Arytenoid cartilage

Arytenoid cartilage
The cartilages of the larynx. Posterior view.
Latin	cartilagines arytenoidea
Gray's	subject #236 1075
Precursor	4th and 6th branchial arch
MeSH	Arytenoid+Cartilage

The arytenoid^[1] cartilages are a pair of small three-sided pyramids which form part of the larynx, to which the vocal folds (vocal cords) are attached. These allow and aid in the vocal cords' movement.

Each is pyramidal in form, and has three surfaces, a base, and an apex.

Surfaces

The posterior surface is a triangular, smooth, concave, and gives attachment to the Arytænoidei obliquus and transversus.

The antero-lateral surface is somewhat convex and rough. On it, near the apex of the cartilage, is a rounded elevation (colliculus) from which a ridge (crista arcuata) curves at first backward and then downward and forward to the vocal process. The lower part of this crest intervenes between two depressions or foveæ, an upper, triangular, and a lower oblong in shape; the latter gives attachment to the Vocalis muscle.

The medial surface is narrow, smooth, and flattened, covered by mucous membrane, and forms the lateral boundary of the intercartilaginous part of the rima glottidis.

Base and apex

The base of each cartilage is broad, and on it is a concave smooth surface, for articulation with the cricoid cartilage.

• Its lateral angle is called the muscular process

• Its anterior angle is called the vocal process

The apex of each cartilage is pointed, curved backward and medialward, and surmounted by a small conical, cartilaginous nodule, the corniculate cartilage.

Function

They allow the vocal folds to be tensed, relaxed, or approximated.

The arytenoids articulate with the supero-lateral parts of the cricoid cartilage lamina, forming the cricoarytenoid joints at which they can come together, move apart, tilt anteriorly or posteriorly, and rotate.

Additional images

• 

  Sagittal section of the larynx and upper part of the trachea.

• 

  The entrance to the larynx, viewed from behind.

• 

  Muscles of the larynx, seen from above.

Notes

1. ^ From Ancient Greek: ἀρύταινα, arytaina, "ladle."

External links

• Arytenoid+cartilage at eMedicine Dictionary

This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained within it may be outdated.