school and college debaters founded the Houston Urban Debate League to bring debate to at risk students in Houston. The Houston Independent School Board partnered with that group to support the start up of a 15 school league for the 2008-2009 school year. [9] The Community Education Initiative is leading an effort to establish a new UDL in Nashville for the 2010-2011 school year. The league being formed represents a collaboration between the Community Education Initiative, the Metro Nashville Public Schools, the Metro Forensic League, the National Association for Urban Debate Leagues, and the National Debate Project. [10] All over the country, funders, universities, and individuals who are called to make a difference in their communities are partnering to bring the benefits of debate to disenfranchised youth. UDLs today With the growth of Urban Debate Leagues across the country, there are several national entities that are committed to reaching as many students as possible with the power of debate. In 2002, the National Association for Urban Debate Leagues was created to provide national leadership of the Urban Debate Network. The National Debate Project (NDP)--a consortium of Emory University, Georgia State University, Tennessee State University, Clark Atlanta University, and New York University--works in the field of education reform, and promotes debate as a tool for empowering urban and rural youth living in America’s most socio-economically challenged communities. In 2003, urban debate moved into national prominence with an article in US News & World Report[11] and a feature story on 60 Minutes about the Baltimore Urban Debate League.[12] The sudden attention and the reduction of OSI support led to the formation of the National Debate Project in Atlanta and domestic activities by the International Debate Education Association (IDEA). At about this time Urban Debate Leagues began to develop their connections with the growing after-school programs movement: in 2004 and 2005 the NAUDL was invited to make presentations at the National Institute for Out of School Time and the Alliance for Excellent Education annual conferences.[6] In 2005, the Associated Leaders of Urban Debate (ALOUD) was formed, led by New York University (NYU) President John Sexton and Pitney Bowes CEO Michael Critelli. Major press coverage of the Urban Debate League movement and NDP projects has been featured in the New York Times, U.S. News and World Report, Seattle Times, Chicago Tribune, Baltimore Sun, Atlanta Journal-Constitution, Teacher Magazine, Chronicle for Higher Education, Christian Science Monitor, the web site for the White House, and on the CBS show 60 Minutes.[7] Current UDLs and associations Main article: List of urban debate leagues Funding The goal of the OSI's Urban Debate Program was to offer initial support to fund debate programs within urban communities, develop local stakeholders (e.g., university partners, community funders and school system support) and then to exit the equation. The concept was once local actors see the value of the program, sustaining investment in debate would become easier. Today, Urban Debate Leagues are funded primarily by one of three local institutions: urban public school systems, non-profit organizations dedicated to establishing a local UDL, or university debate programs engaged in community outreach.[citation needed] How it works Most UDLs function in their own unique way, and use different teaching methods to familiarize urban students with the format and application of policy debate. Most urban debate leagues recruit and train urban educators as coaches, though many also use university debaters or former debaters within the community to serve as assistant coaches. While all UDLs attempt to recruit volunteer support (e.g. tournament judges, tournament tab room coordinators, and lecturers at debate workshops for students), certain core costs of a UDL must be funded in order for the program to be sustainable including coach stipends, debate materials, and transportation to tournaments. Local debate programs have spawned other methods to integrate debate into their communities. Urban debate has expanded to include debate across the curriculum (as a classroom learning tool), public debates (partnering with community-based organizations), debates in prisons, and middle school competitions. UDLs have demonstrated a very high level of cost-effectiveness averaging less than $650 per student for a year's involvement in a program that researchers and media observers have widely recognized as unusually intensive in its academic focus, relative to other after-school programs.[citation needed] Resources National Association for Urban Debate Leagues A great demo debate video for novices Free policy debate video lectures from the Georgia Forensics Daily Dartmouth College's beginner workshop website offers free curriculum, lectures, and evidence for policy debaters Dartmouth College's advanced camp who was the first to offer a complete and free behind the scenes look at every day of the camp, including evidence, notes from discussions, and video lectures References ^ Ziegellmueller, George. “The Detroit Experience,” Contemporary Argumentation and Debate 19 (1998): 85. ^ "The Atlanta Urban Debate League: A Case Study in Sustainability," Seventh Diversity Recruitment and Retention in Debate Ideafest, Open Society Institute, New York, New York, June, 2002. ^ Building Open Societies: Soros Foundations Network 1997 Report: 166. ^ Breger, Beth. “Building Open Societies Through Debate,” Contemporary Argumentation and Debate 19 (1998): 66. ^ Einhorn Family Charitable Trust Establishes Debate Program in Milwaukee Schools Milwaukee Debate League. Retrieved September 1, 2008. ^ Alliance for Excellent Education, Second Annual High School Policy Conference, Oct. 5, 2004. Retrieved September 1, 2008. ^ In the news NDP website (hosted by Georgia State University). Retrieved September 1, 2008. Wikimedia Foundation. 2010. Игры ⚽ Поможем написать реферат Bavegem British Columbia Patriot Party Look at other dictionaries: Baltimore Urban Debate League — Infobox Non profit Non profit name = Baltimore Urban Debate League Non profit Non profit type = founded date = 1999 | founder = Open Society Institute Fund for Educational Excellence location = Baltimore, Maryland USA origins = key people =Pamela …   Wikipedia Austin Urban Debate League — Infobox Non profit Non profit name = Austin Urban Debate League Non profit Non profit type = founded date = 2004 founder = location = Austin, Texas USA origins = key people = Michael Cunningham , Executive Director area served = Austin… …   Wikipedia Jersey Urban Debate League — Infobox Non profit Non profit name = Jersey Urban Debate League Non profit Non profit type = founded date = 1978 founder = location = Newark, New Jersey, USA origins = key people =Brent Farrand, Executive Director area served = Baltimore City… …   Wikipedia Atlanta Urban Debate League — Infobox Non profit Non profit name = Atlanta Urban Debate League Non profit Non profit type = founded date = 1985 founder = location = Atlanta, Georgia USA origins = key people = area served = Atlanta Public Schools focus = Policy debate method …   Wikipedia District of Columbia Urban Debate League — Infobox Non profit Non profit name = District of Columbia Urban Debate League Non profit Non profit type = founded date = 2002 founder = location = Washington DC USA origins = key people = Colin Touhey, Executive Director area served = District… …   Wikipedia Southern California Urban Debate League — Infobox Non profit Non profit name = Southern California Urban Debate League Non profit Non profit type = founded date = 1996 founder = location = Fullerton, California origins = key people = Nise Frye, Executive Director area served = Fullerton… …   Wikipedia Schools in the Baltimore Urban Debate League — These are the member schools that compete in the Baltimore Urban Debate League in Baltimore, Maryland.High schools XXXX School is no longer in BUDLMiddle schoolsExternal links* [http://www.budl.org/schools BUDL website] Map of schools in BUDL …   Wikipedia Boston Debate League — Infobox Non profit Non profit name = Boston Debate League Non profit Non profit type = founded date = 2004 founder = location = Boston, Massachusetts USA origins = key people = Laura Sjoberg, Executive Director area served = Boston Public Schools …   Wikipedia Chicago Debate League — Infobox Non profit Non profit name = Chicago Urban Debate League Non profit Non profit type = founded date = 1997 founder = location = Chicago, Illinois USA origins = key people = Afina Lockhart, Executive Director area served = Chicago Public… …   Wikipedia Associated Leaders of Urban Debate — The Associated Leaders of Urban Debate (ALOUD) seeks to make debate available to more youth with a particular focus on underserved communities. 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