PAC Fletcher

PAC Fletcher
Fletcher Fu24
Role	agricultural aircraft
Manufacturer	Pacific Aerospace Corporation.
Developed from	Fletcher FD-25
Variants	PAC Cresco

The PAC Fletcher is an agricultural aircraft made in New Zealand. One of the first designed for aerial topdressing, the Fletcher has also been used for other aerial applications as a utility aircraft, and for sky diving.

Design and development

The PAC Fletcher was loosely based on the Fletcher FD-25 Defender, designed by US aeronautical engineer and light aircraft enthusiast John W. Thorp, and originally conceived in 1951 as a STOL light attack aircraft. The prototype Defender was built by Fletcher Aviation in California and first flew in 1953. A few Defenders were later built in Japan.

At the time New Zealand top dressing operators were in the U.S. seeking a replacement for war surplus De Havilland Tiger Moths which formed the backbone of the industry. Thorp and Wendell Fletcher incorporated many elements of the Defender into a new design, the FU-24. A group of New Zealand top dressing operators gathered a hundred options for the design off the drawing board, and founded a company, Air Parts, to assemble the type in New Zealand, while a New Zealand farming company, Cable Price Corporation, funded the construction of two prototypes in the U.S. with the New Zealand Meat Producers Board acting as financial guarantor.

The first prototype Fu 24 flew on 14 June 1954 in the United States, then was disassembled for shipment to New Zealand, together with the (unflown) second prototype. The original prototype had a 225 hp (168 kW) engine and open cockpit. Prior to production commening this design was altered to add an enclosed cockpits and more powerful 260 to 310 hp (230 kW) Continental engines.

The next 70 aircraft were delivered to New Zealand in kit form and assembled at Hamilton airport. From 1961 full production was undertaken locally, by Air Parts, which later became part of AESL and detail improvements and the option of dual controls were added, becoming the mark II.

The Fletcher is a conventional low-wing monoplane with tricycle undercarriage, side-by-side seating in front of the wing and hopper and pronounced dihedral on the outer wing panels. A door aft of the wing's trailing edge on the port side allows access to a cargo compartment. The Fletcher's airframe is constructed entirely of aluminium, heavily treated to prevent corrosion.

After the 257th aircraft the engine was changed to a 400 hp (300 kW) Lycoming O-720 horizontally opposed eight-cylinder engine (over a hundred earlier aircraft were re built and re engined by the factory). Some Fletchers have also flown with V-8 truck engines. In 1967 a PT6 turboprop version was built by James Aviation as ZK-CTZ, a 530 hp (400 kW) Garrett TPE 331-powered version followed in 1968 and a 665 hp (496 kW) Garrett powered version in 1971, both for Robertson Air Service. Several others were converted aftermarket with these or Walter turbines, (including the first prototype, which flew until recently with a Walter).

In the mid 1970s, Pacific Aerospace decided the Fletcher design was reaching the limits of redevelopment and introduced the larger and stronger PAC Cresco. Despite the similar appearance this is a new aircraft, though sharing a few components. For several years production of the two continued side by side, but the type is now effectively out of production, (new Fletchers remain nominally available from the manufacturer, but no new aircraft have been built since a batch of 5 for Syria was completed in 1992).

Although Fletcher was originally the name of the manufacturer in the U.S., and the aircraft was called the FU-24, over time the type has become simply known as the Fletcher. Fletchers have been sold to most parts of the world, although they are rare in Europe and the US. Large government orders came from many developing countries, including Thailand, Syria, Iraq and Sudan.

Variants

• FU-24 : Single-seat agricultural top dressing aircraft.
• FU-24A Utility : Six-seat utility transport aircraft. One prototype built in the United States.
• FU-24-950 : Two-seat agricultural top dressing aircraft. Also known as the Task Master in the United States.
• FU-24-954 : Improved version.
• Pegasus 1 : Military version developed by Frontier Aerospace, of Long Beach, California.

Operators

 New Zealand

• Mount Cook Airline - Six aircraft.

Specifications (FU-24-954)

Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1993–94 ^[1]

General characteristics

• Crew: 2
• Capacity:
  
  • Six passengers or
  • 320 US Gallon (1,211 L) liquid or 2,350 lb (1,066 kg) powder hopper
• Length: 31 ft 10 in (9.70 m)
• Wingspan: 42 ft 0 in (12.80 m)
• Height: 9 ft 4 in (2.84 m)
• Wing area: 294.0 sq ft (27.31 m²)
• Airfoil: NACA 4415
• Empty weight: 2,620 lb (1,188 kg)
• Gross weight: 4,860 lb (2,204 kg) (normal maximum)
• Max takeoff weight: 5,430 lb (2,463 kg) (agricultural)
• Fuel capacity: 67 US Gallons, 254 L (normal)
• Powerplant: 1 × Textron Lycoming IO-720-A1A air-cooled flat-eight engine, 400 hp (300 kW)

Performance

• Maximum speed: 145 mph (233 km/h; 126 kn) at sea level
• Cruise speed: 130 mph (110 kn; 210 km/h) (75% power)
• Stall speed: 57 mph (50 kn; 92 km/h) (flaps down)
• Never exceed speed: 165 mph (143 kn; 266 km/h)
• Range: 441 mi (383 nmi; 710 km)
• Service ceiling: 16,000 ft (4,877 m)
• Rate of climb: 805 ft/min (4.09 m/s)

Specifications (FU-24A)

• As FU-24-954 except:

Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1965–66^[2]

General characteristics

• Empty weight: 2,000 lb (907 kg)
• Gross weight: 3,500 lb (1,588 kg)
• Powerplant: 1 × Continental IO-470-D air-cooled flat-six engine, 260 hp (190 kW)

Performance

• Maximum speed: 230 mph (370 km/h; 200 kn) at sea level
• Cruise speed: 127 mph (110 kn; 204 km/h) (75% power)
• Range: 371 mi (322 nmi; 597 km)
• Service ceiling: 17,000 ft (5,182 m)
• Rate of climb: 900 ft/min (4.6 m/s)

See also

• Aerial application
• Aerial topdressing
• Agricultural aircraft
  

Related development

• Fletcher FD-25
• PAC Cresco
  

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

• Auster Agricola
  

References

1. ^ Lambert 1993, p. 221.
2. ^ Taylor 1965, p.110.

• Alexander, G. & J. S. Tullett, The Super Men. A.H. & A.W. Reed, Wellington, 1967
• Ewing, Ross and MacPherson, Ross. The History of New Zealand Aviation, Heinemann, 1986
• Geelen, Janic. The Topdressers NZ Aviation Press. Te Awamutu, 1983
• Knowles, Alan. New Zealand Aircraft, IPL Books, Wellington, 1990
• Lambert, Mark. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1993–94. Coulsdon, UK:Jane's Data Division, 1993. ISBN 0-7106-1066-1.
• Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1965–66. London:Sampson Low, Marston & Company, 1965.
• Wood, Dereck, Janes World Aircraft Recognition Handbook, Jane's Publishing Company, London, 1982

External links

• Manufacturer's web site
• List of all Fletchers produced, with brief histories
• Fletcher page at Kiwi Aircraft images