Mylohyoid muscle

Mylohyoid muscle
Mylohyoid muscle
Mylohyoid muscle.PNG
Muscles of the neck. Anterior view. Mylohyoid muscle colored in bright red.
Gray1195.png
Front view of neck. (Mylohyoideus labeled at right, second from top.)
Latin musculus mylohyoideus
Gray's subject #112 393
Origin Mylohyoid line (mandible)
Insertion    body of hyoid bone and median raphe
Artery mylohyoid branch of inferior alveolar artery
Nerve mylohyoid nerve, from inferior alveolar branch of mandibular nerve [V3]
Actions Raises oral cavity floor, elevates hyoid, elevates tongue, depresses mandible

The mylohyoid muscle is a muscle running from the mandible to the hyoid bone, forming the floor of the oral cavity. It is named for its two attachments, with the prefix "mylo" coming from the Greek word for "molar".[1] These muscles are mesodermal in origin. The mylohyoid muscle is derived from the first pharyngeal arch.

Contents

Structure

The mylohyoid muscle is flat and triangular, and is situated immediately above the anterior belly of the digastric muscle. It forms, with its fellow of the opposite side, a muscular floor for the cavity of the mouth.

It arises from the whole length of the mylohyoid line of the mandible, extending from the symphysis in front to the last molar tooth behind. The posterior fibers pass inferomedially to insert into the body of the hyoid bone. It thus belongs to the suprahyoid muscles.

The middle and anterior fibers are inserted into a median fibrous raphé extending from the symphysis menti to the hyoid bone, where they joint at an angle with the fibers of the opposite muscle. This median raphé is sometimes absent; the fibers of the two muscles are then continuous.

Innervation

Along with the anterior belly of the digastric muscle, the mylohyoid muscle is innervated by the mylohyoid nerve, a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve, which is a branch of the mandibular nerve, a division of the trigeminal nerve.

Actions

The mylohyoid depresses the mandible and elevates the hyoid, the floor of the oral cavity, and the tongue. This is particularly important during swallowing and speaking.

Variations

It may be united to or replaced by the anterior belly of the digastric muscle; accessory slips to other hyoid muscles are frequent.

Additional images

References

External links

This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained within it may be outdated.


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  • mylohyoid muscle — n a flat triangular muscle on each side of the mouth that is located above the anterior belly of the digastric muscle, extends from the inner surface of the mandible to the hyoid bone, and with its mate on the opposite side forms the floor of the …   Medical dictionary

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  • mylohyoid line — n a ridge on the inner side of the bone of the lower jaw extending from the junction of the two halves of the bone in front to the last molar on each side and giving attachment to the mylohyoid muscle and to the superior constrictor of the… …   Medical dictionary

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  • Muscle — is the tissue of the body which primarily functions as a source of power. There are three types of muscle in the body. Muscle which is responsible for moving extremities and external areas of the body is called "skeletal muscle." Heart… …   Medical dictionary

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