Truro Cathedral

Truro Cathedral
Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Truro Cathedral from St Mary's Street
Truro Cathedral Location within Cornwall
50°15′51″N 05°03′04″W / 50.26417°N 5.05111°W / 50.26417; -5.05111Coordinates: 50°15′51″N 05°03′04″W / 50.26417°N 5.05111°W / 50.26417; -5.05111
Location	Truro, Cornwall
Country	England
Denomination	Church of England
Tradition	High Church, Anglican Cathedral
Website	www.trurocathedral.org.uk
History
Consecrated	1887
Architecture
Architect(s)	J. L. Pearson
Style	Gothic Revival
Years built	1880-1910
Specifications
Number of towers	4
Number of spires	3
Spire height	76m (crossing), 61m (western)
Administration
Diocese	Truro (since 1876)
Province	Canterbury
Clergy
Bishop(s)	The Rt Revd Timothy Martin Thornton[1]
Dean	The Very Revd Dr Christopher Hardwick
Canon(s)	The Revd Canon R. C. Bush The Revd Canon P. C. Lambert The Revd Canon P. A. A. Walker
Precentor	The Revd Canon Perran Gay
Laity
Director of music	Christopher Gray

The Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Truro is an Anglican cathedral located in the city of Truro, Cornwall, in the United Kingdom. It was built in the Gothic Revival architectural style fashionable during much of the nineteenth century, and is one of only three cathedrals in the United Kingdom with three spires.^[2]

History and description

The See (or Diocese) of Truro was established in 1876 and the first bishop, Edward White Benson, was consecrated in 1877. Truro was the first cathedral to be built on a new site in England since Salisbury Cathedral in 1220.

Construction began in 1880 on the site of the sixteenth century parish church of St Mary the Virgin to a design by the leading Gothic Revival architect John Loughborough Pearson. St Mary's, a building in the perpendicular style with a spire 128 feet tall^[3] was demolished in October 1880, leaving only the early sixteenth-century south aisle, which was retained to serve as as the parish church. From 1880 until 1887 a temporary wooden cathedral was built on an adjacent site. This accommodated fewer than 400 people and was extremely hot in summer and cold in winter. It was in this building that the Bishop introduced the new evening service of Nine Lessons and Carols on Christmas Eve, 1880.^[4]

Pearson's design combines the Early English style with certain French characteristics, chiefly spires and rose windows. Truro's resemblance to Lincoln Cathedral is not coincidental: Pearson had been appointed as Lincoln's Cathedral architect and the first Bishop of Truro, Edward Benson, had previously been Canon Chancellor at Lincoln. The central tower and spire stands 250 feet (76 m) tall, while the western towers reach to 200 feet (61 m). Four kinds of stone were used: Mabe granite for the exterior, and St Stephen's granite for the interior, with dressings and shafts of Bath and Polyphant stone. The spires and turret roofs are of stone, except for a copper spire over the bell tower at west end of St Mary's Aisle. The other roofs are of slate.^[5] The cathedral is vaulted throughout. ^[3] By October 1887 the choir and transepts were complete and the service of consecration took place on 3 November. The delay was caused by the wish to allow Edward Benson, by that time Archbishop of Canterbury, to attend. Bishop Wilkinson and twenty other bishops were present, together with civic representatives and diocesan clergy, and about 2,000 other people.^[6]

The central tower was finished by 1905 and the building was completed with the opening of the two western towers in 1910. John Loughborough Pearson had died in 1897 and his son Frank continued the work of his architectural practice, including work on the design and construction of St Matthew's, Auckland in New Zealand, a reduced version of Truro Cathedral.

The original south aisle of St Mary's Church survives, incorporated into the south-east corner of the cathedral and known as St Mary's Aisle. It still functions as the city centre's parish church. Three brasses were described by Edwin Dunkin in 1882: those of Cuthbert Sydnam (1630), Thomas Hasell (1567) and George Fitzpen, rector of the parish. As the cathedral is dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, it has no Lady Chapel. A Jesus Chapel and the Chapel of Unity and Peace are reserved for quiet and prayer throughout the day.There was no chapter house until 1967 when the opportunity to enlarge the building on the south-east arose. The architect of the new building was John Taylor.^[3]

The Royal Maundy Service was held in the cathedral in 1994 when Queen Elizabeth II presented 134 Cornish people with the traditional Maundy money.^[7]

Restoration

In 2002 the cathedral embarked on what was hoped to be a fifteen year project to restore the east end, the west front and the central tower and spire. Each of the projects would be undertaken as funds allowed. The east end restoration repaired stonework and damage to the iron work on the stained glass windows. From 2004 to 2005 a year long project saw the restoration of the massive west front and towers. In 2009 and 2010 work on the central tower and spire has begun. Restoration work is being carried out by W.R. Bedford; Stuart Aston, managing director, said that the problem is the Bath stone used on the more decorative areas of the cathedral. It has not stood up well to the salts and sand in the maritime climate of Cornwall. Erosion of the stonework has left much of the exposed stonework in such a damaged condition that it resembles honeycomb. Funding for the restoration of the tower and spire has been partly met by grants from English Heritage, Friends of Truro Cathedral, the Heritage Lottery Fund, the Tanner Trust, the cathedral itself and by public subscription. The "Save Our Spire" campaign has raised nearly £50,000 towards the cost.

Governance

The cathedral is governed by a three tier structure as set out in the Cathedral Measure and Statutes. The chapter (comprising the dean, three residentiary canons (see top right of article) and three chapter canons), the cathedral council and the college of canons.

Organs

The Father Willis Organ of 1887 is widely regarded as one of the finest instruments in the country. "It is not easy, even today, to think how the magnificence of the Willis organ in Truro Cathedral could be improved" wrote W L Sumner in his 1952 book The Organ. It was built in 1887 in London and arrived in Cornwall by boat. It has an almost identical specification to the organ he built a year earlier for the then parish church of St Michael, Coventry (later Coventry Cathedral). Both instruments have the standard Willis hallmarks – tierce mixtures on Great and Swell, characterful gedackts on the Choir, and a small but telling pedal division.

Apart from the addition of the electric blower in the 1920s, no major work was done until 1963, when the grandson of the original builder carried out a conservative restoration, at a cost of some £17,000. Before this time, the organ console was situated high up within the main case of the instrument, necessitating a walk of two or three minutes up a spiral staircase in the North Transept. The action was a mixture of Barker lever, pneumatic and tracker. There were very few playing aids and contact between the organist and choir, some forty feet below, must have been almost impossible. In 1963, the organ committee decided to keep the original tonal scheme and voicing, and move the console over on to the south side in a new gallery placed above the choir stalls to a design by the architect John Phillips. Here the organist can hear the instrument properly, and maintain close contact with the choir.

The other main organ in the cathedral is a two-manual instrument in St Mary's aisle, the sole remnant of the former parish church. It was originally built by Renatus Harris and was installed in Truro in 1750 by John Byfield.^[8] It was re-installed in the temporary church in 1880, but was significantly rebuilt and reduced in size in 1887 for installation in its current location^[9]. There is also a four-stop continuo organ by Kenneth Tickell.^[10]

Organists and assistant organists

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Organists

1881 George Robertson Sinclair (later organist of Hereford Cathedral : the G. R. S. of Elgar's Enigma Variations) 1890 Mark James Monk 1920 Hubert Stanley Middleton (later organist of Ely Cathedral and Trinity College, Cambridge) 1926 John Dykes Bower[11] 1929 Guillaume Ormond 1971 John Charles Winter (Organist Emeritus)

1989 David Briggs (later organist of Gloucester Cathedral) 1994 Andrew Nethsingha (now Director of Music at St John's College, Cambridge) 2002 Robert Sharpe (now Director of Music at York Minster) 2008 Christopher Gray[12]

Assistant organists

Ivor Atkins 1885 - 1886 Frederick Rowland Tims 1902 - 1907[13] William Stanley Sutton 1907 - 1911[14] Mr. Hall 1911 Gerald Hocken Knight 1922 - 1926 Arthur William Baines Donald Behenna

Henry Doughty John Charles Winter ca.1950 - 1971 (later Organist) Simon Morley 1991 - 2000 Christopher Gray 2000 - 2008 Luke Bond 2008–present

Organ Scholars

Luke Bond (now Assistant Organist) Christopher Teel 1999–2000 Andrew Senn 2000 - 2001 Nicholas Wearne 2001–2002 (currently Assistant Organist at St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh) Tom Wilkinson 2003–2004 (currently Organist, University of St Andrews) Claire Cousens 2004 - 2005 Tom Little 2005–2006 David Moore 2006–2007 (later Assistant Director of Music, Hampstead Parish Church, London)

Shiloh Roby 2007–2008 (later Organ Scholar of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin) Joshua Hales 2008–2009 (later Organ Scholar at Exeter College, Oxford) Donald Hunt 2009–2010 (later Organ Scholar of St Paul's Cathedral) Sachin Gunga 2010–2011 (later Senior Organ Scholar of Wells Cathedral) Edward Symington 2011 – Present

Bells

A peal of ten bells was cast in 1909 by John Taylor & Co of Loughborough: the tenor bell weighs 33-3-10. ^[15] Four further bells, also cast by Taylor, were installed in 2011: two completing the original ring to twelve, and two smaller ones to give the option of a lighter sound.^[16] In addition there are six bells in the Green Tower, previously in St Mary's Parish Church, of which five form a chiming peal. A planned great bourdon bell for the south-west tower was never made.^[17][18]

Photo gallery

• 

  West front

• 

  From the east, 1905, during construction

• 

  From the east, 1913

• 

  In 1905 before completion of the central tower. The former south aisle of the old church (St Mary's Aisle) can be seen in the foreground

• 

  From the south-east. St Mary's Aisle can be seen in the foreground, plus the tower with which Pearson provided it.

• 

  West front looking across High Cross

• 

  Interior of the cathedral

• 

  Seen over Truro's rooftops

• 

  From St Mary's Street

See also

Anglicanism portal

• List of cathedrals in the United Kingdom
• List of topics related to Cornwall
• Bishop of Truro
• Truro
• Edward White Benson

References

1. ^ BBC News. "Timothy Thornton". http://www.bbc.co.uk/cornwall/content/articles/2008/06/11/faith_newbishop_feature.shtml. Retrieved 2009-05-22. 
2. ^ The other two being Lichfield Cathedral and St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh (Episcopal).
3. ^ ^{a b c} Pevsner, Nikolaus; Enid Radcliffe (1970). Cornwall. p. 234. 
4. ^ Brown, H. M. (1976) A Century for Cornwall. Truro: Blackford; pp. 32-33, 38
5. ^ Details from listed building database (377394) . Images of England. English Heritage.
6. ^ Brown (1976); pp. 33, 43
7. ^ "Mary Ann Winn 1925-2006". St Tudy (parish website). http://www.sttudy.org.uk/VillagePople/MaryWinn/MaryAnnWinn.htm. Retrieved 2011-04-21. 
8. ^ "Organ of St Mary's Truro". Cambridge University. http://www.npor.org.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=N11144. 
9. ^ "Organ of St Mary's Truro". Cambridge University. http://www.npor.org.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=N11145. 
10. ^ "Organ of St Mary's Truro". Cambridge University. http://www.npor.org.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=R00480. 
11. ^ Scholes, Percy A. (1970) The Oxford Companion to Music, 10th ed. London: Oxford U.P.; p. 123b (afterwards organist of New College Oxford; Durham Cathedral; and St Paul's Cathedral; knighted 1968)
12. ^ "Cathedral News". Dean and Chapter of Truro. http://www.trurocathedral.org.uk/day-to-day/news.html. 
13. ^ Thornsby, Frederick W., ed. (1912) Dictionary of Organs and Organists. Bournemouth: Logan; p. 339
14. ^ Thornsby (1912); p. 336
15. ^ "Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers". http://dove.cccbr.org.uk/detail.php?searchString=truro&DoveID=TRURO&printer=true. Retrieved 1 June 2011. 
16. ^ "Truro Cathedral bells ring again". BBC News. 27 May 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cornwall-13571248. Retrieved 1 June 2011. 
17. ^ Dove, R.H. (1982) A Bellringer's Guide to the Church Bells of Britain and Ringing Peals of the World, 6th ed. Aldershot: Viggers
18. ^ Brown, H. M. (1976) A Century for Cornwall. Truro: Blackford; p. 54

• Cooper, Sydney, Canon of Truro (1925) "The Restoration of the Cornish Bishopric". In: Cornish Church Guide. Truro: Blackford; pp. 30–50
• Henderson, Charles (1925) "Truro St Mary V." In: Cornish Church Guide. Truro: Blackford; pp. 209–10

External links

• "Truro Cathedral official website". http://www.trurocathedral.org.uk/. 
• "The specification of the Willis organ". National Pipe Organ Register. http://www.npor.org.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=N11147.