New York State Route 308

NYS Route 308
Map of the Kingston area with NY 308 highlighted in red
Route information
Maintained by NYSDOT
Length:	6.19 mi[2] (9.96 km)
Existed:	1930[1] – present
Major junctions
West end:	US 9 in Rhinebeck
East end:	NY 199 in Milan
Location
Counties:	Dutchess
Highway system
Numbered highways in New York Interstate • U.S. • N.Y. (former) • Reference • County ← NY 306 NY 309 →

New York State Route 308 (NY 308) is a short state highway, 6.19 miles (9.96 km) in length, located entirely in northern Dutchess County, in the U.S. state of New York. It is a major collector road through mostly rural areas that serves primarily as a shortcut for traffic from the two main north–south routes in the area, U.S. Route 9 (US 9) and NY 9G, to get to NY 199 and the Taconic State Parkway. The western end of NY 308 is located within the Rhinebeck Village Historic District, a 2.6-square-mile (6.7 km²) historic district comprising 272 historical structures. The highway passes near the Dutchess County Fairgrounds, several historical landmarks, and the Landsman Kill.

Indicated by artifacts found near Lake Sepasco, a small lake along NY 308, the highway began its history in about 1685, when a group of Native Americans called the Sepasco built the Sepasco Trail; this trail ran from the Hudson River, eastward through modern-day Rhinebeck (then Sepasco or Sepascoot), and ended at Lake Sepasco, following roughly Route 308 and its side roads. The trail remained until 1802, when part of the Ulster and Delaware Turnpike—also known as the Salisbury Turnpike—was chartered over the trail and extended from Salisbury in Connecticut to the Susquehanna River at or near the Town of Jericho (now Bainbridge).

Route 308 was designated as part of the 1930 renumbering of New York state highways, incorporating a portion of the former Ulster and Delaware Turnpike. The route originally extended from Milan westward to Rhinecliff to serve a ferry landing on the Hudson River. It was truncated to US 9 in the 1960s but its former routing to Rhinecliff is still state-maintained as an unsigned reference route. The highway was also intended to be part of the then-new Kingston–Rhinecliff Bridge until plans were changed to involve other routes and the building site for the bridge was moved about 3 miles (5 km) northward.

Route description

Route 308 near its western terminus at US 9

Part of NY 308 is located along the Rhinebeck Village Historic District, a 1,670-acre (6.8 km²) historic district that contains 272 buildings in a variety of architectural styles dating from over 200 years of the settlement's history. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 as a well-preserved and cohesively built area of historic buildings.^[3] A notable attraction is the Beekman Arms Inn, which is located at the corner of NY 308 and US 9. Founded in 1776,^[4] it claims to be the oldest continuously-operated inn located in the United States.^[5]

Route 308 begins at US 9 in the Dutchess County village of Rhinebeck, at about 200 feet (61 m) in elevation.^[6] To the south is the American Legion Park, a small lake, and the Rhinebeck Cemetery. In the center of the village is the Rhinebeck, New York U.S. Post Office, which is situated very close to the US 9 / NY 308 intersection. The Post Office was established in 1940, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.^[7] At this point, the Dutchess County Fairgrounds are located just to the north of Route 308. The highway proceeds eastward on East Market Street, soon exiting Rhinebeck while it runs parallel to the Landsman Kill River, a minor tributary of the Hudson River, which is sometimes known as Landsman Kill or Landsmankill.^[8] The Landsman Kill has numerous spawning runs of smelt, alewife, and blueback herring.^[9]

NY 308's western terminus at US 9 in downtown Rhinebeck

An intersection with County Route 101 (CR 101, named Violet Hill Road) soon follows, as NY 308 turns slightly to the north. It intersects with NY 9G via an interchange before crossing the stream and gradually turning to the east into a relatively rural area. Between US 9 and NY 9G, NY 308 carries an average of about 6,400 vehicles per day. East of NY 9G, the traffic volume drops to about 3,700 vehicles per day.^[10] Several small lakes surround NY 308 as it intersects CR 52 in the hamlet of Eighmyville and subsequently turns to the northeast, traveling within a large open field. NY 308 then travels west of Sepasco Lake before turning on an eastward route once again. The highway runs initially in a fairly flat area, although passes between two large hills of at least 400 feet (120 m).^[6] It passes just to the south of the Red Hook Golf Club before coming to an end at NY 199 in Rock City, a hamlet within the town of Milan that is situated just east of where the Milan, Red Hook, and Rhinebeck town lines converge.^[8]

History

Native Americans and old roads

Indicated by artifacts recovered close to the road in Milan and in other areas along the Hudson River, the earliest inhabitants of the northern Dutchess County region were the Mohicans, a Native American nation, about 3,000 years ago.^[11] The range of the Mohicans extended from northern Dutchess County to the southern tip of Lake Champlain, and from the Catskill Mountains to the Berkshires of Massachusetts. The total population of the Mohicans was estimated at 8,000 during the time of first contact with the Europeans, although only 800 remained after the American Revolution.^[12] Artifacts were also recovered along the shore of Lake Sepasco—a small lake NY 308 passes near its ending terminus. Those artifacts recovered included ancient arrowheads, and are now on display at the Museum of Rhinebeck History.^[13]

A group of these Native Americans were, in deeds and correspondence, known as the Sepasco Indians, a name specific to Native Americans in the Sepasco area (modern-day Rhinebeck). The word Sepasco probably originated from the tribe's word for little river or stream, sepuus, which is believed to have referred to the Landsman Kill, a stream parallel to NY 308. After the American Civil War, only a few of the Sepasco were left; the last Sepasco died in a hut near Welch's Cave and Lake Sepasco and was reported in the local newspaper in 1867. By 1685, a trail known as the Sepasco Trail was formed by them and was routed from the Hudson River, eastward through the present-day Village of Rhinebeck, ending at Lake Sepasco.^[14] The trail from the Village of Rhinebeck to Lake Sepasco follows roughly modern-day Route 308,^[14] in some areas slightly to the south, where the highway's side roads are curved in a pattern similar to that of the Sepasco Trail.^[15] It is possible that the trail as a whole existed as a spur of an ancient path that stretched from Rhinebeck to Cornwall, Connecticut.^[16]

A plaque at the intersection of NY 308 and US 9, placed in 1922, marks the crossing of the Kings Highway and the former Sepasco Trail.

The trail remained intact until 1802, when part of the Ulster and Delaware Turnpike was chartered over it "for improving and making a road from the west line of the Town of Salisbury in the State of Connecticut to the Susquehannah [sic] River at or near the Town of Jericho [present-day Bainbridge]".^[17] The portion of the Ulster and Delaware Turnpike east of the Hudson River was also commonly known as the Ulster and Salisbury Turnpike. The turnpike crossed the river using Kingston-Rhinecliff Ferry and used modern Rhinecliff Road and West Market Street to the village center of Rhinecliff, then followed roughly modern NY 308 to the hamlet of Eighmyville.^[18] It continued east from there using part of CR 52 to eventually connect with NY 199. The turnpike corporation operated through the late 19th century.

A bronze plaque attached to a large boulder was erected in November 1922 by Chancellor Livingston Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution on the property of the Beekman Arms, that marked the crossing of the Kings Highway (present-day US 9) and the Ulster and Salisbury Turnpike.^[19] Still existent, it reads "This stone marks the crossing of the Kings Highway and the Sepasco Indian Trail, later named the Ulster and Salisbury Turnpike, over which traveled the Connecticut Pioneers to their new homes in western New York."^[20]

Designation

The NY 308 designation was assigned as part of the 1930 renumbering of New York state highways. At the time, it extended from the Rhinecliff ferry landing to Rock City in the town of Milan.^[1][21] West of US 9, NY 308 continued to follow the old turnpike alignment to Hutton Street, where it connected to the Kingston-Rhinecliff Ferry.^[21][22] In 1947, the ferry was the only crossing of the Hudson River between Catskill (the Rip Van Winkle Bridge) and Poughkeepsie (the Mid-Hudson Bridge)—a distance of 36 miles (58 km)—and the only one serving the Kingston area.^[23]

The Kingston–Rhinecliff Bridge

Initial plans for the Kingston–Rhinecliff Bridge, a structure that replaced the ferry between the two locations, called for the bridge to span the Hudson River between downtown Kingston (at Kingston Point) and the village of Rhinebeck along a corridor similar to that of NY 308. Due to political and economic factors, the bridge site was moved 3 miles (5 km) upstream (northward). The bridge, then partially complete, opened to traffic on February 2, 1957, at which time the ferry service between Kingston and Rhinecliff was terminated.^[24] However, NY 308 continued to extend west to Rhinecliff up to the 1960s, when it was truncated to US 9 in the village of Rhinebeck.^[25][26] The section of former NY 308 west of US 9 is now designated as NY 982M, an unsigned reference route.^[27]

Major intersections

NY 308 in the village of Rhinebeck, near the intersection with US 9

The entire route is in Dutchess County.

Location	Mile[2]	Destinations	Notes
Village of Rhinebeck	0.00	US 9
Town of Rhinebeck	1.82	NY 9G
Milan	6.19	NY 199	Hamlet of Rock City
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b} Automobile Legal Association. Automobile Green Book: Road Reference and Tourists' Guide of All States East of Mississippi River, Eastern Ontario, Quebec and Maritime Provinces (1930/31 and 1931/32 editions ed.). Boston: Scarborough Motor Guide Co. OCLC 24448978. (1930/31); OCLC 23232928 (1931/32).  The 1930/31 edition shows New York state routes prior to the 1930 renumbering.
2. ^ ^{a b} "2008 Traffic Data Report for New York State" (PDF). New York State Department of Transportation. June 16, 2009. p. 291. https://www.nysdot.gov/divisions/engineering/technical-services/hds-respository/NYSDOT_Traffic_Data_Report_2008.pdf. Retrieved October 13, 2009. 
3. ^ Hatch, Marilyn. "Rhinebeck Village Walking Tour". Rhinebeck Chamber of Commerce. Archived from the original on January 7, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070107063835/http://www.rhinebeckchamber.com/history/walktour.asp. Retrieved November 18, 2007. 
4. ^ Historical Hotels of America. "Beekman Arms & Delamater Inn". National Trust for Historic Preservation. http://www.historichotels.org/hotel/Beekman_Arms. Retrieved May 15, 2008. 
5. ^ Faber, Harold (April 14, 1991). "What's doing in: The Hudson Valley". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/14/travel/what-s-doing-in-the-hudson-valley.html?sec=&spon=&pagewanted=2. Retrieved July 20, 2008. 
6. ^ ^{a b} USGS (1993). "Topographic map". The National Map. Microsoft Research Maps. http://msrmaps.com/image.aspx?T=2&S=13&Z=18&X=372&Y=2903&W=1. Retrieved May 15, 2008. 
7. ^ "FDR and Dutchess County Stone Buildings". Marist College Franklin D. Roosevelt Library. Archived from the original on June 8, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070608022724/http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/frdcsb7.html. Retrieved August 17, 2007. 
8. ^ ^{a b} Google, Inc. Google Maps – New York State Route 308 (Map). Cartography by Google, Inc. http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&q=from:+E%20Market%20St/RT-308%20@41.926860,%20-73.912580+to:+RT-308%20@41.970313,%20-73.821096. Retrieved March 1, 2008. 
9. ^ "Coastal fish & wildlife habitat rating form" (PDF). nyswaterfronts.org. http://www.nyswaterfronts.com/downloads/pdfs/sig_hab/hudsonriver/Vanderburgh_Cove_Shallows.pdf. Retrieved June 17, 2008. 
10. ^ "Traffic Data Viewer". New York State Department of Transportation. 2006. https://www.nysdot.gov/tdv. Retrieved July 16, 2008. 
11. ^ "History". Milanconcerns.com. http://www.milanconcerns.com/history/history.html. Retrieved July 14, 2008. 
12. ^ "The Mohicans of Columbia County". Valatie Library. http://www.valatielibrary.org/mohicans.htm. Retrieved July 15, 2008. 
13. ^ Kelly, Nancy V. (2000). "October 2000 Chamber Line" (PDF). Rhinebeck Chamber of Commerce. Archived from the original on May 20, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060520215510/http://www.rhinebeckchamber.com/newsletter/0010.pdf. Retrieved July 15, 2008. 
14. ^ ^{a b} Kelly, Nancy V. (2000). "September 2000 Chamber Line" (PDF). Rhinebeck Chamber of Commerce. Archived from the original on May 20, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060520220114/http://www.rhinebeckchamber.com/newsletter/0009.pdf. Retrieved July 15, 2008. 
15. ^ Pritchard, p. 453
16. ^ Pritchard, p. 289
17. ^ State of New York, p. 113
18. ^ Sive, p. 33
19. ^ Ludy, p. 112
20. ^ Houghton, p. 64
21. ^ ^{a b} Sun Oil Company (1935). Road Map & Historical Guide - New York (Map). Cartography by Rand McNally and Company. 
22. ^ United States Geological Survey (1939). New York - Rhinebeck Quadrangle (southwestern portion) (Map). 1 : 62,500. 15 Minute Series (Topographic). http://docs.unh.edu/NY/rhin39sw.jpg. Retrieved April 21, 2008. 
23. ^ State of New York Department of Public Works. Official Highway Map of New York State (Map). Cartography by General Drafting (1947–48 ed.). 
24. ^ "The "George Clinton" Kingston-Rhinecliff Bridge". New York State Bridge Authority. http://www.nysba.state.ny.us/bridgepages/KRB/KRBpage/krb_page.htm. Retrieved November 6, 2010. 
25. ^ Sinclair (1964). New York and Metropolitan New York (Map). Cartography by Rand McNally and Company. 
26. ^ State of New York Department of Transportation (January 1, 1970) (PDF). Official Description of Touring Routes in New York State. Albany, New York: Traffic and Safety Division, New York State Department of Transportation. OCLC 19293841. http://www.greaternyroads.info/pdfs/state70.pdf. Retrieved April 21, 2008. 
27. ^ New York State Department of Transportation (1989). Kingston Digital Raster Quadrangle (Map). 1:24,000. http://www.nysgis.state.ny.us/gisdata/quads/drg24/dotpreview/index.cfm?code=y47. Retrieved January 20, 2010. 

References

New York Roads portal

• Smith, James H. (1882). History of Dutchess County. D. Mason & Co. 
• Henry Noble MacCracken (1956). Old Dutchess Forever!. New York: Hastings House.
• Dunn, Shirley W. (1994). The Mohicans and Their Land: 1609–1730. Purple Mountain Press. ISBN 0-935796-49-5. 
• Pritchard, Evan T. (2002). Native New Yorkers: The Legacy of the Algonquin People of New York (1st ed. ed.). San Francisco: Council Oak Books. ISBN 1-57178-107-2. 
• State of New York (1804). Laws of the State of New York, Vol. III. Albany, New York: Charles R. and George Webster. http://books.google.com/books?id=e637shhPEdMC&pg=RA1-PA113. 
• Sive, Mary Robinson (1998). Lost Villages: Historic Driving Tours in the Catskills. Delhi (village), New York: Delaware County Historical Association. ISBN 1-892289-00-8. 
• Ludy, Robert B. (1927). Historic Hotels of the World: Past and Present. Philadelphia: David McKay. 
• Houghton, Raymond C. (2003). A Revolutionary War Road Trip On Us Route 9: Spend a Revolutionary Day. Cyber Haus. ISBN 1-931373-12-4. 

External links

• New York Routes – New York State Route 308
• New York State Highway Termini – New York State Route 308