Conservative liberalism

Conservative liberalism
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Conservative liberalism[1][2] is a variant of liberalism, combining liberal values and policies with conservative stances, or, more simply, representing the right-wing of the liberal movement.[3][4][5]

Conservative liberal parties combine liberal policies with more traditional stances on social and ethical issues.[2] They are generally supporters of economic liberalism and they often identify themselves as law and order-parties, which are tougher on crime and support higher levels of punishment and are more committed to fighting terrorism.[citation needed] Conservative liberals differ from social liberals because they place less emphasis on ethical issues and are often in favour of stricter control of illegal immigration and are usually less tolerant of multiculturalism.[citation needed]

Until the two World Wars, in most European countries the political class was formed by conservative liberals, from Germany to Italy. The events such as World War I occurring after 1917 brought the more radical version of classical liberalism to a more conservative (i.e. more moderate) type of liberalism.[6]

In Europe one should not confuse conservative liberalism with liberal conservatism[7], which is a variant of conservatism combining conservatives views with liberal policies in regard of the economy, social and ethical issues.[2]

Contents

Historical development

The roots of conservative liberalism are to be found at the beginning of the history of liberalism: until the World Wars, in most European countries the political class was formed by conservative liberals, from Germany to Italy.

Conservative liberalism is a more positive and less radical version of classical liberalism.[8] The events such as World War I occurring after 1917 brought the more radical version of classical liberalism to a more conservative, or more moderate, type of liberalism.[9]

Conservative liberal parties have tended to develop in those European countries where there was no strong secular conservative party and where the separation of church and state was less of an issue. In those countries, where the conservative parties were christian-democratic, this conservative brand of liberalism developed.[1][3]

Conservative-liberal parties worldwide

Current conservative-liberal parties

Parties with conservative-liberal factions

Historical conservative-liberal parties or parties with conservative-liberal factions

References

  1. ^ a b c http://www.wikipolitique.fr/Libéralisme_conservateur
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t http://www.parties-and-elections.de/content.html
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l M. Gallagher, M. Laver and P. Mair, Representative Government in Europe, p. 221.
  4. ^ (French) Ipolitique.fr
  5. ^ Parties-and-elections.de
  6. ^ Allen R.T., Beyond Liberalism, p. 13.
  7. ^ Peter Augustine Lawler, Liberal Conservatism, Not Conservative Liberalism
  8. ^ R.T. Allen, Beyond Liberalism, p. 2.
  9. ^ R.T. Allen, Beyond Liberalism, p. 13.
  10. ^ NSD, European Election Database
  11. ^ European Forum for Democracy and Solidarity
  12. ^ Andeweg, R. and G. Irwin Politics and Governance in the Netherlands, Basingstoke (Palgrave) p.49
  13. ^ NSD, European Election Database
  14. ^ NSD - European Election Database

See also


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