North Cascades National Park

North Cascades National Park
IUCN Category Ib (Wilderness Area)
Location	Whatcom, Skagit, and Chelan counties, Washington, USA
Nearest city	Bellingham
Coordinates	48°28′59″N 120°54′41″W / 48.483086°N 120.911491°W / 48.483086; -120.911491Coordinates: 48°28′59″N 120°54′41″W / 48.483086°N 120.911491°W / 48.483086; -120.911491
Area	504,780 acres (204,280 ha)[1]
Established	October 2, 1968
Visitors	24,659 (in 2010)[2]
Governing body	National Park Service

North Cascades National Park is a U.S. National Park located in the state of Washington. The park is the largest of the three National Park Service units that comprise the North Cascades National Park Service Complex. Several national wilderness areas and British Columbia parkland adjoin the National Park. The park features rugged mountain peaks.

Natural history

Glaciers

Looking toward Magic Mountain from Sahale Arm north of Cascade Pass. Yawning Glacier has retreated significantly since 1980.

In 1971, the park had 318 glaciers with an area of 117 km² (Post et al., 1971), the most of any US park outside Alaska. All the glaciers in the park have retreated significantly from 1980–2005 and the rate is increasing. The recent warmer climate has led to more summer melting and more winter melting events, reducing winter snowpack. Several glaciers in the range have melted away in the last decade.^[3] Boston Glacier, on the north slope of Boston Peak, is the largest glacier in the park with an area of 7 km². The other large glaciers (with areas greater than 2.5 km²) are:

Lower Curtis Glacier in 2003 compared with 1985

• Redoubt (Mount Redoubt)
• Nooksack (Mount Shuksan)
• Sulphide (Mount Shuksan)
• Challenger (Mount Challenger)
• Inspiration (Eldorado Peak)
• McAllister (Eldorado Peak)
• Neve (Snowfield Peak)

Wildlife

Due to its wilderness nature, it is home to wolves, lynx, moose, wolverines, and many other rare or endangered species. Few grizzly sightings have been confirmed by park staff, though black bears are common. There are a gamut of mammals, birds, amphibians and reptiles. As a notable amphibian example, within the Rough-skinned Newt Cascade Mountains populations, approximately ninety percent of the adult population is perennibranchiate.^[4]

Plants

Main article: Ecology of the North Cascades

Extreme variation, in rock and soil types, exposure, slope, elevation, and rainfall is reflected in the diverse plant life. Eight distinctive life zones support thousands of different plant species in the North Cascades greater ecosystem. No other National Park surpasses North Cascades National Park in the number of plant species recorded. Over 1,630 vascular plant species have been identified, and estimates of non-vascular and fungal species could more than double this number for total plant species in the North Cascades.^[5] The park contains an estimated 236,000 acres (960 km²) of old-growth forests.^[6]

Geography

Main article: Geography of the North Cascades

The Thornton Lakes fill glacier-carved basins near Mount Triumph

Attractions

Nearly all of the national park is protected as the Stephen Mather Wilderness, so there are few maintained buildings and roads within the North and South units of the Park. The park is most popular with backpackers and mountain climbers. One of the most popular destinations in the park is Cascade Pass, which was used as a travel route by Native Americans. It can be accessed by a four-mile (6 km) trail at the end of a gravel road. The North and South Picket Ranges, Mount Triumph, as well as Eldorado Peak and the surrounding mountains, are popular with climbers due to glaciation and technical rock. Mount Shuksan, in the northwest corner of the park, is one of the most photographed mountains in the country and the second highest peak in the park 9,127 ft/2,782 m.

map of the North Cascades National Park complex

Access

Although one gravel road open to the public enters the park, most automobile traffic in the region travels on the North Cascades Highway (Washington State Route 20), which passes through the Ross Lake National Recreation Area. The nearest large town on the west side of the park is Sedro-Woolley, Washington, while Winthrop lies to the east. Chelan is located at the southeastern end of Lake Chelan.

See also

• Skagit Valley Provincial Park
• Mount Baker Wilderness
• Glacier Peak Wilderness
• Pasayten Wilderness
• Lake Chelan-Sawtooth Wilderness
• Retreat of glaciers since 1850
• North Cascades

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Park Service.

1. ^ "Listing of acreage as of 12/31/2010". Public Use Statistic Office, National Park Service. http://www.nature.nps.gov/stats/Acreage/acrebypark10cy.pdf. Retrieved 2011-06-21. 
2. ^ "Five Year Annual Recreation Visits Report". Public Use Statistic Office, National Park Service. http://www.nature.nps.gov/stats/viewReport.cfm?selectedReport=SystemComparisonReport.cfm. Retrieved 2011-06-21. 
3. ^ Glacier Retreat in the Pacific Northwest North Cascades National Park
4. ^ C. Michael Hogan. 2008. Rough-skinned Newt (Taricha granulosa), Globaltwitcher, ed. Nicklas Stromberg [1]
5. ^ "Plants". United States National Park Service: North Cascades National Park Service Complex. http://www.nps.gov/noca/naturescience/plants.htm. Retrieved January 13, 2009. 
6. ^ Bolsinger, Charles L.; Waddell, Karen L. (1993). Area of old-growth forests in California, Oregon, and Washington. United States Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. Resource Bulletin PNW-RB-197. http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_rb197.pdf 

• Post, A.; D. Richardson, W.V. Tangborn, and F.L. Rosselot (1971). "Inventory of glaciers in the North Cascades, Washington". USGS Prof. Paper 705-A: A1–A26. http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/geology/publications/pp/705-A/index.htm. 

External links

• Official site: North Cascades National Park
• Education: North Cascades Institute
• Guide to North Cascades National Park on Compassmonkey.com
• Glacier Research: North Cascade Glacier Climate Project reports
• Conservation: The North Cascades Conservation Council
• Expansion project: The American Alps Legacy Project seeks to expand and complete the Park as envisioned by its founders