Windows Home Server

Windows Home Server
Part of the Microsoft Windows family
Screenshot of the Windows Home Server Desktop
Developer
Microsoft
Website	microsoft.com/windowshomeserver/
Releases
Release date	4 November 2007; 4 years ago (2007-November-04)[info]
Current version	6.0 (Build 2423: Power Pack 3)[1] (24 November 2009; 2 years ago (2009-November-24))[info]
Source model	Closed source / Shared source
License	Proprietary commercial software
Kernel type	Hybrid
Succeeded by	Windows Home Server 2011
Support status
Mainstream support until 8 January 2013[2]

Windows Home Server, code-named Quattro, is a home server operating system from Microsoft. Announced on 7 January 2007, at the Consumer Electronics Show by Bill Gates, Windows Home Server is intended to be a solution for homes with multiple connected PCs to offer file sharing, automated backups, print server, and remote access.^[3][4]

Windows Home Server was released to manufacturing on 16 July 2007^[5] and officially released on 4 November 2007.^[6] Power Pack 1 for Windows Home Server was released on 20 July 2008,^[7] Power Pack 2 was released on 24 March 2009, and Power Pack 3 was released on 24 November 2009.^[1]

Windows Home Server is also the name of a family of server products for home users. The latest member of this family is Windows Home Server 2011, released on 6 April 2011.^[8]

Features

• Centralized backup - Allows backup of up to 10 PCs,^[9] using Single-instance storage technology to avoid multiple copies of the same file, even if that file exists on multiple PCs.^[10]
• Health monitoring - Can centrally track the health of all PCs on the network, including antivirus and firewall status.^[10]
• File sharing - Offers network shares for computers to store the files remotely, acting as a network-attached storage device. Separate categories are provided for common file types like Documents, Music, Pictures and Videos.^[10] The files are indexed for fast searching.^[11]
• Printer sharing - Allows a centralized print server to handle print jobs for all users.^[10]
• Shadow Copy - Takes advantage of Volume Shadow Copy Service to take point in time snapshots that allow older versions of files to be recovered.^[12]
• Headless operation - No monitor or keyboard is required to manage the device.^[10] Remote administration is performed by using the Windows Home Server Console client software provided in the bundle. Also supports Remote Desktop Services^[13] connections to the server while connected to the same LAN.^[14]
• Remote access gateway - Allows remote access to any connected PC on the network, including the server itself, over the Internet.^[14]
• Media streaming - Can stream media to an Xbox 360 or other devices supporting Windows Media Connect.^[10]
• Selective data redundancy - Guards against a single drive failure by duplicating selected data across multiple drives.^{[10][dated info]}
• Expandable storage - Provides a unified single and easily expandable storage space, removing the need for drive letters.^{[10][dated info]}
• Extensibility through add-Ins - Add-Ins allow third-party developers to extend the features and functionality of the server. Add-Ins can be developed using the Windows Home Server SDK, to provide additional services to the client computers or work with the data already on the server. Add-Ins can also be ASP.NET applications, hosted in IIS 6 running on WHS.^[11]
• Server backup - Backs up files which are stored within shared folders on the server to an external hard drive.

Technology

Home Server Console

Windows Home Server Console

The configuration interface is designed to be user friendly enough that it can be set up without prior knowledge of server administration. The configuration interface, called the Home Server Console, is delivered as a Remote Desktop Protocol application to remote PCs - while the application runs on the server itself, the UI is rendered on the remote system. The Home Server Console client application can be accessed from any Windows PC. The server itself requires no video card or peripherals; it is designed to require only an Ethernet card and at least one Windows XP, Windows Vista or Windows 7 computer.

Drive Extender

Windows Home Server Drive Extender was a file-based replication system that provided three key capabilities:^[15]

• Multi-disk redundancy so that if any given disk failed, data was not lost
• Arbitrary storage expansion by supporting any type of hard disk drive (Serial ATA, USB, FireWire etc.) in any mixture and capacity — similar in concept to JBOD
• A single folder namespace (no drive letters)

With drive extender, users could add larger capacity hard disk drives and then could offline lesser capacity drives to upgrade capacity inline. For example if the user was reaching capacity of the share with 5 Terabyte of the 6 Terabyte capacity used with 6 one Terabyte drives then the user could offline one of the 1 Terabyte drives and physically replace it with a 2 Terabyte drive. The WHS automatically equalizes the redistribution of used space across all available drives on a regular basis. The offline process would compress the used data across the minimum amount of drives allowing for the removal of one of the lesser capacity drives. Once replaced with a drive of higher capacity the system will automatically redistribute used capacity among the pool to ensure space capacity on each drive.

Users (specifically those who configure a family's home server) dealt with storage at two levels: Shared Folders and Disks. The only concepts relevant regarding disks was whether they had been "added" to the home server's storage pool or not and whether the disk appeared healthy to the system or not. This was in contrast with Windows' Logical Disk Manager which requires a greater degree of technical understanding in order to correctly configure a RAID array.

Shared Folders had a name, a description, permissions, and a flag indicating whether duplication (redundancy) was on or off for that folder.

If duplication was on for a Shared Folder (which was the default on multi-disk Home Server systems and not applicable to single disk systems) then the files in that Shared Folder were duplicated and the effective storage capacity was halved. However, in situations where a user may not have wanted data duplicated (e.g. TV shows that had been archived to a Windows Home Server from a system running Windows Media Center), Drive Extender provided the capability to not duplicate such files if the server was short on capacity or manually mark a complete content store as not for duplication.

Additional information can be found on the Windows Home Server Technical Brief for Drive Extender.

A known limitation of Drive Extender was that it in some cases changed date/timestamp of directories and files when data was moved around between disks. According to Microsoft this was expected behaviour. This caused unexpected behaviour when using clients that sort media based on date. Examples are Xbmc, MediaPortal, Squeezebox Server. The aforementioned programs worked fine with WHS; however, files may have appeared out of order due to this caveat.

Drive Extender Cancellation

On 23 November 2010, Microsoft announced that Drive Extender would be removed from Windows Home Server 2011.^[16] This announcement has led to public outcry in the announcement's comments section. Criticism of Drive Extender's removal is mainly related to it being seen as a core feature of Windows Home Server and a key reason for adoption.^[17] As a replacement for Drive Extender, Microsoft states that OEMs will use RAID on their Windows Home Server products.

Computer Backup and Restore

Windows Home Server Computer Backup automatically backs up all of the computers in a home to the server using an image-based system that ensures point-in-time-based restoration of either entire PCs or specific files and folders.^[18] Complete computer restores are initiated through a restore bootable CD, file based restores are initiated through the WHS client software which allows the users to open a backup and "drag and drop" files from it. This technology uses Volume Shadow Services (VSS) technology on the client computer to take an image based backup of a running computer. Because the backup operates on data at the cluster level, single instancing can be performed to minimize the amount of data that travels over the network and that will ultimately be stored on the home server. This single instancing gives the server the ability to store only one instance of data, no matter if the data originated from another computer, another file, or even data within the same file.

Computer backup images are not duplicated on the server, so if a server hard drive fails, backups could be lost. The "Server Backup" feature added in Power Pack 1 does not include duplication of backup images.

Remote File Access

Web Interface showing the shared files UI

The system also offers an SSL secured web browser based interface over the Internet to the shared file stores.^[19] The release version offers access to the web interface via a free Windows Live-provided URL, which uses Dynamic DNS. The web interface also allows the uploading to and downloading of files from the content stores.^[14] However, there is a limit of 2 GB for a single batch of upload.^[13]

Remote Desktop Services

The system also supports Terminal Services Gateway, allowing remote control of the desktop of any Windows computer on the home network.^[13][19] Currently supported systems are those which would normally support Remote Desktop: Windows XP Professional, Tablet and Media Center editions, Windows Vista Business, Enterprise and Ultimate editions and Windows 7 Professional, Enterprise and Ultimate editions. The web interface also supports embedding the Remote Desktop ActiveX control, to provide remote access to home computers from within the web interface directly. Remote sessions can also connect to the Home Server console to configure the server over the internet.^[13]

Add-Ins

Windows Home Server allows for developers to publish community and commercial add-ins designed to enhance the Windows Home Server with added functionality. As of January 2010, nearly 100 of these add-ins have been developed for WHS, including applications for antivirus & security, backups, disk management, automation, media, network/power management, remote access, BitTorrent and more. The Windows Home Server SDK (Software Development Kit) provides developers with a set of APIs and tools to use when developing for and extending Windows Home Server.

Compatibility

Windows Home Server features integration with Windows XP (SP2 or newer), Windows Vista, and Windows 7 (after the release of Power Pack 3) through a software installation, either from a client CD or via a network share.^[20] The connector software may also be installed by accessing http://yourserver:55000/, where a link is provided to download the connector software and to install troubleshooting tools. Files stored on Windows Home Server are also available through a Windows share, opening compatibility to a wide variety of operating systems. Also, the Administration console is available via Remote Desktop, allowing administration from unsupported platforms.

Windows Home Server does not support Microsoft's own MSE anti-virus program.^[21]

64-bit Windows client support was introduced in Power Pack 1, though the Restore Wizard on the Windows Home Server Restore CD is unable to restore clients running 64-bit operating systems.^[7] Windows XP Professional x64 isn't officially supported. However, unofficial workarounds allow Connector software to work on XP x64.^[22]

Integration of the file sharing service as a location for Mac OS X's Time Machine was apparently being considered,^[23] but upon Mac OS X Leopard's release, Apple had removed the ability to use the SMB file sharing protocol for Time Machine backups.^[24] One WHS provider, HP, provides their own plug-in with their home server line capable of Time Machine backup to a home server.^[25]

Windows Home Server has not officially supported Domain Controller capability and cannot readily join a Windows Server domain. Wireless networking is not currently supported.

Minimum system requirements

The following minimum specs are needed:^[26]

• 1.0 GHz Intel Pentium 3 (or equivalent) processor
• 512 MB RAM
• 65 GB internal hard drive as primary drive
• 100 Mbit/s wired Ethernet

Note: These requirements have been upgraded for Windows Home Server 2011

Additionally, the following are required for installation of the operating system only:

• Bootable DVD drive or USB stick
• Display
• Keyboard and mouse

Dedicated devices will have the operating system pre-installed and may be supplied with a server recovery disk which reloads the OS over a network connection. This is utilized on the HP MediaSmart Server,^[27] and the Fujitsu Siemens Scaleo Home Server.

Resolved issues

File corruption

The first release of Windows Home Server, RTM (Release to manufacturing), suffered from a file corruption flaw whereby files saved directly to or edited on shares on a WHS device could become corrupted.^[28] Only the files that had NTFS Alternate Data Streams were susceptible to the flaw.^[29] The flaw led to data corruption only when the server was under heavy load at the time when the file (with ADS) was being saved onto a share.^[30]

Backups of client PCs made by Windows Home Server were not susceptible to the flaw.^[30]

Even though the issue was first acknowledged in October 2007,^[31] Microsoft formally warned users of the seriousness of the flaw on 20 December 2007. Microsoft then issued a list of applications, including Windows Live Photo Gallery, Microsoft OneNote, Microsoft Outlook and SyncToy 2.0, which might have triggered the flaw if they were used to edit the files on a WHS share directly.^[28]

This issue was fixed by Power Pack 1, released on July 21, 2008.^[7]

No native backup

Windows Home Server RTM did not include a mechanism for backing up the server. Power Pack 1 added the ability to back up files stored on the Shared Folders, to an external drive.^[7] Users can also subscribe to 3rd-party online services, for a fee. However, there remains no way to back up the installed server operating system. Backing-up of the client backup database is available either manually using the instructions provided by Microsoft on page 24 of this document or can be done using the WHS BDBB add-in written by Alex Kuretz and available from this website.

Pricing

While some hardware manufacturers have developed dedicated boxes,^[32] Microsoft has also released Windows Home Server under the OEM/System Builder license. In November 2008, Microsoft lowered the price of the WHS System Builder SKU to US$100.^[33]

Users can also choose to use an existing PC or build their own systems, which would include the use of WHS System Builder.

As of March 23, 2009, Microsoft has also made Windows Home Server available to MSDN and Microsoft Technet subscribers.^[34]

Refund of Windows Home Server license fees

Some computer systems are available only with a bundled Windows Home Server license. As is the case with other versions of Windows it is possible to request a refund of the license fees paid for Windows Home Server.^[35]

References

1. ^ ^{a b} "Power Pack 3 instructions for users running pre-release versions". The Windows Blog. 24 November 2009. http://windowsteamblog.com/blogs/windowshomeserver/archive/2009/11/24/power-pack-3-instructions-for-users-running-pre-release-versions.aspx. Retrieved 24 November 2009. 
2. ^ "Windows Home Server Support Lifecycle". Microsoft. http://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/?p1=12624. Retrieved 2010-02-08. 
3. ^ "Microsoft press release announcing Windows Home Server". Microsoft. 2007-01-07. http://www.microsoft.com/Presspass/press/2007/jan07/01-08WindowsHomeServerPR.mspx. Retrieved 2007-01-08. 
4. ^ "Bill Gates keynote at the International Electronics Show 2007". Microsoft. 2007-01-07. http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/exec/billg/speeches/2007/01-07ces.mspx. Retrieved 2007-01-08. 
5. ^ "Ship it!". Former Windows Home Server Team Blog. Microsoft Corporation. 16 July 2007. http://blogs.technet.com/b/homeserver/archive/2007/07/16/ship-it.aspx. Retrieved 2 February 2011. 
6. ^ "Windows Home Server Available Now to Help Families Protect, Connect and Share Their Digital Experiences". Microsoft News Center. Redmond, Washington: Microsoft Corporation. 4 November 2007. http://www.microsoft.com/Presspass/press/2007/jan07/01-08WindowsHomeServerPR.mspx. Retrieved 2 February 2011. 
7. ^ ^{a b c d} "Power Pack 1 - come and get it!". 2008-07-21. http://blogs.technet.com/homeserver/archive/2008/07/21/power-pack-1-come-and-get-it.aspx. Retrieved 2008-07-22. 
8. ^ "Windows Home Server 2011 is Ready for Release". The Windows Blog. 29 March 2011. http://windowsteamblog.com/windows/b/windowshomeserver/archive/2011/03/29/windows-home-server-2011-is-ready-for-release.aspx. Retrieved 02 April 2011. 
9. ^ "Windows Home Server Blog : Speaking of the number 10". Microsoft. 2007-05-04. http://blogs.technet.com/homeserver/archive/2007/05/04/speaking-of-the-number-10.aspx. Retrieved 2007-05-07. 
10. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h} Paul Thurrott (2007-01-07). "Windows Home Server Preview". Windows SuperSite. http://www.winsupersite.com/reviews/whs_preview.asp. Retrieved 2007-01-08. 
11. ^ ^{a b} "Windows Home Server in depth: Remote Access and SDK". Ars Technica. http://arstechnica.com/reviews/os/Windows-Home-Server-the-Ars-Technica-review.ars/4. Retrieved 2007-10-15. 
12. ^ Nathan Weinberg (2007-01-07). "Windows Home Server In Detail". InsideMicrosoft. http://microsoft.blognewschannel.com/archives/2007/01/07/exclusive-windows-home-server-in-detail/. Retrieved 2007-04-28. 
13. ^ ^{a b c d} "Technical Brief for Windows Home Server Remote Access". http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=8505e3a8-bbbc-445d-ba65-13782661dcb0&DisplayLang=en. Retrieved 2007-10-04. 
14. ^ ^{a b c} "Remote Access to Files and PCs". Windows Home Server Team Blog. 2007-02-28. http://blogs.technet.com/homeserver/archive/2007/02/28/remote-access-to-files-and-pcs.aspx. Retrieved 2007-04-28. 
15. ^ "The Death of the Drive Letter ...". Windows Home Server Team Blog. 2007-02-15. http://blogs.technet.com/homeserver/archive/2007/02/15/the-death-of-the-drive-letter.aspx. Retrieved 2007-04-28. 
16. ^ http://windowsteamblog.com/windows/b/windowshomeserver/archive/2010/11/23/windows-home-server-code-name-vail-update.aspx
17. ^ "Microsoft storage: a litany of failure", Jon Honeyball, PCPro
18. ^ "Home Computer Backup". Windows Home Server Team Blog. 2007-02-08. http://blogs.technet.com/homeserver/archive/2007/02/08/home-computer-backup.aspx. Retrieved 2007-04-28. 
19. ^ ^{a b} "Microsoft Windows Home Server CTP Privacy Statement". Microsoft Connect. January 2007. http://connect.microsoft.com/WindowsHomeServer/content/content.aspx?ContentID=4318. Retrieved 2007-04-28. 
20. ^ "Installing Windows Home Server Connector Software Without the CD". 2009-08-12. http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee378523%28WS.10%29.aspx. Retrieved 2009-09-24. 
21. ^ "Windows Home Server is Incredibly Awkward". 2010-09-29. http://variableghz.com/2010/09/windows-home-server-is-incredibly-awkward/. Retrieved 2010-09-29. 
22. ^ http://mswhs.com/2008/03/13/existing-connector-software-works-on-windows-xp-x64-sp2/
23. ^ "Windows Home Server Preview". Paul Thurrott's SuperSite. 2007-01-07. http://www.winsupersite.com/reviews/whs_preview.asp. Retrieved 2008-07-02. 
24. ^ "Windows Home Server & Time Machine Fall Apart". christopherprice.net. 2007-10-26. http://www.christopherprice.net/windows-home-server-time-machine-fall-apart-63.html. Retrieved 2008-07-02. 
25. ^ Technology, Expert (2008-12-29). "New HP MediaSmart Server Adds MacOS Time Machine Support". blogspot.com. http://technologyexpert.blogspot.com/2008/12/new-hp-mediasmart-nas-adds-os-x-time.html. Retrieved 2009-03-02. 
26. ^ "Windows Home Server: Getting Started". Microsoft. 2007-07-26. http://download.microsoft.com/download/9/c/0/9c0ef09a-585f-4e20-a605-9f225cc11721/WHS_GettingStarted.pdf. Retrieved 2008-07-14. 
27. ^ http://www.hp.com/united-states/campaigns/mediasmart-server/index.html?jumpid=ex_r602_link/kimcon/zo/1Q09MediaSmartServer//DM:/351482/30295795/208134550/#/Main/
28. ^ ^{a b} "When you use certain programs to edit files on a home computer that uses Windows Home Server, the files may become corrupted when you save them to the home server". Microsoft. 2007-12-20. http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx/kb/946676/en-us?spid=12624. Retrieved 2007-12-27. 
29. ^ "Data files that contain NTFS alternate data streams can be corrupted on a Windows Home Server-based computer". Microsoft. http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx/kb/943393/en-us. 
30. ^ ^{a b} What’s the real story on the Windows Home Server data corruption bug?
31. ^ "Known Issue: KB943393 - Data corruption issues identified". Microsoft. 2007-10-02. Archived from the original on 2007-12-31. http://web.archive.org/web/20071231144315/http://forums.microsoft.com/WindowsHomeServer/ShowPost.aspx?PostID=2234532&SiteID=50. Retrieved 2007-12-27. 
32. ^ "List of dedicated WHS boxes offered by hardware manufacturers". http://www.microsoft.com/windows/products/winfamily/windowshomeserver/buy.mspx. 
33. ^ "Windows Home Server price cut, plus surprising storage stats". The Seattle Times. http://blog.seattletimes.nwsource.com/brierdudley/2008/11/05/windows_home_server_price_cut.html. 
34. ^ "Windows Home Server - Now available on MSDN". Windows Home Server Team Blog. 2009-03-23. http://blogs.technet.com/homeserver/archive/2009/03/23/windows-home-server-now-available-on-msdn.aspx. 
35. ^ "How to get a Windows Home Server license fee refund". http://ss4200.pbworks.com/Windows+refund+on+Scaleo+2200+%28SS4200-E%29. 

See also

• Home server
• File server
• Media server
• Network-attached storage
• Print server

Further reading

• "Windows Home Server Technical Brief for Drive Extender (Version 1.1)" (Office Open XML). Microsoft Download Center. Microsoft Corporation. 2008-09-15. http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/en/details.aspx?FamilyID=40c6c9cc-b85f-45fe-8c5c-f103c894a5e2&DisplayLang=en. Retrieved 2011-04-22. 

External links

Official

• Official website
• Windows Home Server Blog at The Windows Blog

Third party

• Home Server Show
• Using Windows Home Server
• MSWHS
• We Got Served
• Home Server Land
• Home Server Hacks