- Minorities of Romania
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Ethnical map of Romania in 2002
Lesser minorities of Romania (under 100,000 members)
Ethnicity in Romania by county (inhabitants) based on the 2002 census data
Ethnicity in Romania by county (%) based on 2002 census dataOfficially, 10.5% of Romania's population is represented by minorities (the rest of 89.5% being Romanians). The principal minorities in Romania are Hungarians (Szeklers and Magyars; see Hungarians in Romania) (especially in Harghita, Covasna and Mureş counties) and Roma people, with a declining German population (in Timiş, Sibiu, Braşov) and smaller numbers of Poles in Bucovina (Austria-Hungary attracted Polish miners, who settled there from the Kraków region in Poland in the 19th century), Serbs, Croats, Slovaks and Banat Bulgarians (in Banat), Ukrainians (in Maramureş and Bukovina), Greeks (Brăila, Constanţa), Turks and Tatars (in Constanţa), Armenians, Russians (Lippovans, in Tulcea) and others. Minority populations are greatest in Transylvania and the Banat, areas in the north and west, which were possessions of Hungary (since 1867 the as part of Austria-Hungary) until World War I.
Before World War II, minorities represented more than 28% of the total population. During the war that percentage was halved, largely by the loss of the border areas of Bessarabia and northern Bukovina (to the former Soviet Union — now Moldova and Ukraine), Black Sea islands (to the former Soviet Union — now Ukraine) and southern Dobrudja (to Bulgaria), as well as by the postwar flight or deportation of ethnic Germans.
Though Romanian troops participated in the destruction of the Jewish communities of Bessarabia and Bukovina, just under half of Jews from Romania survived the Holocaust. Mass emigration, mostly to Israel and United States, has reduced the surviving Jewish community from over 300,000 to less than 6,000. In recent years, more than two-thirds of the ethnic Germans in Romania have emigrated to Germany, leaving behind roughly 60,000.
In the Romanian voting law, all government-recognized ethnic minorities in Romania had been granted each a seat in the Chamber of Deputies since the fall of the Nicolae Ceauşescu regime. This is a list with all ethnic groups from Romania with more than 1,000 persons:
Minority Population (2002) Percent of
the total populationArea Hungarians (incl. Szeklers) 1,431,807 6.6% Transylvania, Bucharest Roma 535,140 2.46% Ukrainians 61,091 0.28% Bukovina, Maramureş Transylvanian Saxons, Swabians 59,764 0.28% Sibiu, Braşov, Bistriţa, Timiş, Caraş Severin Russians/Lipovans 35,791 0.17% Tulcea County Turks 32,098 0.15% Dobrogea Crimean Tatars 23,935 0.11% Dobrogea Serbs 22,518 0.10% Timiş, Arad, Caraş-Severin, Mehedinţi Slovaks 17,199 0.08% Bulgarians 8,025 0.04% Banat Croats/Krašovani 6,786 0.03% Caraş-Severin Greeks 6,472 0.03% Dobrogea Jews 5,785 0.03% Bukovina, Bucharest Czechs 3,938 0.02% Caraş-Severin County Poles 3,559 0.02% Suceava County Italians 3,288 0.02% Bucharest, Timiş County Chinese 2,243 0.01% Bucharest Armenians 1,780 0.01% Gherla Csángó 1,266 0.01% Western Moldova Other: 13,653 Total: 2276138 Romania Hungarian minority in Romania
Main article: Hungarian minority in Romania
Map of Romanian counties with the Hungarian population highlighted.The Hungarian minority of Romania makes up 6.6 percent of the total population of Romania (1,431,807 citizens), and is the largest minority in Romania and one of the largest minorities in Europe.
Most ethnic Hungarians live in what is today known as Transylvania (where they make up about 20% of the population), an area that includes the historic regions of Banat, Crişana and Maramureş. They form a large majority of the population in the Harghita and Covasna counties and a large percentage in the Mureş county.
See also
- Albanians of Romania
- Armenians in Romania
- Aromanians
- Balkan Egyptians
- Banat Bulgarians
- Bulgarians in Romania
- Chinese in Romania
- Crimean Tatars in Romania
- Croats of Romania
- Danube Swabians
- Germans of Romania
- Greeks in Romania
- Islam in Romania
- Italians of Romania
- Jews in Romania
- Krashovani (Croats)
- Lipovans
- Macedonians in Romania
- Polish minority in Romania
- Roma minority in Romania
- Romanian ethnic minorities parties
- Serbs of Romania
- Tatars in Romania
- Turks in Romania
- Ukrainians of Romania
- Walsers - Banat French
- Jassic people a.k.a. Yassics
External links
- Romanian Government – Department for Interethnic Relations
- Ministry of Education - Department for Education in the Languages of Ethnic Minorities – site in Romanian language
- Ethnocultural Diversity Resource Center
- Roma Women Association Romania
- The Jews of Romania
- Yiddish Theater. Bibliography and Discography
- Diversity, another way of speaking about ethnic minorities
- The Rastko Project –The Internet Library of the Serbs from Romania – in Romanian language
Ethnic groups in RomaniaOfficially recognised minorities Hungarians (Székelys • Csángó) · Roma · Ukrainians · Germans · Lipovans · Turks · Tatars (Crimean Tatars) · Serbs · Slovaks · Bulgarians (Banat Bulgarians) · Croats · Greeks · Jews · Czechs · Poles · Italians · Armenians · Macedonians · Albanians · Czechs · Rusyns
Other minorities or recent immigrants Categories:- Ethnic groups in Romania
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