Van Tuong Nguyen

For the 19th century Vietnamese politician, see Nguyen Van Tuong.

Van Tuong Nguyen
Van Tuong Nguyen's mugshot
Born	17 August 1980(1980-08-17) Songkhla, Thailand
Died	2 December 2005(2005-12-02) (aged 25) Changi Prison, Singapore
Charge(s)	Drug trafficking
Penalty	Death penalty

Van Tuong Nguyen (Vietnamese: Nguyễn Tường Vân,  listen; 17 August 1980 – 2 December 2005) baptised Caleb,^[1] was an Australian from Melbourne, Victoria convicted of drug trafficking in Singapore. A Vietnamese Australian, he was also addressed as Nguyen Tuong Van in the Singaporean media, his name in Vietnamese custom.

Drug trafficking carries a mandatory death sentence under Singapore's Misuse of Drugs Act, and despite pleas for clemency from the Australian government, Amnesty International, the Holy See, as well as other individuals and groups, he was executed by hanging at 6:07 am SST on 2 December 2005 at Changi Prison (22:07 UTC, 1 December).

Biography

Nguyen and his twin brother, Dang Khoa Nguyen, were born in a refugee camp at Songkhla in Thailand to Vietnamese parents. He did not know his father until 2001 when he travelled from the United States to Australia. His mother, Kim, is Vietnamese and migrated, like boat people, to Australia shortly after the boys' birth. She married a Vietnamese Australian in 1987, who beat them often, according to Nguyen. His education was at St Joseph's Primary School in Springvale and Mount Waverley Secondary College.

After leaving school at 18, he intended to study at Deakin University, but financial difficulties led him to work as a store clerk, door-to-door salesman, computer sales and research marketing. He started his own computer sales business in 1999. After his brother Khoa got into legal trouble, Nguyen wound up the business. He then found a sales, research and marketing job and earned between A$1500 to A$2500 a month (depending on how much commission he received). He subsequently took a long leave between June and December 2002. In his confession, he stated he was on "medication for acne that required 4 months leave".^[2]

Drug trafficking

Throughout his trial, Nguyen claimed that he was carrying the drugs in a bid to pay off debts amounting to approximately A$20,000 to A$25,000 that he owed and to repay legal fees his twin brother Khoa (a former heroin addict) had incurred in defending drug-trafficking and other criminal charges including an attack on a Pacific Islander youth with a samurai sword.^[3] In addition to his own financial troubles, Nguyen said he tried to help pay his twin brother's debt of A$12,000. His twin brother's loan had to be repaid by the end of the 2002. Nguyen could afford to repay only A$4000, the interest on the loan.

By October 2002, Nguyen had been out of a job for four months and sustaining expenses which included interest on the loan and personal living costs, all totaling A$580 a month. In November 2002, Nguyen contacted a Chinese man named "Tan", who told him to travel to Sydney to meet a Vietnamese man named "Sun". Sun proposed that he would repay Nguyen's loans if Nguyen transported packages from Cambodia back to Melbourne and possibly Sydney, via Singapore. The man said the packages contained "white", which Nguyen understood to be heroin.

It was Nguyen's first trip overseas from Australia since his immigration. He reached Phnom Penh at midday on 3 December 2002 after leaving Sydney in the evening of the previous day. He met with a Cambodian man at the Lucky Burger restaurant on 4 December and was taken by car to a garage where he was told to smoke some heroin.^{[citation needed]} The following day, Nguyen met his associates at the Lucky Burger and was again taken to the garage. Nguyen was instructed to stay in Phnom Penh until 10 December, at which point he was to meet at the Lucky Burger.

On 8 December, he decided to fly to Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, missed the scheduled meeting on 10 December after arriving back late from Ho Chi Minh City. On 11 December he was taken to the garage, where he was then instructed on how to crush heroin bricks and to strap the powdered drug packages to his body. The rest of the day was spent crushing and packaging the drugs in his hotel room. He checked out of the hotel the next day and went to the airport.

Arrest and conviction

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On boarding his flight to Melbourne after a four hour stopover at Singapore Changi Airport, he triggered a metal detector. A package of heroin from Cambodia was found strapped to his body. After the first package was discovered, Nguyen informed the airport official about a second package in his luggage.

Nguyen confessed to have in his possession 396.2 g of heroin, more than 26 times the amount of heroin that mandates a death sentence under the Misuse of Drugs Act (Illegal traffic, import or export of Heroin of more than 15 grams). The Singaporean High Court sentenced Nguyen to death for this crime on 20 March 2004. After he was convicted, Nguyen was held on death row in Changi Prison.

An appeal to the Court of Appeal was rejected on 20 October 2004. Nguyen's family received a registered letter from the Singapore Prisons Department, notifying of his scheduled hanging on 2 December 2005.^{[citation needed]} On the same day at the APEC Summit in South Korea, Australian Prime Minister John Howard made a last appeal on Nguyen's behalf to the Singaporean Prime Minister, Lee Hsien Loong. However, the letter of notice by that time had already been delivered to Nguyen's mother.

Howard later said he was "very disappointed" that Lee did not inform him of Nguyen's execution date during their meeting that morning.^{[4] [5]} Singapore Foreign Affairs Minister George Yeo also conveyed his apologies to his counterpart Alexander Downer.^[6] Nguyen's lawyers arrived in Singapore on 18 November 2005 to inform their client of his impending execution date.

A survey by Morgan Poll released on 30 November 2005 showed 47% of Australians believed Nguyen should be executed, 46% said the death penalty should not be carried out, and 7% were undecided.^{[7][dead link]}

On 2 December 2005 Nguyen was executed at 6:07 am SGT and was officially reported as dead at 7:17 am SGT by the Ministry of Home Affairs. In a short statement, the Ministry said, "The sentence was carried out this morning at Changi Prison."

Pleas for clemency

A plea for clemency by the Australian Government was rejected in October 2005.^[8] Members of Federal and state parliaments appealed for the decision to be reconsidered and clemency to be granted. His hanging was the first execution of an Australian in Southeast Asia since 1993, when Michael McAuliffe was hanged in Malaysia for drug trafficking.

On 21 November 2005, the Australian Government was considering a request made by Nguyen Tuong Van's lawyers to apply for a hearing at the International Court of Justice which required the Singaporean government's agreement to its jurisdiction. However, Foreign Minister Downer considered it unlikely that the Singaporean government would agree.^[9] On 24 November 2005, Victorian Attorney General Rob Hulls met with Singapore's Senior Minister of State for Law and Home Affairs Ho Peng Kee to press the case for clemency but was unsuccessful.^[10] On 28 November 2005 Australia's Human Rights Commissioner, Sev Ozdowski, said Australia must keep pressuring Singapore to abandon the death penalty, even if it proves too late for Nguyen.^[11]

After his sentencing in March 2004, the Australian Coalition Against Death Penalty (ACADP) was reported to be inundated with emails from Australians offering support for Van Tuong Nguyen.^{[12] [13]} Politicians^[14] and religious figures made pleas for clemency, but these were rejected by the Singaporean government.^[15]

One day before Nguyen was hanged, a lawyer launched a last-ditch legal tactic, charging Nguyen with drug related offences in the Melbourne Magistrates' Court, which he hoped would allow the Australian Federal Government to extradite Nguyen. However, Justice Minister Chris Ellison ruled out extradition, saying that the Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions would not have attempted to prosecute Nguyen in Australia.^{[citation needed]}

Criticism

The Australian Government was criticised by the media, human rights lawyers and human rights activists for doing too little, too late and for not taking a stronger stance against the death penalty.^[16][17] Amnesty International was criticized by Howard Glenn and Greg Barns for refusing to work with other human rights groups with various campaigns to save Nguyen, but rather asking the public to donate money to Amnesty International.^[18]

Media coverage and public opinion

Channel Seven program Sunrise had reporter Chris Reason reporting from outside the jail, and Melbourne reporter Nick Etchells reporting from a church in Richmond at the time Nguyen was due to be hanged. Channel Seven also had Adrian Brown report minute by minute, and, at around 6:10 am SGT, he reported: "Well, it's just about 6:10 now, so it's fair to assume that Van Nguyen is now dead" and had been covering all the news throughout the previous fortnight.^{[citation needed]}

ABC broadcast a documentary: Just Punishment on 7 December 2006. This documentary was filmed over a period of two years. Following Nguyen's mother(Kim), his brother and his two close friends, through the appeals, and campaigns held (in Australia) before the execution day.^[19] It was rebroadcast on the night of 8 December 2008, also on the ABC.

An opinion poll conducted by Roy Morgan Research two days after Nguyen's execution showed 52% of Australians approved of it, compared with 44% against.^[20]

Singaporean response

As a transportation hub, Singapore has always been a potential transit point for Golden Triangle heroin.^[21] In a letter to David Hawker, the Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives, Abdullah Tarmugi, the Speaker of the Parliament of Singapore, wrote: "He was caught in possession of almost 400 grams of pure heroin, enough for more than 26,000 doses of heroin for drug addicts.... He knew what he was doing and the consequences of his actions. As representatives of the people, we have an obligation to protect the lives of those who could be ruined by the drugs he was carrying."

"We cannot allow Singapore to be used as a transit for illicit drugs in the region," Tarmugi wrote to Australian MPs. "We know this is a painful and difficult decision for Mr Nguyen's family to accept, but we hope you and your colleagues will understand our position."^[22]

In an opinion piece in the Sydney Morning Herald, Singapore's High Commissioner in Australia, Joseph Koh, argued that "Singapore cannot afford to pull back from its tough drug trafficking position".^[23]

Vigils

A group of human rights activists held a vigil for Nguyen in Singapore on 7 November 2005. Among those present was opposition politician Chee Soon Juan, leader of the Singapore Democratic Party, who is an opponent of the mandatory death penalty.^{[citation needed]}

A request was made by Liberal MP Bruce Baird for an official minute's silence to honour Nguyen.^[24] Representatives of the Returned and Services League objected, stating such tributes should be reserved for fallen soldiers or victims of natural disasters; other groups felt it was inappropriate to "honour" a convicted trafficker of drugs which killed hundreds each year. A motion to hold a minute's silence passed in the Queensland Legislative Assembly 49-18 after an hour's debate.^[25] MPs who voted against the move walked out before the observance. ^{[26][dead link]}

Execution and funeral

A minor controversy occurred when Singapore's contract hangman, Darshan Singh, gave an interview to an Australian newspaper prior to the execution in which he said he hoped to be called on to perform the execution and that his experience would ensure Nguyen would be hanged "efficiently".^[27] The result was disapprobation in both Australia and Singapore.^[28][29] Nguyen was hanged by another executioner.^[30]

After the execution, Nguyen's body was released to his family and it left Changi Prison about four hours after he was hanged. Nguyen's body was taken to the Marymount Chapel of the Good Shepherd's Convent in Singapore for a private memorial service at 1 pm. The family requested for the media to stay away from the chapel. His family returned to Melbourne with his body on 4 December 2005.^[31] A requiem mass was held at St. Patrick's Cathedral on 7 December 2005.^[32] Victorian MPs Geoff Hilton, Bruce Mildenhall, Sang Minh Nguyen and Richard Wynne attended the service and were criticised by the Crime Victims Support Association, who said it appeared to give support to a convicted drug trafficker. Premier of Victoria, Steve Bracks did not oppose the other MPs attending.^{[citation needed]}

Political consequences

John Howard's warning against illicit drugs

Australian Prime Minister John Howard used the execution of Nguyen as a warning to young people to stay away from drugs. He told Melbourne radio station 3AW:

I don't believe in capital punishment, he was a convicted drug trafficker and that is to be wholly condemned ... don't have anything to do with drugs. Don't use them, don't touch them, don't carry them, don't traffic in them and don't imagine for a moment—for a moment—that you can risk carrying drugs anywhere in Asia without suffering the most severe consequences.^[33]

Federal Health Minister Tony Abbott also said that the Singapore government's decision to go ahead with the execution was wrong and that the punishment "certainly did not fit the crime.... But people do need to understand that drug trafficking is a very serious offence and it has heavy penalties in Australia and it has even more drastic penalties overseas as we have been reminded today."^[33]

Australia–Singapore relations

While it was reported that some minor ties have been broken (including airport workers to process Singapore Airlines luggage), John Howard, the Australian Prime Minister, said that the country would not be taking any punitive action against Singapore.^[34]

On 23 February 2006, the Australian government rejected a bid by Singapore Airlines for permission to fly a permanent route between Sydney and the United States. This drew strong criticism from the government of Singapore. Peter Costello, the Australian treasurer, denied that the refusal was linked to Nguyen's hanging.^[35]

See also

• Australian Van Nguyen executed in Singapore
• Bali Nine
• Capital punishment for drug trafficking
• Barlow and Chambers execution
• Capital punishment in Singapore
• Schapelle Corby
• Michael P. Fay
• Flor Contemplacion
• Illegal drug trade
• Michelle Leslie
• List of Australians in international prisons
• Prohibition (drugs)
• Iwuchukwu Amara Tochi

References

1. ^ "Loving son's letters from death row". The Age (Melbourne). 27 November 2005. http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2005/11/26/1132966006680.html. Retrieved 26 July 2006. 
2. ^ "Public Prosecutor vs Nguyen Tuong Van". http://www.mrnguyen.com/weblog/data/nguyen_tuong_van.txt. Retrieved 1 July 2007. 
3. ^ "Khoa's samurai assault". The Australian. 3 December 2005. http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,17443537-2702,00.html. 
4. ^ "Singapore sets Nguyen execution date". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 17 November 2005. http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200511/s1509080.htm. 
5. ^ Asha Popatlal (18 November 2005). "Convicted Aussie drug trafficker Nguyen to hang on 2 December". Channel NewsAsia. Archived from the original on 24 November 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20051124033940/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/179180/1/.html. Retrieved 24 July 2011. 
6. ^ "Foreign Minister George Yeo's Letters to Australian Foreign Minister Alexander Downer and Shadow Foreign Minister Kevin Rudd on the Nguyen Tuong Van Case" (Press release). Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 4 November 2005. http://app.mfa.gov.sg/internet/press/view_press.asp?post_id=1495. Retrieved 26 July 2006. 
7. ^ "Poll shows 'hate for drug pushers'". Australian Associated Press. 1 December 2005. http://www.heraldsun.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5478,17424360%255E1702,00.html. ^{[dead link]}
8. ^ "Melbourne man to be hanged". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 22 October 2005. http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200510/s1487963.htm. 
9. ^ "Little hope of court intervention in Nguyen case: Downer". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 21 November 2005. http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200511/s1511278.htm. 
10. ^ "Hulls comes away empty-handed". The Age (Melbourne). 24 November 2005. http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/singapore-will-hang-nguyen-warns-pm/2005/11/24/1132703280730.html. 
11. ^ "Nguyen's mum requests last hug before execution". ABC News. 28 November 2005. http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200511/s1518488.htm. Retrieved 26 July 2006. 
12. ^ "Hundreds offer help for condemned Australian". AAP. 23 March 2004. http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/03/23/1079939630747.html. Retrieved 26 July 2006. 
13. ^ "Fight to save condemned man gathers support". Melbourne: AAP. 24 March 2004. http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/03/23/1079939645448.html. Retrieved 26 July 2006. 
14. ^ "Airline row link to Nguyen". The Age (Melbourne). 24 November 2005. http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2005/11/23/1132703253004.html. Retrieved 26 July 2006. 
15. ^ "Bishops' plea to save life". The Catholic Leader. 4 December 2005. http://www.catholicleader.com.au/index.php?search=2729. Retrieved 26 July 2006. ^{[dead link]}
16. ^ "How Australia failed Nguyen Tuong Van". The Sydney Morning Herald. 1 December 2005. http://www.smh.com.au/news/editorial/how-australia-failed-nguyen-tuong-van/2005/11/30/1133311102197.html. Retrieved 28 June 2009. 
17. ^ "DPP rejects last ditch legal attempt to save Nguyen" (Press release). New South Wales Council for Civil Liberties. 30 November 2005. http://www.nswccl.org.au/news/show_pr.php?relNum=12&relYear=2005. Retrieved 30 June 2009. 
18. ^ "Amnesty failed Nguyen Tuong Van". 16 December 2005. http://www.onlineopinion.com.au/view.asp?article=3966&page=0. Retrieved 28 June 2009. 
19. ^ "ABC TV Guide". http://www.abc.net.au/tv/guide/netw/200612/programs/ZY8535A001D7122006T212000.htm. Retrieved 1 July 2007. 
20. ^ Majority of Australians Now Believe Van Nguyen Should Have Been Hanged
21. ^ "Field Listing – Illicit drugs". CIA. 20 July 2006. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2086.html. Retrieved 26 July 2006. 
22. ^ "Australia 'can do more' for Nguyen". Australian Associated Press. 24 November 2005. http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,17344637-2,00.html. ^{[dead link]}
23. ^ "Separating fact from fiction, despite a deep sense of human compassion". Sydney Morning Herald. 30 November 2005. http://www.smh.com.au/news/opinion/separating-fact-from-fiction-despite-a-deep-sense-of-humancompassion/2005/11/29/1133026464700.html. 
24. ^ "Veterans' Affairs Minister hits out at calls for minute's silence for convicted trafficker". ABC North Queensland. 30 November 2005. Archived from the original on 2 November 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071102172209/http://www.abc.net.au/northqld/stories/s1519967.htm. Retrieved 26 July 2006. 
25. ^ Queensland Legislative Assembly (2 December 2005). "Weekly Hansard" (PDF). http://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/view/legislativeAssembly/hansard/documents/2005.pdf/2005_12_02_WEEKLY.pdf. Retrieved 7 November 2006. 
26. ^ "Police outrage over Nguyen tribute". News Limited. 5 December 2005. http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,17468606%255E1702,00.html. ^{[dead link]}
27. ^ "Executioner hopes to be called in for Nguyen hanging". Reuters. 29 November 2005. http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200511/s1518962.htm. 
28. ^ "Singapore executioner 'sacked'". BBC News Online. 28 November 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4477012.stm. 
29. ^ "Hangman ignites outrage". Melbourne: Reuters. 30 November 2005. http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/hangman-ignites-outrage/2005/11/29/1133026468284.html. 
30. ^ Darshan didn't do it, The Age, 3 December 2005
31. ^ "Mother brings home her lost son". Melbourne: Australian Associated Press. 4 December 2005. http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/mother-brings-home-her-lost-son/2005/12/04/1133631133288.html. 
32. ^ "Nguyen mourners warned against vengeance". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 7 December 2005. http://abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200512/s1525581.htm. 
33. ^ ^{a b} "Downer lashes out at lawyer". Melbourne: AAP. 3 December 2005. http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2005/12/02/1133422078900.html. Retrieved 26 July 2006. 
34. ^ "Singaporean Execution Condemned". Worldpress.org. 4 December 2005. http://worldpress.org/Asia/2188.cfm. Retrieved 26 July 2006. 
35. ^ "Singapore angry at air route denial". The Age (Melbourne). 22 February 2006. http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/singapore-angry-at-air-route-denial/2006/02/22/1140563859784.html. 

Persondata
Name	Nguyen, Van Tuong
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	17 August 1980
Place of birth	Songkhla, Thailand
Date of death	2 December 2005
Place of death	Changi Prison, Singapore