- Climate of Romania
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Geography of Romania Topography Hydrography Climate Because of its position on the southeastern portion of the European continent, Romania has a climate which ranges from temperate to continental. Climatic conditions are somewhat modified by the country's varied topography. The Carpathians serve as a barrier to Atlantic air masses, limiting their oceanic influences to the west and center of the country (Transilvania, Banat and Maramureş), which have milder winters and heavier rainfalls as a result. The mountains also block the continental influences of the vast plain to the north in the Ukraine, which results in frosty winters and less rain to the south and southeast. In the extreme southeast, Black Sea influences offer a milder, maritime climate. The average annual temperature is 11 °C (51.8 °F) in the south and middle-south and 8 °C (46.4 °F) in northeast. In Bucharest, the temperature ranges from average low −5 °C (23 °F) in January to average high 29 °C (84.2 °F) in July and August, with average temperatures of −3 °C (26.6 °F) in January and 23 °C (73.4 °F) in July and August. Rainfall, although adequate throughout the country, decreases from west to east and from mountains to plains. Some mountainous areas receive more than 1,010 mm (39.8 in) of precipitation each year. Annual precipitation averages about 635 mm (25 in) in central Transylvania, 521 mm (20.5 in) at Iaşi in Moldavia, and only 381 mm (15 in) at Constanţa on the Black Sea.
Owing to its distance from the open sea, Romania has a continental climate. Summers are generally very warm to hot, with average maxima in Bucharest being around 29 °C (84.2 °F), with temperatures over 35 °C (95 °F) not unknown in the lower-lying areas of the country. Minima in Bucharest and other lower-lying areas are around 18 °C (64.4 °F), but at higher altitudes both maxima and minima decline considerably.
Winters are quite cold, with average highs even in lower-lying areas being no more than 3 °C (37.4 °F) and below −15 °C (5 °F) in the highest mountains, where some areas of permafrost occur on the highest peaks.
Precipitation is generally modest, averaging over 750 mm (29.5 in) only on the highest western mountains - much of it falling as snow which allows for an extensive skiing industry. In the delta of the Danube, rainfall is very low, averaging only around 370 mm (14.6 in) per year, whilst in the more westerly lowland like Bucharest it is around 530 mm (20.9 in).
Contents
Records
The absolute minimum temperature was −38.5 °C (−37.3 °F), registered near Brașov in 1942. The absolute maximum temperature was 44.5 °C (112.1 °F), recorded at Ion Sion, Brăila County in 1951.
Climate data for Romania Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °C (°F) 22.2
(72.0)26
(79)32.8
(91.0)35.5
(95.9)40.8
(105.4)42
(108)44.3
(111.7)44.5
(112.1)43.5
(110.3)39
(102)30
(86)23.4
(74.1)44.5
(112.1)Record low °C (°F) −38.5
(−37.3)−38
(−36)−31.4
(−24.5)−26
(−15)−16
(3)−12
(10)−8
(18)−7
(19)−15
(5)−21.3
(−6.3)−30.8
(−23.4)−34.5
(−30.1)−38.5
(−37.3)Source: http://www.meteoromania.ro/index.php?id=489 White Christmas in Romania
Location Percentage Bucharest 75% Iași 80% Timişoara 70% Cluj-Napoca 85% Constanța 65% Miercurea Ciuc 90% Craiova 75% Brașov 85% Satu Mare 75% Averages and records by city
Climate data for Bucharest Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °C (°F) 16
(61)20
(68)29
(84)32
(90)37
(99)37
(99)39
(102)41
(106)39
(102)35
(95)24
(75)18
(64)41
(106)Average high °C (°F) 1.5
(34.7)4.1
(39.4)10.5
(50.9)18
(64)23.3
(73.9)26.8
(80.2)28.8
(83.8)28.5
(83.3)24.6
(76.3)18
(64)10
(50)3.8
(38.8)16.5 Average low °C (°F) −5.5
(22.1)−3.3
(26.1)0.3
(32.5)5.6
(42.1)10.5
(50.9)14
(57)15.6
(60.1)15
(59)11.1
(52.0)5.7
(42.3)1.6
(34.9)−2.6
(27.3)5.7 Record low °C (°F) −32
(−26)−26
(−15)−19
(−2)−4
(25)0
(32)5
(41)8
(46)7
(45)0
(32)−6
(21)−14
(7)−23
(−9)−32
(−26)Precipitation mm (inches) 40
(1.57)36
(1.42)38
(1.5)46
(1.81)70
(2.76)77
(3.03)64
(2.52)58
(2.28)42
(1.65)32
(1.26)49
(1.93)43
(1.69)595
(23.43)% humidity 87 84 73 63 63 62 58 59 63 73 85 89 72 Avg. precipitation days 6 6 6 7 6 6 7 6 5 5 6 6 72 Avg. snowy days 6 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 19 Sunshine hours 61 85 155 180 248 270 341 310 240 155 60 62 2,167 Source: World Meteorological Organisation [1] Climate data for Timişoara, Romania Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °C (°F) 17.4
(63.3)20.5
(68.9)28.2
(82.8)32.0
(89.6)34.5
(94.1)38.4
(101.1)39.6
(103.3)41.0
(105.8)39.7
(103.5)33.8
(92.8)27.1
(80.8)20.2
(68.4)41.0
(105.8)Average high °C (°F) 2
(36)5
(41)11
(52)18
(64)23
(73)26
(79)28
(82)28
(82)25
(77)18
(64)11
(52)4
(39)17 Daily mean °C (°F) −1
(30)1
(34)5
(41)11
(52)16
(61)19
(66)21
(70)21
(70)18
(64)12
(54)6
(43)1
(34)11 Average low °C (°F) −5
(23)−3
(27)0
(32)5
(41)10
(50)13
(55)15
(59)14
(57)11
(52)6
(43)2
(36)−1
(30)5 Record low °C (°F) −35.3
(−31.5)−29.2
(−20.6)−20
(−4.0)−5.2
(22.6)−5
(23.0)2.2
(36.0)5.9
(42.6)5.0
(41.0)−1.9
(28.6)−6.8
(19.8)−15.4
(4.3)−24.8
(−12.6)−35.3
(−31.5)Precipitation mm (inches) 47
(1.85)44
(1.73)46
(1.81)56
(2.2)71
(2.8)91
(3.58)67
(2.64)53
(2.09)51
(2.01)46
(1.81)57
(2.24)59
(2.32)688
(27.09)% humidity 91 87 81 80 77 79 74 75 76 85 92 89 82 Avg. precipitation days 12 10 8 7 12 15 11 10 10 9 11 11 145 Avg. rainy days 2 3 5 7 10 14 11 10 10 8 6 4 90 Avg. snowy days 10 7 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 7 33 Sunshine hours 62 85 155 180 210 240 280 279 210 155 85 60 2,001 [citation needed] Climate data for Cluj-Napoca Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Average high °C (°F) −1
(30)1
(34)8
(46)13
(55)18
(64)21
(70)23
(73)23
(73)20
(68)13
(55)5
(41)1
(34)12 Average low °C (°F) −6
(21)−5
(23)0
(32)4
(39)8
(46)11
(52)13
(55)12
(54)9
(48)4
(39)0
(32)−3
(27)4 Precipitation cm (inches) 2
(0.8)2
(0.8)2
(0.8)4
(1.6)7
(2.8)8
(3.1)8
(3.1)7
(2.8)4
(1.6)4
(1.6)3
(1.2)2
(0.8)59
(23.2)Source: weatherbase.com[2] Climate data for Iaşi, Romania Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Average high °C (°F) −1
(31)2
(35)8
(46)16
(61)22
(72)25
(77)27
(80)26
(79)22
(72)16
(61)8
(47)2
(36){{{year high C}}}
(58)Daily mean °C (°F) −4
(25)−2
(29)3
(37)11
(51)16
(61)19
(67)21
(69)20
(68)16
(61)10
(50)4
(40)−1
(31){{{year mean C}}}
(49)Average low °C (°F) −7
(19)−5
(23)−1
(30)5
(41)10
(50)13
(56)15
(59)14
(57)11
(51)5
(41)1
(34)−4
(25){{{year low C}}}
(40.5)Precipitation mm (inches) 33
(1.30)30.5
(1.20)30.5
(1.20)53.3
(2.10)63.5
(2.50)101.6
(4.00)83.8
(3.30)55.9
(2.20)48.3
(1.90)25.4
(1.00)35.6
(1.40)30.5
(1.20)591.8
(23.30)Source: Weather.com [3] Climate data for Constanța Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Average high °C (°F) 3
(37)3
(37)7
(45)12
(54)18
(64)23
(73)25
(77)25
(77)21
(70)16
(61)10
(50)5
(41)14 Average low °C (°F) −1
(30)−1
(30)2
(36)6
(43)12
(54)16
(61)18
(64)18
(64)15
(59)10
(50)3
(37)1
(34)8 Source: weatherbase.com[2] Climate data for Ploieşti Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Average high °C (°F) 1
(34)4
(39)10
(50)18
(64)23
(73)27
(81)28
(82)28
(82)24
(75)18
(64)10
(50)3
(37)16.2 Average low °C (°F) −6
(21)−3
(27)0
(32)6
(43)10
(50)14
(57)16
(61)15
(59)11
(52)6
(43)1
(34)−3
(27)5.6 Precipitation mm (inches) 40.6
(1.598)35.6
(1.402)38.1
(1.5)45.7
(1.799)71.1
(2.799)76.2
(3)63.5
(2.5)58.4
(2.299)43.2
(1.701)33
(1.3)48.3
(1.902)43.2
(1.701)596.9
(23.5)Source: Weather Channel Climate data for Oradea Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Average high °C (°F) 1.4
(34.5)4.7
(40.5)10.7
(51.3)16.9
(62.4)22.1
(71.8)24.9
(76.8)27.1
(80.8)26.8
(80.2)23.0
(73.4)17.1
(62.8)9.3
(48.7)3.4
(38.1)15.62
(60.11)Average low °C (°F) −5.2
(22.6)−2.7
(27.1)1.0
(33.8)5.5
(41.9)10.1
(50.2)12.9
(55.2)14.2
(57.6)13.9
(57.0)10.8
(51.4)5.9
(42.6)1.9
(35.4)−2.4
(27.7)5.49
(41.89)Precipitation mm (inches) 39.5
(1.555)30.3
(1.193)36.5
(1.437)44.9
(1.768)63.4
(2.496)90.5
(3.563)69.1
(2.72)55.2
(2.173)39.9
(1.571)37.9
(1.492)46.6
(1.835)49.4
(1.945)603.2
(23.748)Source: Administrația Natională de Meteorologie[4] Climate data for Satu Mare Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Average high °C (°F) 1
(34)3
(37)10
(50)15
(59)20
(68)22
(72)25
(77)25
(77)21
(70)15
(59)7
(45)2
(36)13 Average low °C (°F) −5
(23)−3
(27)1
(34)5
(41)9
(48)12
(54)13
(55)13
(55)10
(50)5
(41)0
(32)−2
(28)5 Precipitation cm (inches) 2
(0.8)2
(0.8)2
(0.8)4
(1.6)7
(2.8)8
(3.1)8
(3.1)7
(2.8)4
(1.6)4
(1.6)3
(1.2)2
(0.8)59
(23.2)Source: weatherbase.com[2] See also
References
- ^ "World Weather Information Service - Bucharest". August 2011. http://worldweather.wmo.int/183/c00200.htm.
- ^ a b c "Weatherbase data for Cluj-Napoca". August 2011. http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=2151&refer=&units=metric. Retrieved 2008-03-16.
- ^ "Monthly Averages for Iaşi, Romania". The Weather Channel. August 2011. http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/businesstraveler/wxclimatology/monthly/ROXX0020. Retrieved 2010-01-22.
- ^ "Medii lunare multianuale 1961–1990" (in romanian). Administrația Natională de Meteorologie (Romanian National Administration of Meteorology). August 2011. http://www.meteoromania.ro/index.php?id=475. Retrieved 2010-07-15.
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