Los Angeles crime family

Los Angeles crime family

Joseph Ardizzone was the first Boss of the Los Angeles family.
In	Los Angeles, California
Founded by	Joseph Ardizzone
Years active	c. 1900–present
Territory	Southern California, Las Vegas
Ethnicity	Italian, Italian-American
Membership	14 made members[1] (2010 estimate)
Criminal activities	Racketeering, conspiracy, loansharking, money laundering, murder, extortion, gambling, skimming, drug trafficking, fencing, and fraud.
Allies	Buffalo crime family, Cleveland crime family, Kansas City crime family
Rivals	Various L.A. street gangs

The Los Angeles crime family is an Italian American criminal organization based in Los Angeles, as part of the American Mafia (or Cosa Nostra). Since its inception in the early 1900s, it has spread throughout Southern California. Like most Mafia families in the United States, the L.A. family gained power bootlegging during the Prohibition Era. The L.A. family reached its peak in the 1940s and early 1950s under Jack Dragna, who was on The Commission, although the L.A. family was never bigger than the New York or Chicago families. Since his death the crime family has been on a gradual decline, with the Chicago Outfit representing them on The Commission.^[2]

In the late 1970s, Aladena "Jimmy the Weasel" Fratianno became the second member in American Mafia history to testify against the Mafia.^[3] In 1981 a biography of Fratianno was published, The Last Mafioso by Ovid Demaris, which along with his court testimonies is the source for a lot of information on the history of the family. Since the 1980s, the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO Act) became a highly effective law in convicting mobsters and shrinking the American Mafia. Like all families in the United States, the L.A. Mafia only holds a fraction of its former power.

The current boss of the family is Peter Milano. The current family is small compared to other families and is involved in fraud, extortion, loan sharking, illegal gambling, drug trafficking, and legitimate businesses.^[4] Although not having to share power with other Mafia families like New York's Five Families, never having a strong Italian-American population in the region leaves the family to contend with the many street gangs in the "Gang Capital of America". The Los Angeles crime family is the last Mafia family left in the state of California.^[5]

Origins and predecessors

Los Angeles Times newspaper in 1917. Pictured in the top right corner are Sam Matranga and Tony Buccola. The drawing is a depiction of the murder of Pietro Matranga.

The early years of organized crime in California were marked by the division of various Italian street gangs such as the Black Hand organizations in the early 20th century. The most prominent of these was the Matranga family,^[6] a gang ran by relatives of Charles Matranga, founder of the New Orleans crime family. Their legitimate business was in fruit vending. Otherwise they used threats, violence, arson and extortion to control the Plaza area, which was the heart of the Italian American community of Los Angeles at the time. Its first leader was Orsario "Sam" Matranga who started leading the family in 1905. Sam's relatives Salvatore Matranga, Pietro "Peter" Matranga, and Antonio "Tony" Matranga were other members of the gang.

Joseph Cuccia was a well-respected criminal amongst the underworld, who served as a translator in court for Italians who didn't speak English.^[7] This made him a well liked man in the Italian community. When prominent Black Hand leader Joseph Ardizzone was involved in a dispute with George Maisano, a member of the Matranga gang, they both went to Cuccia to mediate the dispute. Cuccia was a relative of Ardizzone and member of his crime family. He ruled in Ardizzone's favor, causing the Matrangas to threaten harm on Cuccia. In response, Ardizzone shot and killed Maisano on July 2, 1906.^[8] Ardizzone then fled authorities and was a wanted fugitive.

With Ardizzone gone, the Matrangas fulfilled their promise of revenge. On September 25, 1906 Cuccia was shot and killed, allegedly by Tony Matranga. With both Ardizzone and Cuccia gone, the Matrangas were the dominant force in Los Angeles. However, their power was limited to within the Plaza community. To change this they cooperated with the police. Giving up information on their enemies and receiving immunity for most of their crimes, the Matrangas were able to expand their power and influence. Ardizzone returned to Los Angeles in 1914 and resumed his feud with the Matranga family. Sam and his successor Pietro "Peter" Matranga, were both murdered within 33 days of each other in 1917.^[9] Mike Marino (aka Mike Rizzo), an Ardizzone ally was responsible for the murders.^[10][11] While their next leader, cousin Tony Buccola was able to get revenge and kill Marino in 1919, many years of violence ruined the Matranga family. It was becoming clear that Ardizzone's faction was winning the war. With the rise of bootleggers in the 1920s, the Matranga's power declined and was eliminated with Buccola's disappearance in 1930.

Vito Di Giorgio, a Black Handler and grocery store owner, moved to the United States from Palermo, Sicily in 1904 Los Angeles from New Orleans in 1920. He was possibly the first boss of what would become the Los Angeles crime family.^[10] With the continuing Ardizzone-Matranga feud, Di Giorgio was able to relocate to Los Angeles and bring some order to the Los Angeles underworld.^[10] Di Giorgio was known as an intimidating and forceful man who was in conflict with several local underworld factions. He maintained strong connections with mobsters in New Orleans, Colorado, Chicago and was a cousin, close friend and had connections to New York City mobster Giuseppe Morello, the first boss of the Morello crime family.^[10] He survived two attempts on his life before he was murdered in Chicago in 1922 while having a haircut. His underboss Rosario DeSimone, who moved from Pueblo, Colorado to Los Angeles around the same time as Di Giorgio, was another longtime power figure who took control of rackets quietly in Los Angeles County.^[10] DeSimone officially stepped down from the top position in the 1920s, but was still the real power within his organization.

Albert Marco seized control of Los Angeles in the 1920s not by working with the local Mafia, but with the "City Hall Gang", a political machine in Los Angeles run by Kent Kane Parrot and Charles H. Crawford.^[12] This transformed Marco into the Vice Lord of Los Angeles, earning $500,000 from bordello prostitution alone.^[13] With Crawford and Parrot controlling city hall and the local press, the City Hall Gang was able to operate bootlegging, prostitution, and illegal gambling rackets in the shadows with little law enforcement scrutiny. This all changed when Marco was convicted of assault with a deadly weapon in 1928 and the City Hall Gang broke down after a reform movement swept L.A. in the late 1920s. Since then a host of mobsters fought to take control of liquor operations that Marco and the City Hall Gang previously dominated.^[12] In 1928 August Palumbo was the seventh bootleggers killed in a six week period.^[14] Palumbo was Marco’s lieutenant and was killed for refusing to merge his criminal operations with Rosario DeSimone. DeSimone’s lieutenant Dominic DiCiolla (aka Dominick De Soto) was acquitted of the murder and took control of Palumbo's liquor operations. When he tried to challenge higher powers by moving into syndicated gambling rackets, he was murdered in 1931.

History

Jack Dragna in 1915

Joseph "Iron Man" Ardizzone returned to California in 1914 and was acquitted of murdering Maisano in 1915 due to lack of evidence and no witnesses willing to testify.^[8] He quickly returned to power and took control of rackets in Los Angeles. Ardizzone teamed up with Jack Dragna and they worked closely together for over 10 years.^[6] During prohibition the two were successful in running bootlegging operations in Southern California as well as gambling and extortion. By the end of the 1920s he was rapidly expanding his power and influence. Under Ardizzone's tenure, organized crime began consolidating under his banner as he dominated criminal activities in L.A. In the late 1920s, Dragna and Johnny Roselli constantly battled Charlie Crawford for control of the lucrative bootlegging rackets.^[15] With the deaths of Buccola and DiCiolla in 1930 and 1931, respectively, Ardizzone (who was the prime suspect in both murders) was the undisputed leader of crime in L.A. He set up the Italian Protective League, with Dragna as its president, Ardizzone as its vice president, and California State Senator Joseph Pedrotti as its Chairman.^[14] The organization had some political and social motives, but mostly served as a strong-arm muscle for the crime family.^[16] His reign as boss was short-lived when he mysteriously disappeared in 1931.^[6] Ardizzone was in conflict with the Mafia's National Crime Syndicate on the East Coast, leading to Ardizzone's elimination.

Dragna era

From left to right: Louis Dragna, Tom Dragna, Frank Dragna, Girolamo "Momo" Adamo, and Frank Paul Dragna

Jack Dragna took control of the family after Ardizzone's death in 1931 and made peace with the National Syndicate. In addition, his brother Tom Dragna was made his consigliere while his nephew Louis Tom Dragna became a made man in 1947. Dragna was the most successful boss the L.A. family ever had. Although he wasn't able to infiltrate many of the labor unions in the entertainment industry, he involved the Los Angeles family in the entertainment business and brought the L.A. Mafia onto the national stage. He was honored with a place on The Commission, the only boss west of Chicago to hold a spot on the council. When prohibition ended in 1933, Dragna operated a massive loan shark and illegal gambling business. Along with close supporter John Roselli, Dragna's Mafia family ended local gang wars by driving older gambling syndicate headed by Guy McAfee and Milton "Farmer" Page out of business.^[17] Dragna and Roselli worked with Joe Shaw (the brother of Mayor Frank Shaw) to muscle out L.A. bookies, many of whom fled to Las Vegas.^[18] By 1937, Dragna controlled the gambling in Los Angeles.^[15]

For independent bookmakers, Dragna would use extortion to collect money from their operations. While most mobsters simply threatened harm on a business for not paying tribute to their organization (protection racket), Dragna’s family came up with a more sophisticated course of action. Dragna would send in men to threaten businesses, then the owners would pay Dragna for protection (unaware that these were Dragna's own men).^[19] Dragna wasn't however, able to control 100% of independent gambling rackets. Along with Dragna avoiding the spotlight and public life, he often was given the reputation as a weak ruler.^[20] According to Mickey Cohen, Dragna was very powerful and very well respected, but did not put things together the way the East Coast bosses preferred.^[19] Although there was not a big pool of Italians to recruit on the West Coast like back East, the L.A. family worked around this by accepting members from across the country, such as Johnny Roselli from Chicago, Nick Licata from Detroit, and Aladena "Jimmy the Weasel" Fratianno and Dominic Brooklier from Cleveland. Armed with top hitman Frank Bompensiero and Jimmy Fratianno (who committed over 30 murders on the orders of their superiors), Dragna muscled his way into controlling territory stretching throughout California and Southern Nevada. The Dragna family also had connections within the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department,^[18] who were more corrupt than the city police (LAPD).^[21] Although not having a big hand in labor union rackets, the Dragna crime family did infiltrate some unions in the laundromat and dress importing business.^[22][23][24]

Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel moved to Los Angeles in 1937 and stayed on the West Coast until his death in 1947.

When Lucky Luciano sent Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel from New York City to Los Angeles to take control of their interests on the West Coast (including Las Vegas) he formed an uneasy partnership with Dragna. Siegel was able to get independent bookies to pay tribute to Dragna's already flourishing gambling business.^[25] Aside from this however, Dragna resented Siegel's power to infiltrate unions in the movie industry. Siegel made millions extorting movie production companies and only had to pay Dragna a tribute for working on his territory. With New York on Siegel's side there was little Dragna could do to take control of The Commission's grip of the city.^[25] The main reason Siegel came to California was to organize a horse racing wire service on the West Coast for the National Syndicate, which Siegel and Dragna worked closely together on setting up.^[26] Dragna and Siegel tried many methods to take over Continental Press Service (the main wire service at the time).^[27] Attempts to buy out the company and to strong arm its owners didn't work, so they set up their own company called Trans-America.^[26][28] The Chicago Outfit eventually took over rival Continental Racing Services and gave the entire percentage of the racing wire on the West Coast to Dragna, enraging Siegel.^[3][29]

Once Siegel ran out of favor with New York, he was ordered to be killed. Although his murder officially remains unsolved, one theory is that Dragna's men were given the order to kill him. Siegel's chief lieutenant Mickey Cohen took charge of his gambling and loan shark operations in Los Angeles County and eventually became Dragna's next target. Dragna first began recruiting Cohen's Italian men such as Dominic Brooklier to his family^[20] and killing his other men such as David Ogul, Frank Niccoli, Neddie Herbert, and Herman "Hooky" Rothman.^[3] However, through sheer luck Cohen survived many attempts on his life (John Roselli compared Cohen to Bugs Moran).^[30] In 1951 Cohen was imprisoned for tax evasion and the L.A. family moved in on his gambling business.

The number of high profile murders and gangsters moving into the West Coast combined with the recall of Mayor Frank L. Shaw because of corruption charges related to organized crime, caused law enforcement to stop accommodating the Mafia. In the late 1930s, California Attorney General Earl Warren took command of a tough assault on Dragna's empire, most notably shutting down the gambling ships run by Anthony Cornero.^[21] On February 14, 1950, the California Commission on Organized Crime singled out Dragna as the head of a crime syndicate that controlled crime in Southern California.^[31] Soon after several of his family members were arrested for the bombing of Mickey Cohen's home. Dragna fled the state and was wanted for questioning. He later surrendered, and was questioned in the Kefauver hearings along with Roselli and Bompensiero, but denied all accusations against him.^[32] Dragna's family however, remain strong throughout the early 1950s.

DeSimone and Licata

Frank DeSimone (left) and John Roselli.

While other Mafia families in the country were prospering in the 1950s, the L.A. family was beginning its decline. When William H. Parker became Chief of Police for the Los Angeles Police Department in 1950, the police started cracking down on the organized crime instead of assisting it. The weakened Los Angeles family lost ground to the Chicago Outfit and New York families.^[33] Due to over 50 unsolved gangland killings in the first half of the century, the L.A.P.D. formed a special task force to deal with the problem: "The Gangster Squad". These group of men harassed the Mafia throughout the 1950s.^[34] Frank Bompensiero and Jimmy Fratianno started serving prison sentences in 1953 and 1954, respectively.^[35] In 1956 Jack Dragna died of a heart attack and a vote was made by the senior members of the family to elect its new boss. Johnny Roselli was seen as the most logical choice, but lawyer-turned-gangster Frank DeSimone was victorious.^[36] A disappointed Roselli, who felt that DeSimone rigged the election,^[37] transferred back to the Chicago Outfit. Fratianno did the same after his release from prison in 1960.^[3]

With Dragna gone and his brother Tom retired after his death, the crime family slipped out of control. It quickly became apparent that DeSimone was an incompetent boss. According to an unidentified informant, he raped the wife of former underboss Girolamo "Momo" Adamo, which caused Adamo to shoot his wife (who survived) and kill himself.^[35] This meant the top three men from Dragna's era, the boss, underboss, and consigliere were all inactive in Los Angeles almost immediately after DeSimone took charge. DeSimone was present at the ill-fated Apalachin Meeting with his second underboss Simone Scozzari. When the meeting was raided by police, DeSimone was outed as a mobster.^[3] He previously had no arrest record and was believed to be a simple lawyer.^[38] Scozzari came under law enforcement scrutiny after the meeting and was deported to Italy in 1962 for being an illegal immigrant.^[39] By 1965, it was estimated that the number of members of the L.A. family living in Los Angeles dwindled to 30,^[40] while the family actually had a strong presence in San Diego.^[41] DeSimone worried about "shaking down" gamblers and bookmakers for fear that they would run to the police.^[42] In the 1960s, Bonanno crime family Boss Joseph Bonanno plotted to have DeSimone killed for failing to exploit the criminal opportunities in Los Angeles.^[43] The plan was thwarted, but caused DeSimone to become very paranoid, never leaving his house at night. DeSimone's unsuccessful reign concluded with his death in 1967, after 11 years in power.

DeSimone's third underboss Nick "Old Man" Licata succeeded him. Licata had strong ties with Mafia families in the Midwest and South and maintained contact with the mob in Las Vegas.^[44] By then, law enforcement knew much about mob activities in Los Angeles, which was helped by top hitman Frank Bompensiero becoming an undercover informant in 1967. In 1963 Joe Valachi ousted the Mafia as a secret criminal society, aiding in law enforcements attacks on organized crime and fingered Licata as a high ranking mobster in Los Angeles.^[45] A bright spot during the period was that Louis Tom Dragna's company "Roberta Dress Manufacturing" was turning into a $10 million a year business. This was possible because in the 1950s, Jack Dragna flew labor union expert Johnny Dio in from New York City to teach Louis how to manipulate labor unions in the Garment District.^[46] Licata had high hopes of restoring the declining family, but with the police and FBI constantly monitoring his family, Licata wasn't able to do much of a better job than DeSimone. On July 9, 1969 Licata was taken into custody after refusing to answer questions at a federal grand jury session about L.A.'s crime syndicate structure.^[47] He was held in contempt of court for refusing to testify after being given immunity from prosecution and eventually served six months in prison.^[47] A pair of indictments in the mid 1970s threaten to put most of the working family in prison.^[48] In March 1973, seven men were arrested for running a rigged gambling operation in Los Angeles that brought in up to $250,000 a month.^[49] Their trial was delayed when the key informant and witness, former Mafia associate John Dubcek, was shot and killed in Las Vegas.^[49] Although this scared other informants from testifying, they still were convicted and given light sentences. Four months later another 12 men, were indicted for conspiracy, racketeering and extortion against bookmakers, loan sharks, and pornographers.^[48] Licata's underboss Joseph Dippolito had a large influence in San Bernardino and the Inland Empire in both legitimate and criminal enterprises.^[50] He was seen as Licata's successor, but died unexpectedly of a heart attack in January 1974 at the age of 59. On October 19, 1974 after a long battle with illnesses, Nick Licata passed away at age 77.

Fratianno flips

Bompensiero, killed in 1977 after ruling crime in San Diego for over 30 years.

Licata's successor, Dominic Brooklier, was initially able to stabilize the family's businesses, but later endured considerable damage done by FBI informants. Brooklier was able to make a lot of money in pornography, extortion, and drugs, but wasn't able to take back control of the independent bookmaking rackets in Los Angeles.^[51] The Last Mafioso described several instances during the time when the family would shake down people in the porno industry. These men would then pay a fee to their Mafia backers, usually on the East Coast, to set things straight. Once they paid, the Mafia backers would secretly split the money with the L.A. family. Brooklier also ordered the death of Frank Bompensiero for his growing criticism of the family, and later finding evidence that he was cooperating with the FBI. When Brooklier was sentenced to a short prison stint along with his underboss Samuel Sciortino in 1975, Jimmy Fratianno transferred back to the L.A. family and was named acting boss.^[52] Fratianno took this position to heart, traveling across the country making connections and deals.^[3] Fratianno's goal was to bring back the ailing families stature and reputation amongst the Mafia. Since Jack Dragna's death, Los Angeles was starting to be seen as an "open city" where any family could do business, but Fratianno hoped that by restoring the ailing family he'd be a candidate to officially run the family even when Brooklier was released. However, Brooklier quickly took back control of the family after his release and Fratianno was left back to being a low level soldier.

The fall came when Fratianno became the second American Mafioso to turn state's evidence and testify against the Mafia in court.^[3] He made this decision upon learning from the F.B.I. that Dominic Brooklier ordered his death.^[3] Brooklier, who didn't trust Fratianno, ordered the hit because Fratianno was presenting himself as boss of the family and felt that he was trying to usurp him.^[53] Fratianno testified against mobsters not only in Los Angeles, but across the country. Although the Justice Department thought it finally crippled the Mafia in Los Angeles, a Federal Judge gave Brooklier, Sciortino, Michael Rizzitello, Dragna, and Jack LoCicero light sentences ranging from two to five years in 1981 for racketeering and extortion.^[54] Brooklier still ran the family from his prison cell until he died of a heart attack in 1984. With Brooklier's imprisonment, capo Peter Milano quickly stepped up and began running the family in 1981.^[2]

The Milano brothers

Peter Milano was officially made boss of the Los Angeles crime family with Brooklier's death in 1984. He made his brother Carmen "Flipper" Milano his underboss.^[55] Since Milano's reign, the family was heavily involved in narcotics, pornography, gambling and loan sharking.^[56] 20 reputed organized crime figures were arrested in 1984, in what law enforcement officials said was a bid to take over a $1 million-a-week bookmaking operation in Los Angeles. Neither of the Milano brothers (nor six of the others originally arrested) were charged due to lack of evidence.^[2] When Peter Milano became boss, he rejuvenated the depleted family by inducting new members^[2][57] such as Stephen "Steve the Whale" Cino, singer Charles "Bobby Milano" Caci, Luigi "Louie" Gelfuso Jr. and shylock brothers Lawrence and Anthony "The Animal" Fiato into the family. Mobster turned informant Kenny Gallo credited the brothers with "help[ing] Pete Milano revamp the L.A. Family".^[58] With a beefed up family Milano succeeded in having nearly every bookie in Los Angeles pay a mob tax to the L.A. family. Robert "Puggy" Zeichick gave Anthony Fiato a $1 million dollar loan which was used to finance a huge loan shark operation. The L.A. family became the dominate loan shark operators in the area. The family's influence stretched all the way to Las Vegas, where the family had long standing ties to what the Mafia considered an "open city" where any family could work in.

The entire hierarchy of the family including the Milano brothers, captains Mike Rizzitello, Jimmy Caci, and Luigi Gelfuso along with many other mobsters were arrested on various charges in the late 1980s, due largely to information and recordings collected by the Fiato brothers.^[33][59] These charges to so many members permanently crippled the family and put the family on the brink of extinction.^[60] While Rizzitello, who was acquitted of his original charges at trial, was sentenced to 33 years in prison in 1989 for attempted murder (where he would die in 2005)^[61] the Milano brothers plead guilty to lesser charges; Peter received a six year prison sentence and Carmen received six months. Almost every member of the family charged pleaded guilty to receive lesser sentences and the F.B.I. considered the Mafia finished in Los Angeles.

However, since Peter Milano's paroled release in 1991, he took back control of the weakened family. The Los Angeles family since made moves into Las Vegas with the Buffalo crime family. The family made headlines again with the murder of Chicago Outfit associate Herbert "Fat Herbie" Blitzstein by Buffalo and Los Angeles family members in 1997.^[62] Blizstein had a lucrative loan shark and auto insurance fraud business the two families moved in to take over. This caused a great deal of scrutiny from the FBI on both families. Members like Stephen Cino and Alfred Mauriello were convicted on related charges along with other associates who cooperated with officials to receive a reduced sentence, putting the L.A. crime family on its last leg.^[63] By the 1990s the L.A. family was estimated to have 20 official members.^[5]

Current position and leadership

Much of the crime families activities has become unknown since the Las Vegas indictments. Law enforcement has moved its attention towards other gangs like the Russians and Triads who are "more sinister and far more prevalent and widespread".^[60] Peter Milano is still believed to be the official Boss of the Los Angeles crime family. However his involvement in crime along with other members has been greatly reduced since the 1980s. Some members like Rocco Zangari and Russell Massetia have moved out of the state and left the family all together. Others members like Carmen Milano and Jimmy Caci have died of old age and no younger people have replaced them.^[54][64] Los Angeles doesn't have a high concentration of Italians like the East Coast to support them, so recruiting new members is challenging. With Southern California's many racial groups, the Cosa Nostra faces an uphill battle to challenge the many street gangs in the area over criminal rackets.^[44] Law enforcement also considers East Coast Mafia members moving to California as a threat.^[65]

Current family members

Current administration

• Boss - Peter John Milano^[2] - A bookmaker who became a made-member of the Los Angeles crime family when Nick Licata was boss. Originally from Cleveland, moved with his family to Los Angeles. His father Anthony Milano, was underboss in the Cleveland crime family and his uncle Frank Milano was Boss of the Cleveland family. Peter, promoted his brother Carmen to underboss of the family in the mid 1980s. He has been convicted three times of RICO related charges. His legitimate source of income is the Rome Vending Company while he also owns properties around the Greater Los Angeles Area.
• Underboss - Tommaso "Tommy" Gambino^[66] - Not to be confused with Thomas Gambino, Tommy is the son of jailed Gambino crime family mobster Rosario Gambino,^[67] nephew of John Gambino, and is first cousin to Frank Cali. Moved to California in the 1990s and became a made man shortly after.

Capos and Soldiers

• Capo - Louis "Louie" Caruso^[68] - Currently lives in Arizona and owns an air conditioning company.
• Soldier - Stephen Anthony "Steve the Whale" Cino^[5][62] - Originally from Buffalo, New York and a member of the Buffalo crime family. Cino has an arrest record dating back to 1962 which included robbery, extortion, bank fraud and bribing a union official. Switched to the Los Angeles family and was put in the Nevada Black Book in 1997. Was incarcerated on extortion charges, but was acquitted for involvement in the Herbie Blitzstein murder. Was released in 2008.
• Soldier - John Joseph Vaccaro Jr.^[69][70] - Has a criminal history dating back to 1971. In 1985 he was convicted in federal court for being the mastermind of a sophisticated slot cheating ring which stole millions of dollars from Nevada casinos. Was convicted along with his wife Sandra Kay Vaccaro and both are in the Nevada Black Book. Was incarcerated in Mississippi for another gaming offense involving members of the New Orleans crime family in the 2000s, but was released in 2003. Vaccaro is currently a resident of Las Vegas and owns his own company "Four Square Construction/Roofing".
• Soldier - Rocco James "Bigfoot" Zangari^[60][71] - Was a Palm Springs resident. Once managed a card room for the Cabazon Indian tribe in Riverside, California. Moved to Buffalo, New York and is currently inactive in the family.
• Soldier - Michael "Porno Mike" Esposito^[72][73] - Michael Esposito owns the porn production and distribution company Gentlemen's Video. His father, Salvatore Esposito, was a driver for former Lucchese family boss Anthony Corallo.
• Soldier - Robert George "Fat Bobby" Paduano^[74][75] - Was a member of Michael Rizzitello's crew in the 1980s. Was arrested along with many members in the late 1980s, but is still currently active in Orange County as a loan shark. During the 1980s he was accused of trying to take over the narcotic trafficking in Newport Beach.
• Soldier - Paulo "Paulie Tattoos" Rossi - Owns a tattoo parlor and runs an illegal sports betting business.
• Soldier - Leonard "Limping Lenny" Montana Jr. - Son of actor Lenny Montana, "Limping Lenny" is a bookie and owns "Enzo's Pizzeria" in Westwood.

Historical membership

Bosses

• 1909–1922: Vito Di Giorgio
• 1922–1925: Rosario DeSimone
• 1925–1931: Joseph Ardizzone
• 1931–1956: Jack Dragna
• 1956–1967: Frank DeSimone
• 1967–1974: Nick Licata
• 1974–1984: Dominic Brooklier
• 1984–present: Peter Milano

Underbosses

• 1920s–1931: Jack Dragna
• 1931–1956: Girolamo "Momo" Adamo
• 1956–1962: Simone "Sam" Scozzari
• 1962–1967: Nick Licata
• 1967–1974: Joseph Charles "Joe Dip" Dippolito
• 1974: Dominic Brooklier^[76]
• 1974–1979: Samuel Sciortino
• 1984–2006: Carmen "Flipper" Milano
• 2006–present: Tommaso "Tommy" Gambino

Consiglieres

• 1931–1956: Tom Dragna
• 1956–1962: Nick Licata
• 1962–1975: Tommy Palermo^[77]
• 1975–1977: Frank "Bomp" Bompensiero
• 1977–1980s: Giacomo "Jack" LoCicero^[2]

Caporegimes

Los Angeles Capos Louis Tom Dragna (1960s–1980s) Aladena "Jimmy the Weasel" Fratianno (1953–1956) Michael "Mike Rizzi" Rizzitello (1977–1990) Luigi "Louie" Gelfuso Jr.[78] (1980s–1990s) Louis "Louie" Caruso (1980s–present)

Orange County Capos Frank Isador "Big Frank" Matranga[79] (1960s–1969) Dominic Brooklier (1969–1974) Riverside Capos Vincent Dominic "Jimmy" Caci[5][80] (1984-2011)

San Diego Capos Frank "Bomp" Bompensiero (1930s–1956) Anthony "Tony" Mirabile[3] (1956–1958) Joseph Adamo[81] (1950s–1970s)

Soldiers

Los Angeles Soldiers John Roselli (1940s–1956) Aladena "Jimmy The Weasel" Fratianno (1947–1953, 1977) Charles "Charley Bats" Battaglia[33] (1953–1983) John Louis "The Bat" Battaglia (1956-1970s) Brother of Charles. Angelo Polizzi[33] (1953–1970s) Ronnie Costa Originally from Patriarca crime family in New England (1990s-?) Frank Stellino[33] (1960s–1970s)—Nick Licata's son in law Dominic Longo[82] (1970s–1985) Thomas Ricciardi (1970s) Craig Anthony "the Animal" Fiato (1984–1987) Lawrence "Larry Boy" Fiato (1984–1987) Russell "Rusty" Massetta (1980s–1999)—Peter Milano's son in law Michael "Porno Mike" Esposito (1990s–present) Leonard "Limping Lenny" Montana Jr. (1990s–present) Paulo "Paulie Tattoos" Rossi (1990s–present) James "Danny Wilson" Iannone[83][84] (1940s–??) Salvatore Charles "Charlie Dip" Dippolito[33] (1947–1961)—Father of Joseph Dippolito Salvatore "Dago Louie" Piscopo[33] (1947s–1970s) Salvatore Pinelli[33] (1950s–1970s) Frank Paul "One Eye" Dragna (1950s-?) son of Jack Pietro "Peter" Andrade (1920s-?) Riverside Soldiers Rocco James Zangari[56] (1984–2000s) Stephan "The Whale" Cino[56] (1984–present) Charles "Bobby Milano" Caci[56] (1984–2006) Robert "Fat Bobby" Paduano (1980s–present) San Diego Soldiers Gaspare Matranga[85] (1930s–??) Joseph Adamo[33] (1940s–1961)—Girolamo Adamo's brother Biaggio Bonventre[33] (1940s–1950s) Joseph Ernest Matranga[86] (1950s-?) brother of Gaspare Frank Isador "Big Frank" Matranga[87] (1940s-1970s) Cousin of Matranga brothers Marco LiMandri (1930s-?) Joseph LiMandri[88] (1940s-1970s) son of Marco

Associates

• George "Les" Bruneman (1920s–1937)
• Joseph Sica (1940s–1970s)
• Alfred "Nuncio" Sica (1940s-1970s) brother of Joseph
• Jack Whalen (1940s–1959s)
• Leo "Lips" Moceri^[89] (1930s–1960s) Later became a member of the Cleveland crime family.
• Mickey Fine^[33] (1960s–1970s)
• Ray Ferritto (1960s–1974)
• Frank Buccieri (1960s–1980s)
• Anthony Brooklier^[90] (1970s–present)—Lawyer, Dominic Brooklier's son
• John Patrick DiMattia^[2] (1980s–present)
• Stephan Mauriello (1980s–1997)
• Isador "Teddy" Matranga son of Joseph Ernest
• Albert Nunez^[2] (1980s–1990s)
• Robert Ralph "Dino" D'Agostino^[91] (1980s)
• Steve Munichiello^[2] (1980s)
• Michael Gelfuso^[2] (1980s)
• Kenny Gallo (1980s–early 2000s)
• Robert "Puggy" Zeichick (1980s–present)
• Dominic "Donnie Shacks" Montemarano^[92] (1990s–present)— Colombo family capo based in L.A.
• Ronald A. "Ronnie" Lorenzo^[93] (1980s–present) — Bonanno soldier based in L.A.
• Johnny Means (1980s–early 2000s)
• Joe Isgro (1980s–present) — Gambino family soldier based in L.A.
• Albert Sanchez^{[citation needed]} (1990's- 2006)
• Steve "Stevie Boy" "Steve-O" Segura^{[citation needed]} (1990s-present)

Informants

• Frank "Bomp" Bompensiero (undercover informant)
• Aladena "Jimmy The Weasal" Fratianno (government witness)
• Craig Anthony "the Animal" Fiato (government witness)
• Lawrence "Larry Boy" Fiato (government witness)
• Stephen Mauriello (government witness)

Notes

1. ^ Lockyer, Bill. "Organized Crime in California Annual Report 2003" (PDF). California Department of Justice. p. 7. http://www.ag.ca.gov/publications/org_crime.pdf. Retrieved September 30, 2010. 
2. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} Murphy, Kim (June 29, 1987). "Not Entrenched Like Eastern Families - The L.A. Mob: Eking Out a Living Working Streets". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/1987-06-29/news/mn-206_1_crime-families. Retrieved January 25, 2010. 
3. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i} Capeci, Jerry (2002). The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Mafia. Alpha Books. pp. 92–93. ISBN 0028642252. 
4. ^ Lungren 1997, p. i
5. ^ ^{a b c d} Lungren 1997, p. 9
6. ^ ^{a b c} DeVico 2007, p. 153
7. ^ Los Angeles Times, Shot Down as He is Driving September 26, 1906
8. ^ ^{a b} Reid, Ed (1969). The Anatomy of Organized Crime in America: The Grim Reapers. Regnery. p. 165. http://books.google.ca/books?id=UwtBAAAAIAAJ&q=George+Maisano&dq=George+Maisano. Retrieved November 28, 2009. 
9. ^ "Repeal Begins Phase". Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles): p. 16. April 29, 1959. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/thedailymirror/2008/04/mob-killings.html. Retrieved November 30, 2009. 
10. ^ ^{a b c d e} Warner, Richard N. "The First Mafia Boss of Los Angeles? The Mystery of Vito Di Giorgio, 1880-1922." On The Spot Journal (Summer 2008), 46-54.
11. ^ "INTERNATIONAL GUNMAN SOUGHT IN MAFIA CASE". Los Angeles Daily News. December 20, 1917. 
12. ^ ^{a b} Rayner, Richard (2009). A Bright and Guilty Place: Murder, Corruption, and L.A.'s Scandalous Coming of Age. Random House of Canada. pp. 82–96. ISBN 0385509707. 
13. ^ McDougal, Dennis (2002). Privileged son: Otis Chandler and the rise and fall of the L.A. Times dynasty. Da Capo Press. p. 106. ISBN 0306811618. http://books.google.ca/books?id=FCvoJFg5jjYC&pg=PA106&dq=albert+marco#v=onepage&q=marco&f=false. Retrieved November 28, 2009. 
14. ^ ^{a b} Gatto, Mariann (2009). "Italian Los Angeles:1900-1927". Los Angeles's Little Italy. Images of America. Arcadia Publishing. pp. 66–68. ISBN 0738571881, 9780738571881. 
15. ^ ^{a b} Rasmussen, Cecilia (September 26, 1999). "Rampart Site Was Noir Landmark". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/1999/sep/26/local/me-14440. Retrieved July 6, 2011. 
16. ^ Pryor, Alton (2001). "Bugsy Siegel". Outlaws and Gunslingers. Stagecoach Publications. p. 33. ISBN 0966005368, 9780966005363. 
17. ^ Scott, Peter (1996). "Chapter 9, Ruby's Background". Deep Politics and the Death of JFK (reprint ed.). University of California Press. p. 157. ISBN 0520205197, 9780520205192. http://books.google.ca/books?id=3t9BYWJD8REC&pg=PA157&dq=Guy+McAfee+dragna&as_brr=3&cd=1#v=onepage&q=dragna&f=false. Retrieved March 22, 2010. 
18. ^ ^{a b} Domanick, Joe (1994). To Protect and to Serve: The LAPD's Century of War in the City of Dreams (illustrated ed.). Pocket Books. ISBN 0671751115, 9780671751111. 
19. ^ ^{a b} "Mickey Cohen". Crime Files. Crime & Investigation Network. http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/gangsters_outlaws/mob_bosses/mickey_cohen/4.html. Retrieved January 28, 2010. 
20. ^ ^{a b} Turkus, Burton; Feder, Sid (2003). "14: The Man Who Might of Been President". Murder, Inc: The Story of "The Syndicate" (2, reprint, illustrated ed.). Da Capo Press. p. 428. ISBN 0306812886, 9780306812880. 
21. ^ ^{a b} Reppetto, Thomas (2004). American Mafia: A History of Its Rise to Power (Illustrated ed.). Macmillan. pp. 236–249. ISBN 0805072101. http://books.google.com/books?id=XilJwi59ozcC&pg=RA1-PA236&lpg=RA1-PA236&dq. Retrieved February 14, 2009.  Note: First citation is on page 249, second citation is on page 236.
22. ^ Tyler, Gus (1967). Organized Crime in America: A Book of Readings. Ann Arbor Paperbacks. 27. University of Michigan Press. p. 32. ISBN 9780472061273. 
23. ^ Lieberman, Paul (October 26, 2008). "The Mobster Who Died in Pink Pajamas". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-gangsterdragna28-2008oct28,0,7592000.story. 
24. ^ Organized Crime: History and Control. California State Peace Officers' Training Series. 80. Chancellor's Office, California Community Colleges. 1976. p. 118. http://books.google.com/books?id=6IvaAAAAMAAJ&dq=frank+desimone+los+angeles&source=gbs_navlinks_s. Retrieved December 9, 2010. 
25. ^ ^{a b} Organized crime in Los Angeles in 1930s. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UOv5PWKPUh8. Retrieved March 24, 2010. 
26. ^ ^{a b} Redston, George; Crossen, Kendell F. (1965). "Chapter 3: Oranges and "Juice"". The Conspiracy of Death. Bobbs-Merrill. http://www.mail-archive.com/[e-mail]/msg52423.html. Retrieved January 29, 2010. 
27. ^ Newton, Michael (2009). "Chapter 5: Beachheads". Mr. Mob: The Life and Crimes of Moe Dalitz (illustrated ed.). McFarland. p. 105. ISBN 9780786435166. http://books.google.ca/books?id=KZCUIxhP7ikC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=redston&f=false. Retrieved September 4, 2010. 
28. ^ "The Gambling Industry". Kiplinger's Personal Finance (Washington, D.C.) 5: 36–40. March 1951. ISSN 1528–9729. http://books.google.ca/books?id=UAYEAAAAMBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_v2_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=&f=false. Retrieved March 24, 2010. 
29. ^ Tuohy, John William (October 2001). "Bugsy". americanmafia.com. http://www.americanmafia.com/Feature_Articles_166.html. Retrieved January 31, 2010. 
30. ^ Demaris 1981, p. 39
31. ^ "L.A. Police Raid Home of Dragna". Eugene Register-Guard. United Press International: p. 15. February 13, 1950. http://news.google.ca/newspapers?id=ACwgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7fADAAAAIBAJ&dq=dragna&pg=3684%2C1837821. Retrieved January 27, 2010. 
32. ^ Pearson, Drew (October 14, 1950). "The Crime Front". St. Petersburg Times: p. 6. http://news.google.ca/newspapers?id=T8gKAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Yk4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=5487,5414035&dq=dragna&hl=en. Retrieved January 27, 2010. 
33. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} Nash, Jay (1993). World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime (reprint, illustrated ed.). Da Capo Press. pp. 483–486. ISBN 0306805359. 
34. ^ Lieberman, Paul (October 28, 2008). "The Gangster Squad sets a trap for Mickey Cohen". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-gangster28-2008oct28,0,3244781,full.story. Retrieved November 28, 2009. 
35. ^ ^{a b} May, Allan. "Frank Bompensiero - San Diego Hit Man, Boss and FBI Informant". Crime Magazine. http://www.crimemagazine.com/frank-bompensiero-san-diego-hit-man-boss-and-fbi-informant. Retrieved January 27, 2010. 
36. ^ Demaris 1981, p. 100
37. ^ Demaris 1981, p. 107
38. ^ Shearer, Lloyd (June 14, 1959). "He Crippiled the Mafia". The Modesto Bee: pp. 8–9. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=P9cwAAAAIBAJ&sjid=UeEFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3843,2306284&dq=scozzari+simone+lawyer&hl=en. Retrieved June 3, 2010. 
39. ^ "America Deports Gambling Figure". Reading Eagle. Associated Press: p. 11. June 14, 1962. http://news.google.ca/newspapers?id=yg8rAAAAIBAJ&sjid=2psFAAAAIBAJ&dq=simone%20scozzari&pg=3762%2C6009214. Retrieved January 26, 1010. 
40. ^ Starr, Kevin (2009). "Chapter 5: The Cardinal, the Chief, Walter O’Malley, and Buff Chandler". Golden Dreams: California in an Age of Abundance, 1950-1963 (illustrated ed.). New York City: Oxford University Press. p. 141. ISBN 9780195153774. http://books.google.ca/books?id=ZWy4TexzsScC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=Frank%20DeSimone&f=false. Retrieved March 8, 2010. 
41. ^ Valentine, Douglas (2004). "Chapter 12: Gangbusters". The strength of the wolf: the secret history of America's war on drugs (illustrated ed.). New York City: Verso. p. 173. ISBN 9781859845684. http://books.google.ca/books?id=Bed0gQKn-ucC&printsec=frontcover&vq=San+Diego&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=San%20Diego&f=false. Retrieved March 8, 2010. 
42. ^ Critchley, David (2009). "Chapter 5: The Neapolitan Challenge". The Origin of Organized Crime in America: The New York City Mafia, 1891-1931. Routledge Advances in American History. Volume 1 (illustrated ed.). New York City: Taylor & Francis. p. 123. ISBN 9780415990301. http://books.google.ca/books?id=uX29UdJJ3qYC&pg=PA123&dq=Frank+DeSimone&as_brr=3&cd=9#v=onepage&q=Frank%20DeSimone&f=false. Retrieved March 8, 2010. 
43. ^ Raab, Selwyn (2005). Five Families: The Rise, Decline, and Resurgence of America's Most Powerful Mafia Empires (illustrated ed.). Macmillan. ISBN 0312300948, 9780312300944. 
44. ^ ^{a b} DeVico 2007, p. 154
45. ^ "Nick Licata". Daytona Beach Morning Journal. AP: p. 5B. October 22, 1974. http://news.google.ca/newspapers?id=LWk1AAAAIBAJ&sjid=oMwEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4631%2C2936865. Retrieved April 3, 2010. 
46. ^ Demaris 1981, p. 81
47. ^ ^{a b} "Alleged L.A. Mafia Chief Goes to Jail". The Spokesman-Review. LAT: p. 21. July 10, 1969. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=QCUSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=WOwDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2155,3075094&dq=. Retrieved April 6, 2010. 
48. ^ ^{a b} Demaris 1981, p. 265
49. ^ ^{a b} Rose, Robert (January 14, 1975). "Fall Could Pave Way for Chicago Boys". The Miami News. Chicago Daily News Service: p. 8A. http://news.google.ca/newspapers?id=HmQzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-OsFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1232,1071352&hl=en. Retrieved April 3, 2010. 
50. ^ Bureau of Narcotics 2009, p. 23
51. ^ Sifakis, Carl (2005). The Mafia Encyclopedia (Third ed.). New York, NY: Facts On File, Inc.. p. 510. ISBN 0816056951. 
52. ^ Demaris 1981, p. 284
53. ^ McGunagle, Fred. "Cleveland's Killer Celebrities, Part 1". Crime Library. truTV. p. 29. http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/gangsters_outlaws/mob_bosses/birns_greene/29.html. Retrieved April 8, 2010. 
54. ^ ^{a b} Chrystal, Chris (January 29, 1981). "Los Angeles Mafia May Have Survived Super Snitch". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. UPI: p. 15A. http://news.google.ca/newspapers?id=VeMbAAAAIBAJ&sjid=9GcEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6960,6413072&hl=en. Retrieved March 31, 2010. 
55. ^ Smith, John L. (January 20, 2006). "Two more characters from mob's past make final exits". Las Vegas Review-Journal. http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2006/Jan-20-Fri-2006/news/5455337.html. Retrieved January 27, 2010. 
56. ^ ^{a b c d} Murphy, Kim (March 30, 1988). "7 Alleged Southland Mafia Figures Enter Guilty Pleas". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/1988-03-30/news/mn-215_1_guilty-plea. Retrieved September 24, 2010. 
57. ^ Porrello, Rick (2001). "Chapter 41". To Kill the Irishman: The War That Crippled the Mafia (illustrated, revised ed.). Next Hat Press. p. 165. ISBN 0966250893, 9780966250893. http://books.google.ca/books?id=Lykk81Y0ZsUC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false. Retrieved March 22, 2010. 
58. ^ http://hollywoodmafia.blogspot.com/2007_11_01_archive.html
59. ^ Flood, John; McGough, Jim (June 4, 1997). "Murder of Chicago Hood Foretells Power Grab by the Los Angeles Mob". ISPN. http://www.ipsn.org/blitz2.html. Retrieved March 31, 2010. 
60. ^ ^{a b c} Heller, Matthew (May 7, 1998). "L.A. Mob Does Vegas". LA Weekly. http://www.laweekly.com/1998-05-07/news/l-a-mob-does-vegas/. Retrieved January 22, 2010. 
61. ^ Smith, John L. (November 4, 2005). "Mobster's peaceful death ends violent chapter in saga of organized crime". Las Vegas Review-Journal. http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2005/Nov-04-Fri-2005/news/4153039.html. Retrieved January 22, 2010. 
62. ^ ^{a b} May, Allan. "Greed in the Desert: The Murder of Herbert Blitzstein". Crime Magazine. http://www.crimemagazine.com/greed-desert-murder-herbert-blitzstein. Retrieved January 27, 2010. 
63. ^ Organized Crime Loses its Foothold Las Vegas Sun, July 2, 2002. Retrieved December 2, 2009
64. ^ Lockyer, Bill. "Organized Crime in California - Annual Report to the State Legislator 2005" (PDF). California Department of Justice. p. 17. http://ag.ca.gov/publications/org_crime2005.pdf. Retrieved March 31, 2010. 
65. ^ Lungren 1997, p. 10
66. ^ Alpert, Bill (September 4, 2008). "Putting BIDZ.com Shares on Sale". Barron's Magazine. SmartMoney. http://www.smartmoney.com/investing/economy/putting-bidzcom-shares-on-sale-23802/. Retrieved January 28, 2010. 
67. ^ de Szigethy, J. R.; Epolito, Lou (August 2005). "Partners In Crime: The Mafia Cops". americanmafia.com. http://www.americanmafia.com/Feature_Articles_313.html. Retrieved March 25, 2010. 
68. ^ "Maurer, Branco made formidable team". Las Vegas Sun. June 28, 2002. http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2002/jun/28/maurer-branco-made-formidable-team/. Retrieved January 23, 2010. 
69. ^ Murphy, Kim; Spano, John (April 7, 1988). "Man Says He Defrauded 2 County Banks as Guilty Pleas End Mafia Prosecution". Los Angeles Times. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/59782761.html?dids=59782761:59782761&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS. Retrieved January 24, 2010. 
70. ^ John Joseph Vaccaro, Jr. Profile at Nevada Gaming Commission and State Gaming Control Board
71. ^ Segal, David (March 1992). "Dances with sharks; why the Indian gaming experiment's gone wrong". The Washington Monthly. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1316/is_n3_v24/ai_12088301/pg_3/. Retrieved January 29, 2010. 
72. ^ "Michael Esposito owns the porn production and distribution company Gentlemen's Video.". Luke Is Back. http://www.lukeisback.com/stars/stars/stars/male/michael_esposito.htm. Retrieved January 29, 2010. 
73. ^ Kenny, Gallo. "MADE GUY'S AND FAMILY ASSOCIATES". Hollywood Mafia. Archived from the original on August 22, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080615130327/hollywoodmafia.com/madeguys.html. Retrieved January 11, 2010. 
74. ^ Smith, John L. (August 26, 2005). "Governor plans to leave successor with three-part study of state's needs". Las Vegas Review-Journal. http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2005/Aug-26-Fri-2005/news/27106962.html. Retrieved January 24, 2010. 
75. ^ Beene, Richard (February 20, 1988). "Paduano Indicted on Multiple Charges - He's Accused of Shaking Down Drug Dealers to Sell Them Cocaine". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/1988-02-20/local/me-11185_1_drug-dealers. Retrieved January 24, 2010. 
76. ^ Zuckerman, Michael (1987). Vengeance Is Mine. Collier Macmillan. p. 254. ISBN 0026336405. 
77. ^ Demaris 1981, p. 445
78. ^ Murphy, Kim (March 30, 1988). "7 Alleged Southland Mafia Figures Enter Guilty Pleas". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/1988-03-30/news/mn-215_1_guilty-plea. Retrieved January 27, 2010. 
79. ^ Bureau of Narcotics 2009, p. 42
80. ^ Smith, John L. (April 22, 2001). "It May be a Misunderstanding, but it's No Surprise Caci Headed to Prison". Las Vegas Review-Journal. http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2001/Apr-22-Sun-2001/news/15921921.html. Retrieved January 24, 2010. 
81. ^ Mollenhoff, Clark R. (1972). Strike Force; Organized Crime and the Government. Prentice Hall. p. 240. ISBN 0138527725, 9780138527723. http://books.google.com/books?ei=WomhTM-_C4SAnwfd-uSIBA&ct=result&id=dpLaAAAAMAAJ&q=Licata#search_anchor. Retrieved December 9, 2010. 
82. ^ Demaris 1981, p. 444
83. ^ Demaris 1981, p. 443
84. ^ California Legislature Assembly (1959). Journal of the Assembly, Legislature of the State of California, Volume 3. s.n.. p. 79. http://books.google.ca/books?id=k6U3AAAAIAAJ&q=James+Iannone#search_anchor. Retrieved January 26, 2010. 
85. ^ Bureau of Narcotics 2009, p. 43
86. ^ Bureau of Narcotics 2009, p. 44
87. ^ Bureau of Narcotics 2009, p. 41
88. ^ Demaris 1981, p. 375
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91. ^ Alleged Mob Figure Enters Guilty Plea in Drug Case Kim Murphy, Los Angeles Times. 1987
92. ^ Buncombe, Andrew (July 30, 2004). "Convention Diary: Bing does the decent thing by Democrats". The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/convention-diary-bing-does-the-decent-thing-by-democrats-756056.html. Retrieved January 29, 2010. 
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References

• Bureau of Narcotics, Sam Giancana, The United States Treasury Department (2009), Mafia: The Government's Secret File on Organized Crime, Skyhorse Publishing Inc., ISBN 160239668X, 9781602396685, http://books.google.ca/books?id=v_px8mLRXKsC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false, retrieved September 24, 2010 
• Demaris, Ovid (1981), The Last Mafioso: The Treacherous World of Jimmy Fratianno, Bantam Books, ISBN 0812909550 
• DeVico, Peter (2007), The Mafia Made Easy: The Anatomy and Culture of La Cosa Nostra, Tate Publishing, pp. 152–154, ISBN 1602472548, http://books.google.ca/books?id=vyIXw1oq56YC&pg=PA153&dq=joe+ardizzone#v=onepage&q=&f=false, retrieved September 11, 2009 
• Gaines, Lee. "LA Crime File" Gate City Publishing (2004)
• Lungren, Dan (1997), Organized Crime in California: Annual Report to the California Legislature 1996, California, http://www.fas.org/irp/world/para/docs/orgcrm96.pdf, retrieved March 15, 2010 
• Warner, Richard N. (2008), The First Mafia Boss of Los Angeles? The Mystery of Vito Di Giorgio, 1880-1922, On the Spot Journal 

Further reading

• Gallo, Kenny, Randazzo, Matthew. Breakshot: A Life in the 21st Century American Mafia. Phoenix Books, 2009. ISBN 1597776157
• Moore, Judith. A Bad, Bad Boy: The Most Feared Mobster in Southern California for 30 Years. Reader Books, 2009. ISBN 0615298796
• Smith, John L. The Animal in Hollywood. Barricade Books. 1998. ISBN 1-569-80126-6

External links

• Los Angeles Descriptions of historical Italian gang leaders of Los Angeles
• Mob Murders in L.A. - Addresses of what the L.A.P.D. said were Mafia killings from 1906 to 1951.
• Cosa Nostra guys Louie Caruso Pete Milano Jimmy Caci Bobby Milano Keely Smith video by Kenny Gallo published on YouTube.
• Will the last guy left in L.A. mob please turn out the lights? - John L. Smith, Las Vegas Review-Journal. November 16, 1997