Gongylonema

Gongylonema
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Subkingdom:	Eumetazoa
(unranked):	Bilateria
Phylum:	Nematoda
Class:	Secernentea
Subclass:	Spiruria
Order:	Spirurida
Superfamily:	Spiruroidea
Family:	Gongylonematidae Hall, 1916
Genus:	Gongylonema Molin, 1857
Species
Nearly 40, see text
Synonyms
Gongylomene Vaullegeard., 1901 Gongylonemoides Lent & Freitas, 1937 Misonunus Petrov, 1910 Myzomimus Stiles, 1892 Progongylonema Hernandez-Rodriguez & Gutierrez-Palomino 1993

Gongylonema is a genus of thread-like nematode that was discovered in 1850 by Joseph Leidy^{[verification needed][citation needed]} and described by Molin in 1857. It is the only currently valid genus in the family Gongylonematidae, though the mysterious Spiruroides – usually placed in the Subuluridae, which are not closely related to Gongylonema among the Spiruria – might actually belong here. They are parasites of birds and mammals, transmitted by insects (especially beetles). Some 38 species are known, about 12 of which have been recorded in Europe.^[1]

Several species are significant parasites of domestic animals, causing gongylonemiasis. Human infection by these nematodes is very rare: since its discovery there were less than 100 people reported to be infected with these parasites^{[citation needed]}, always with the species G. pulchrum.^[2]

Species

Gongylonema aegypti Ashour & Lewis, 1986 Gongylonema aequispicularis Kadenazii, 1957 Gongylonema alecturae Johnston & Mawson, 1942 Gongylonema baylisi Freitas & Lent, 1937 Gongylonema beveridgei Mawson, 1971 Gongylonema brevispiculum Seurat, 1914 Gongylonema caucasica Kurashvili, 1941 Gongylonema confusum Sonsino, 1896 Gongylonema congolense Fain, 1955 Gongylonema dipodomysi Kruidenier & Peebles, 1958 Gongylonema dupuisi Quentin, 1965 Gongylonema fotedari Gupta & Trivedi, 1986 Gongylonema graberi Barre, 1980 Gongylonema ingluvicola Ransom, 1904 Gongylonema longispiculum Schulz, 1927 Gongylonema macrogubernaculum Lubimov, 1931 Gongylonema madeleinensis Diouf, Tidiane-Ba, Marchand & Vassiliades, 1997 Gongylonema marsupialis Vaz & Pereira, 1934

Gongylonema mesasiatica Sultanov, 1961 Gongylonema metopidiusi Gupta & Kumar, 1977 Gongylonema mexicanum Caballero & Zerecero, 1944 Gongylonema minimum[verification needed] Molin, 1857 Gongylonema monnigi Gongylonema mucronatum Seurat, 1916 Gongylonema musculi Rudolphi, 1819 Gongylonema neoplasticum Fibiger & Ditlevsen, 1914 Gongylonema pacoi Hernandez & Gutierrez, 1992 Gongylonema pithyusensis Mas-Coma, 1977 Gongylonema problematicum Schulz, 1924 Gongylonema pulchrum Molin, 1857 Gongylonema rodhaini Fain, 1948 Gongylonema saimirisi Artigas, 1933 Gongylonema soricis Fain, 1955 Gongylonema spalacis Schulz, 1927 Gongylonema verrucosum Giles, 1892

Footnotes

1. ^ Gibson (2007), Hallan (2007)
2. ^ BO (2005)

References

• Biology Online (BO) (2005): Gongylonema. Version of 2005-OCT-03. Retrieved 2008-NOV-04.
• Gibson, David (2007): Fauna Europaea – Gongylonema. Version of 2007-APR-19. Retrieved 2008-NOV-04.
• Hallan, Joel (ed.) (2007): Family Gongylonematidae. Version of 2007-AUG-07. Retrieved 2008-NOV-04.