Meridian City Hall

Municipal Building
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Mississippi Landmark
City Hall during restoration efforts in 2010
Location:	601 24th Ave, Meridian, Mississippi
Coordinates:	32°21′49″N 88°42′8″W / 32.36361°N 88.70222°W / 32.36361; -88.70222Coordinates: 32°21′49″N 88°42′8″W / 32.36361°N 88.70222°W / 32.36361; -88.70222
Area:	1 acre (0.40 ha)
Built:	1915
Architect:	P.J. Krouse; Hancock & McArthur
Architectural style:	Beaux Arts
Governing body:	Local
MPS:	Meridian MRA
NRHP Reference#:	79003399[1]
USMS #:	075-MER-0150-NR-ML
Significant dates
Added to NRHP:	December 18, 1979
Designated USMS:	May 6, 1988[2]

City Hall in Meridian, Mississippi in the United States is located at 601 24th Avenue. Originally designed by architect P.J. Krouse in 1915, the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979^[1] and as a Mississippi Landmark in 1988.^[2] Since September 13, 2006, the building has been undergoing a restoration to its original 1915 appearance, scheduled to be completed in September 2011. Temporary City Hall is located at 2412 7th Street.^[3]

History

Previous City Hall built in 1885

Before the current city hall was built in 1915, the city government operated out of a building built in 1885 and designed by Gustav Torgenson,^[4] the same architect that designed the Riley Center in 1889.^[5] Architects R.H. Hunt, C.L. Hutchisson, and P.J. Krouse competed for the chance to design the new city hall in March 1914. Krouse was chosen to design the building on April 15, 1914.^[4]

The building was originally built in the Beaux Arts style. There were no major alterations to the building until the 1950s, when modern conveniences were added. Air conditioning was added to the building, necessitating drop ceilings to make room for the ducts, which obscured the original plaster moulding in the interior. Wood panelling was added to create more offices out of the large chambers present in the original design, and mahogany windows were replaced with aluminum ones.^[6] Windows on the ground floor were filled with concrete during the 1950s as well.^[7] City governments, believing they were making improvements to the building, actually harmed it or diminished its historical value. Terracotta tiles were painted over, which trapped moisture inside the tiles and caused parts of the building to rot. Scagliola columns were painted blue, wood and marble floors were covered with linoleum, and the grand staircase was replaced with an elevator.^[8]

Restoration

City Hall in 2005

By 2003, some city workers had complained about faulty HVAC systems in the building. The city then hired consultants to repair the systems, but they found so many other problems with the building that the city decided to renovate the entire building.^[9] The city began planning the operation in 2005, and the first bonds to finance the renovation were sold in 2006. The renovation was split up into four phases: planning, selective demolition, exterior renovation, and interior renovation. The first phase took place in 2005 before construction began. Phase II began in 2006, Phase III began in 2007, and Phase IV began in 2009.^[6]

During Phase III, the terracotta tiles on the exterior were methodically replaced, cross and jack sunscreens were returned to their original black shade, and the fountain constructed on the front lawn in the 1950s was replaced.^[8] Thirty-two of the decorative column capitals were replaced, and a new parapet cap and flashing system was designed for the roof.^[10]

By March 2010, two of three fire stairs had been installed, and the elevator shaft had been moved to make way for a marble staircase.^[6] By January 2011, the building's scagliola columns had been restored, the decorative glazing on the floors had been finished, and progress was being made on the installation of the elevators.^[11]

The renovation was awarded the Masonry Construction Online Project of the Year Award for 2009.^[10]

Funding

The original estimate of the cost was $7-8 million, which would be paid for by a single general obligation bond of $10 million that was also supposed to fund the construction of a new fire station and several smaller projects. By 2010, that estimate had more than doubled to $17 million. One reason for the increase was unforeseen necessary repairs, such as iron supports that had rusted to less than half their original size and a damaged drainage system. The building's listing on the National Register of Historic Places also increased cost. The Mississippi Department of Archives and History (MDAH) required that anything salvageable from the original building must be repaired and reused rather than replaced. The terracotta tiles on the outside of the building, if not salvaged, were required to be replaced with exact replicas, and only two companies in the world could make them.^[6] In some cases, MDAH forced the city to spend more than they planned for historical accuracy. For example, the city had originally planned to install relatively cheap windows painted to look like the 1915 originals, but MDAH required the city to buy more expensive mahogany.^[9]

Each phase of construction is financed individually, but the original $10 million bond in 2006 was enough to cover the first three phases of construction.^[9] For Phase IV, the city received a block grant from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act totaling $182,400 for the installation of energy efficient equipment in the building.^[9][12] The remaining cost will be covered by additional bonds.^[9]

Delays

The unforeseen structural problems and the strictness of MDAH not only increased the cost of the project, but they also continued to push back the estimated date of completion. When the renovation began in 2006, it was expected to take only two years. Phase III took longer than expected because of the historical standards imposed by MDAH. Since only two companies in the world could make the terracotta tiles for the exterior of the building, there was a long wait for them.^[6] On top of that, it also took a long time to place them on the walls because they each had a specific place and none were standardized.^[6] Though Phase III began in 2007, the installation of the tiles didn't begin until January 2009.^[13] By February, 400 of the 1,643 tiles had been replaced.^[14] Because of this wait, the completion date was moved back to Spring 2010.^[13] By March 2010, the scheduled completion date was February 2011.^[15]

Another hiccup in the renovation process was a lawsuit filed by Evergreene Architectural Arts, one of the project's subcontractors, against Panola Construction, the general contractor, and B.B. Archer, the architect. Evergreene claimed that negligent and incompetent actions had led to cost increases and scheduling delays for both Evergreene and the city.^[16] Archer characterized Evergreene's work as "shoddy" and "falling apart."^[11] Evergreene, who was in charge of producing a decorative plaster for the building's interior, was later fired, causing further delays as the contractor searched for a replacement.^[17] As a result of this controversy, the scheduled completion date was pushed back to May 23, 2011.^[11] As that deadline approached, the deadline was pushed back to September 1, 2011. Cheri Barry, the city's mayor, said that the building renovations and furnishings would be complete by that time so that the building could be occupied again, but the landscaping would not yet be complete. Landscaping was scheduled to begin sometime between fall 2011 and spring 2012.^[18]

After restoration

When complete, the building will match the original architectural drawings as much as possible while still conforming to modern building codes. The panelling used to create small offices will be removed, and the rooms will be in the same places they were in 1915.^[6] All vinyl and plastic will be removed from the interior and replaced with historic materials like wood, marble, plaster, and glass. A set of fire stairs on all three floors will be added, and the elevator will be in a different location to make way for a restored grand staircase of marble.^[8] Other interior changes include replacing the aluminum windows added in the 1950s with mahogany replicas of the originals, removing vinyl flooring to expose the original oak and marble beneath, and replacing aluminum doors and unsightly fluorescent lights.^[7]

The renovated building will also be more energy efficient. Automatic lighting controls, insulated glass, efficient HVAC systems, and shades that automatically lower to keep out sunlight at specific times of day will be added.^[7] The HVAC system will be housed in a mechanical building across the street.^[6]

The first floor of the building will house the Human Resources department, the Information Technology department, and a conference room. The second floor will be the main entrance of the building and will be home to the mayor's office and the Finance and Records department. The third floor originally housed an auditorium with a large stage and the Community Development department. The auditorium will be rebuilt, though smaller in size than the original, and will serve as a public space available to be rented for receptions and as the city council chambers. A kitchen for event catering will be constructed beside the auditorium, and the floor will also contain office space and a conference room.^[8]

References

1. ^ ^{a b} "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2009-03-13. http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natreg/docs/All_Data.html. 
2. ^ ^{a b} "Mississippi Landmarks". Mississippi Department of Archives and History. May 2008. http://mdah.state.ms.us/hpres/MSLandmarks.pdf. Retrieved 2010-07-13. 
3. ^ "City Hall Relocation". Official website of Meridian, MeridianMS.org. http://www.meridianms.org/cityhallrelocation.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-08. 
4. ^ ^{a b} W. White (May 27, 2010). "An Alabama–Mississippi Architectural Partnership". Preservation in Mississippi. http://misspreservation.com/2010/05/27/an-alabama-mississippi-architectural-partnership/. Retrieved 2010-07-04. 
5. ^ "Grand Opera House Project". City of Meridian. http://www.meridianms.org/2000project.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-04. 
6. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h} Jennifer Jacob Brown (March 21, 2010). "City Hall Renovations: The Making of a Modern Relic". The Meridian Star. http://meridianstar.com/local/x1112100877/City-Hall-renovations-The-making-of-a-modern-relic. Retrieved 2010-07-04. 
7. ^ ^{a b c} Jennifer Jacob (June 18, 2008). "Council Updated on City Hall". The Meridian Star. http://meridianstar.com/local/x681111783/Council-updated-on-City-Hall-reconstruction. Retrieved 2010-07-04. 
8. ^ ^{a b c d} Jennifer Jacob (June 24, 2008). "Rebuilding a Legacy: Inside the Renovation of City Hall". The Meridian Star. http://meridianstar.com/local/x681112481/Rebuilding-a-legacy-inside-the-renovation-of-City-Hall. Retrieved 2010-07-04. 
9. ^ ^{a b c d e} Jennifer Jacob Brown (March 7, 2009). "The Costs and Complications of City Hall Reconstruction". http://meridianstar.com/local/x681152656/The-costs-and-complications-of-City-Hall-reconstruction. Retrieved 2010-07-04. 
10. ^ ^{a b} "Projects of the Year". Masonry Construction Online. 2009. http://www.ascribehq.com/masonry-construction-poy/awards/historic-restoration/nov2009/P4104. Retrieved 2010-07-04. 
11. ^ ^{a b c} Jennifer Jacob Brown (January 19, 2011). "New 'drop dead' date for City Hall reopening". The Meridian Star. http://meridianstar.com/local/x530794746/New-drop-dead-date-for-City-Hall-reopening. Retrieved 2011-04-03. 
12. ^ "Recipient Project Summary". Recovery.gov. September 18, 2009. http://www.recovery.gov/Transparency/RecipientReportedData/Pages/RecipientProjectSummary.aspx?AwardIDSUR=43597&PopId=218692. Retrieved 2010-07-04. 
13. ^ ^{a b} "New Progress on City Hall". The Meridian Star. January 7, 2009. http://meridianstar.com/local/x681146586/New-progress-on-City-Hall. Retrieved 2010-07-04. 
14. ^ Jennifer Jacob Brown (February 18, 2009). "City Hall Update". The Meridian Star. http://meridianstar.com/local/x681150768/City-Hall-update. Retrieved 2010-07-04. 
15. ^ Jennifer Jacob Brown (March 17, 2010). "Last Phase of City Hall Renovations on Schedule". The Meridian Star. http://meridianstar.com/local/x1029325627/Last-phase-of-City-Hall-renovations-on-schedule. Retrieved 2010-07-04. 
16. ^ Jennifer Jacob Brown (September 12, 2010). "City Hall renovations on schedule, but tricky work sparks lawsuit". The Meridian Star. http://meridianstar.com/local/x187427657/City-Hall-renovations. Retrieved 2010-12-12. 
17. ^ Jennifer Jacob Brown (November 3, 2010). "City Hall renovations could be delayed". The Meridian Star. http://meridianstar.com/local/x652352389/City-Hall-renovations-could-be-delayed. Retrieved 2010-12-12. 
18. ^ Jennifer Jacob Brown (May 18, 2011). "City Hall project delayed again". The Meridian Star. http://meridianstar.com/local/x1376631779/City-Hall-project-delayed-again. Retrieved 2011-05-27.