Black-faced Antbird

Black-faced Antbird
Female
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Thamnophilidae
Genus:	Myrmoborus
Species:	M. myotherinus
Binomial name
Myrmoborus myotherinus (Spix, 1825)

The Black-faced Antbird (Myrmoborus myotherinus) is a species of bird, about 12–13 cm (5 inches) long, in the antbird family Thamnophilidae. It is endemic in a wide range across the Amazon basin. It feeds on insects and spiders and sometimes follows army ants to catch the insects disturbed by their march.

Taxonomy

There are seven subspecies currently recognised, although some of these may represent separate species and others only clinal variation, and more research is needed into the species' taxonomy.^[2]

Description

The Black-faced Antbird is between 12–13 cm (5 inches) long and weighs around 16-22 g.^[2] The male of the nominate race is blueish grey above, with the wings and tail slightly darker, a black face, throat and wing tips. The female is duller, mostly olive-brown with black tipped wings and light buff underparts. The different races vary in the darkness of the male and colours and pattern of the female.

Distribution and habitat

The Black-faced Antbird is found in a wide range of about 4,800,000 km² across the Amazon basin in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland and foothill evergreen forest, generally bellow 1000 m. It prefers densely vegetated areas in light gaps (such as tree falls) in terra firme forest.^[2]

Behaviour

Food and feeding

The Black-faced Antbird feeds on insects and spiders, travelling in pairs or small family groups, usually within mixed-species feeding flocks.^[2] It progresses deliberately, hopping forward with occasional flaps and then pausing to scan for prey. It will regularly follow swarms of army ants, in order to catch insects flushed by the swarms,^[2] but it is not an obligate ant-follower. At swarms it is subordinate to obligate (or professional) ant-followers, but when they are absent it is dominant over other species.

Breeding

The nest of this species was first described in 2003 based on two nests found in Manu National Park, Peru.^[3] The nests are oven shaped suspended between thin branches. The nests had four layers, an inner layer of fine palm fibres, a layer of dry leaves, a structural layer composed of flexible vine stems and an outer layer of dry leaves that made the nest difficult to see. One of the nests contained a single egg, the other two eggs. The eggs were white with a light dusting of purple spots. Both parents participate in incubation and feeding the chicks. When the nest is threatened by predators the parents will give a broken-wing display in order to distract attention away from the nest.^[3]

Status

The worldwide population size and trends in population numbers have not been determined, but is it believed that the Black-faced Antbird is not threatened and so the species is evaluated as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.^[1]

References

1. ^ ^{a b} BirdLife International 2008. Myrmoborus myotherinus. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 18 December 2008.
2. ^ ^{a b c d e} Zimmer, K. & M. Isler (2003) "Family Thamnophilidae (Typical Antbirds)" P.p. 459–531 in del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Christie D. (editors). (2003). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 8: Broadbills to Tapaculos. Lynx Edicions. ISBN 84-87334-50-4
3. ^ ^{a b} Londoño, Gustav A. (2003). "First description of the nest and eggs of the Plumbeous (Myrmeciza hyperythra) and the Black-faced (Myrmoborus myotherinus) Antbirds" (PDF). Ornitologia Neotropical 14: 405–410. http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/ordwaylab/londono/pdf/Londono2003.pdf.