City of federal subject significance

City of federal subject significance is an umbrella term used to refer to a type of an administrative division of a federal subject of Russia which is equal in status to a district but is organized around a large city; occasionally with surrounding rural territories.

According to the 1993 Constitution of Russia, the administrative-territorial structure of the federal subjects is not identified as the responsibility of the federal government or as the joint responsibility of the federal government and the federal subjects.^[1] This state of the matters is traditionally interpreted by the governments of the federal subjects as a sign that the matters of the administrative-territorial divisions are the sole responsibility of the federal subjects themselves.^[1] As a result, the modern administrative-territorial structures of the federal subjects vary significantly from one federal subject to another; that includes the manner in which the cities of federal subject significance are organized and the choice of a term to refer to such entities. In the federal subjects which have closed administrative-territorial formations, those are often given a similar status. Occasionally, this status is also given to the areas organized around the inhabited localities which are not cities, but smaller urban-type settlements.

As of 2011, the following types of such entities are recognized:

in the republics

• Administrative-territorial formation with special status (административно-территориальное образование с особым статусом): in the Republic of Kalmykia
• City (город): in the Republics of Dagestan, Kalmykia, and Khakassia.
• City of republic significance (город республиканского значения: in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Republic of Buryatia, Chechen Republic, Chuvash Republic, Republic of Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Republic of Karelia, Komi Republic, Mari El Republic, Republic of Mordovia, Republic of Tatarstan, and Udmurt Republic.
• City under republic jurisdiction (город республиканского подчинения): in the Sakha Republic and the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania.
• City under republic jurisdiction (urban okrug) (город республиканского подчинения (городской округ)): in the Tuva Republic.
• Closed administrative-territorial formation (закрытое административно-территориальное образование): in the Republic of Bashkortostan.
• Republican urban okrug (республиканский городской округ): in the Republic of Adygea.
• Urban okrug (городской округ): in the Altai Republic.

in the krais

• City (город): in Krasnodar Krai.
• City of krai significance (город краевого значения): in Altai, Khabarovsk, Perm, and Stavropol Krais.
• City under krai jurisdiction (город краевого подчинения): in Kamchatka and Primorsky Krais.
• Closed administrative-territorial formation (закрытое административно-территориальное образование): in Altai, Krasnoyarsk, and Perm Krais.
• Krai city (краевой город): in Krasnoyarsk Krai.

in the oblasts

• City (город): in Chelyabinsk, Irkutsk, Ivanovo, Kaluga, Kirov, Murmansk, Novosibirsk, Orenburg, Pskov, Sverdlovsk, Tver, Tyumen, and Vladimir Oblasts.
• City of oblast significance (город областного значения): in Arkhangelsk, Astrakhan, Belgorod, Bryansk, Kaliningrad, Kostroma, Kursk, Magadan, Nizhny Novgorod, Novgorod, Omsk, Oryol, Penza, Ryazan, Sakhalin, Samara, Saratov, Tambov, Ulyanovsk, Volgograd, Vologda, and Yaroslavl Oblasts.
• City under oblast jurisdiction (город областного подчинения): in Kemerovo, Kurgan, Lipetsk, Moscow, Tomsk, and Tula Oblasts.
• City with the jurisdictional territory (город с подведомственной территорией): in Murmansk Oblast.
• Closed administrative-territorial formation (закрытое административно-территориальное образование): in Astrakhan, Kirov, Moscow, Murmansk, Orenburg, Saratov, Sverdlovsk, Tver, and Vladimir Oblasts.
• Municipal formation with urban okrug status (муниципальное образование со статусом городского округа): in Leningrad Oblast.
• Urban-type settlement of oblast significance (посёлок городского типа областного значения): in Chelyabinsk and Kaliningrad Oblasts.
• Urban-type settlement under oblast jurisdiction (посёлок городского типа областного подчинения): in Kemerovo Oblast.
• Urban okrug (городской округ): in Amur, Rostov, Smolensk, and Voronezh Oblast.

in the autonomous okrugs

• City of okrug significance (город окружного значения): in Chukotka, Khanty-Mansi, Nenets, and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs.

in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast

• City of oblast significance (город областного значения).

References

1. ^ ^{a b} "Энциклопедический словарь конституционного права". Статья "Административно-территориальное устройство". Сост. А. А. Избранов. — Мн.: Изд. В.М. Суров, 2001.