Antimony pentachloride

Antimony pentachloride
Antimony pentachloride
Identifiers
CAS number 7647-18-9 YesY
ChemSpider 10613049 YesY
EC number 231-601-8
RTECS number CC5075000
Jmol-3D images Image 1
Image 2
Properties
Molecular formula SbCl5
Molar mass 299.02 g/mol
Appearance Colourless or yellow (fuming) liquid
Density 2.336 g/cm3
Melting point

2.8 °C, 276 K, 37 °F

Boiling point

140 °C, 413 K, 284 °F

Solubility in water decomposes
Solubility soluble in HCl, chloroform and CCl4
Refractive index (nD) 1.59255
Viscosity 0.00191 Pa s
Structure
Molecular shape Trigonal bipyramidal
Dipole moment 0 D
Hazards
EU Index 051-002-00-3
EU classification Corrosive (C)
Dangerous for the environment (N)
R-phrases R34, R51/53
S-phrases (S1/2), S26, S45, S61
NFPA 704
NFPA 704.svg
0
3
1
W
Flash point 77 °C
LD50 1115 mg/kg, oral (rat)
Related compounds
Other anions Antimony pentafluoride
Other cations Phosphorus pentachloride
Related compounds Antimony trichloride
 YesY pentachloride (verify) (what is: YesY/N?)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Antimony pentachloride is a the chemical compound with the formula SbCl5. It is a colourless oil, but typical samples are yellowish due to impurities. Owing to its tendency to hydrolyse to hydrochloric acid, SbCl5 is highly corrosive substance.

Contents

Preparation and structure

Antimony pentachloride is prepared by passing chlorine gas into molten antimony trichloride:

SbCl3 + Cl2 → SbCl5

Gaseous SbCl5 has a trigonal prismatic structure.[1]

Reactions

Antimony pentachloride hydrolyses readily to give hydrochloric acid:

2 SbCl5 + 5 H2O → Sb2O5 + 10 HCl

This reaction is suppressed in the presence of large excess of chloride owing to formation of the hexachloroantimonate complex ion:

SbCl5 + Cl → [SbCl6]

The mono- and tetrahydrates are known, SbCl5.H2O SbCl5.4H2O.

This compound forms adducts with many Lewis bases. It is used as the standard Lewis acid in the Gutmann scale of Lewis basicity.[2]

It is also a strong oxidizing agent.[3]

Applications

Antimony pentachloride is used as a polymerization catalyst and for the chlorination of organic compounds.

References

  1. ^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0080379419. 
  2. ^ V. Gutmann (1976). "Solvent effects on the reactivities of organometallic compounds". Coord. Chem. Rev. 18 (2): 225. doi:10.1016/S0010-8545(00)82045-7. 
  3. ^ Connelly, N. G. and Geiger, W. E. (1996). "Chemical Redox Agents for Organometallic Chemistry". Chem. Rev. 96: 877–922. doi:10.1021/cr940053x. PMID 11848774. 



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  • antimony pentachloride — stibio(V) chloridas statusas T sritis chemija formulė SbCl₅ atitikmenys: angl. antimony pentachloride; antimony(V) chloride rus. сурьма пятихлористая; сурьмы пентахлорид; сурьмы(V) хлорид ryšiai: sinonimas – stibio pentachloridas …   Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • antimony(V) chloride — stibio(V) chloridas statusas T sritis chemija formulė SbCl₅ atitikmenys: angl. antimony pentachloride; antimony(V) chloride rus. сурьма пятихлористая; сурьмы пентахлорид; сурьмы(V) хлорид ryšiai: sinonimas – stibio pentachloridas …   Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • antimony chloride — noun : either of two chlorides of antimony: a. : the trichloride SbCl3 obtained as a colorless hygroscopic caustic crystalline solid from antimony and chlorine and used chiefly in coloring metals (as iron, zinc), as a catalyst, and as a mordant… …   Useful english dictionary

  • Arsenic pentachloride — Identifiers …   Wikipedia

  • List of inorganic compounds — Tentative listing related to this page, inorganic compounds by element (presently under construction), as well as . This list is not necessarily complete or up to date ndash; if you see an article that should be here but isn t (or one that… …   Wikipedia

  • chlorine — chlorinous, adj. /klawr een, in, klohr /, n. a halogen element, a heavy, greenish yellow, incombustible, water soluble, poisonous gas that is highly irritating to the respiratory organs, obtained chiefly by electrolysis of sodium chloride brine:… …   Universalium

  • stibio(V) chloridas — statusas T sritis chemija formulė SbCl₅ atitikmenys: angl. antimony pentachloride; antimony(V) chloride rus. сурьма пятихлористая; сурьмы пентахлорид; сурьмы(V) хлорид ryšiai: sinonimas – stibio pentachloridas …   Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • сурьма пятихлористая — stibio(V) chloridas statusas T sritis chemija formulė SbCl₅ atitikmenys: angl. antimony pentachloride; antimony(V) chloride rus. сурьма пятихлористая; сурьмы пентахлорид; сурьмы(V) хлорид ryšiai: sinonimas – stibio pentachloridas …   Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • сурьмы пентахлорид — stibio(V) chloridas statusas T sritis chemija formulė SbCl₅ atitikmenys: angl. antimony pentachloride; antimony(V) chloride rus. сурьма пятихлористая; сурьмы пентахлорид; сурьмы(V) хлорид ryšiai: sinonimas – stibio pentachloridas …   Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • сурьмы(V) хлорид — stibio(V) chloridas statusas T sritis chemija formulė SbCl₅ atitikmenys: angl. antimony pentachloride; antimony(V) chloride rus. сурьма пятихлористая; сурьмы пентахлорид; сурьмы(V) хлорид ryšiai: sinonimas – stibio pentachloridas …   Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

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