Plan 9 from Outer Space

This article is about the 1959 film. For the video game of the same name, see Plan 9 from Outer Space (video game).

Plan 9 from Outer Space
Theatrical release poster design by Tom Jung
Directed by	Ed Wood
Produced by	J. Edward Reynolds Edward D. Wood Jr.
Written by	Edward D. Wood Jr.
Narrated by	Criswell
Starring	Gregory Walcott Mona McKinnon Tom Keene Tor Johnson Dudley Manlove Joanna Lee John Breckinridge Vampira Bela Lugosi
Music by	Frank Worth
Cinematography	William C. Thompson
Editing by	Edward D. Wood Jr.
Distributed by	Distributors Corporation of America (under Valiant Pictures)
Release date(s)	July 22, 1959
Running time	79 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	$60,000

Plan 9 from Outer Space (originally titled Grave Robbers from Outer Space) is a 1959 science fiction film written and directed by Edward D. Wood, Jr. The film features Gregory Walcott, Mona McKinnon, Tor Johnson and Maila "Vampira" Nurmi. The film bills Bela Lugosi posthumously as a star, although silent footage of the actor had been shot by Wood for other, unfinished projects just before Lugosi's death in 1956.

The plot of the film involves extraterrestrial beings who are seeking to stop humans from creating a doomsday weapon that would destroy the universe. In the course of doing so, the aliens implement "Plan 9", a scheme to resurrect Earth's dead as what modern audiences would consider zombies (called "ghouls" in the film itself) to get the planet's attention, causing chaos.

For years the film played on television in relative obscurity, until 1980, when authors Michael Medved and Harry Medved dubbed Plan 9 from Outer Space the "worst movie ever made". Wood was posthumously awarded the Medveds' Golden Turkey Award as the worst director ever.

Plot

A flying saucer is seen flying over the cemetery. The film is often criticised for the poor quality of its special effects

In San Fernando, California, two gravediggers are filling the grave of a deceased woman, the young wife of an old man (Bela Lugosi). Suddenly they hear a strange noise and decide to leave the cemetery. As they turn to leave, the resurrected corpse of the old man's wife (Vampira) attacks and kills them. Meanwhile, in the skies nearby, a pilot named Jeff Trent (Gregory Walcott) and his co-pilot Danny encounter a flying saucer.

Absorbed in his grief over his wife's death, the old man walks out of his house and into the path of an oncoming automobile, which is never seen due to the film's low budget. At his funeral two mourners discover the bodies of the gravediggers. Inspector Daniel Clay (Tor Johnson), along with several police officers, come to the cemetery to investigate. While searching the graveyard, Clay encounters the female zombie, who is now joined by the reanimated corpse of the old man (now played by Tom Mason). Clay is attacked and killed.

Jeff Trent is watching the cemetery with his wife, Paula (Mona McKinnon), and tells her about his flying saucer encounter, stating that the Army has sworn him to secrecy about what he saw. He suspects that whatever is happening in the cemetery is related to his encounter with the UFO. Suddenly a powerful wind knocks everyone to the ground, and a spaceship lands nearby.

In the weeks that follow, newspaper headlines report other flying saucer sightings. The military, under the command of Col. Thomas Edwards, Chief of Saucer Operations (Tom Keene), finally attacks the alien spaceships, which flee Earth. Edwards reveals that the government has been covering up the flying saucer visits to Earth, and wonders if the alien visits are connected to other disasters on Earth.

The aliens return to Space Station 7 for regeneration. Their commander, Eros (Dudley Manlove), informs their Ruler (John Breckenridge) that he has attempted, unsuccessfully, to contact the governments of Earth. He tells the Ruler that, to force the people of Earth to acknowledge his people's existence, he is implementing Plan 9, which involves resurrecting the recently dead by stimulating their pituitary and pineal glands. The three alien ships return to Earth.

Trent is about to leave home again for another flight. Concerned for Paula's safety, he urges her to stay with her mother while he's gone, but she insists on staying home. That night, the corpse of the old man (alternately played by both Lugosi and Mason) rises from his crypt and sneaks into their house. Joined by the corpse of his wife and the newly resurrected Daniel Clay, he chases Paula through the cemetery. Paula collapses and is found by a passing motorist, who drives away with her limp body. All three zombies return to Eros's ship, which lifts off.

Eros is nearly killed by the corpse of Inspector Clay.

At the Pentagon, Gen. Roberts (Lyle Talbot) informs Edwards that the government has been receiving messages from the aliens. Roberts plays the last message, which has been translated into English by a recently invented "language computer". The general sends Edwards to San Fernando, California, where most of the aliens' activities have occurred.

In California the police interview the Trents about their experiences with the aliens. Unbeknownst to them, the alien saucer has returned to the graveyard. While waiting by the police car, Officer Kelton encounters the old man. The old man chases the officer into the Trents' house, where they attempt to shoot him, with no effect. The nearby aliens strike the old man with a "decomposite ray", causing his body to decompose, leaving only his skeleton. Not knowing what to make of this, the Trents and the police decide to drive to the cemetery.

Pilot Jeff Trent confronts the aliens.

On board the ship, Eros and fellow alien Tanna (Joanna Lee) send Clay to kidnap Paula in order to lure the other three to their spaceship, which he does. Meanwhile, seeing a glow in the distance, the other three head toward the ship. Kelton stays with Paula, and is incapacitated by Clay. Upon awakening, he calls for help, and Officer Larry is sent to aid him.

Eros allows them to enter, and they board with their guns drawn. Once inside, Eros tells the humans that his people first came to Earth to talk and to ask for their aid, but the humans wouldn't listen to their messages. According to Eros, the humans will eventually discover solarbonite, a substance that has the effect of exploding "sunlight molecules", symbolising nuclear power. Eros explains that a solarbonite explosion would destroy everything the sunlight touches, causing a chain reaction that would eventually destroy the entire universe.

Outside the ship, Clay arrives with Paula. Eros threatens to have her killed if they try to force him to go with them. Officers Kelton and Larry arrive and spot Clay with Paula. They realize that their guns are useless, and decide to approach Clay from behind with a stick. Eros sees this, and shuts off the ray controlling Clay, allowing Paula to go free. A fight ensues between Eros and Jeff, during which a fire inexplicably starts. The humans leave the ship, and it takes off in flames. Eros and Tanna are trapped as the ship explodes in space. As a consequence of the explosion, Clay is traumatically skeletonized, as is, presumably, the female zombie.

Cast

Credited

• Gregory Walcott as Jeff Trent
• Mona McKinnon as Paula Trent
• Duke Moore as Lt. John Harper
• Tom Keene as Col. Tom Edwards (this was his final film)
• Carl Anthony as Patrolman Larry
• Paul Marco as Patrolman Kelton
• Tor Johnson as Insp. Dan Clay
• Dudley Manlove as Eros
• Joanna Lee as Tanna
• John Breckinridge as The Ruler
• Lyle Talbot as General Roberts
• David De Mering as Danny
• Norma McCarty as Edith
• Bill Ash as Captain
• Rev. Lynn Lemon as Minister at Insp. Clay's funeral
• Ben Frommer as Mourner
• Gloria Dea as Mourner
• Conrad Brooks as Patrolman Jamie
• Vampira as Vampire Girl
• Bela Lugosi as Old Man/Ghoul Man (via stock footage, since he died in 1956)
• Criswell as Himself / Narrator

Uncredited

• Donald A. Davis as Drunk
• Johnny Duncan
• Karl Johnson as Farmer Calder
• Tom Mason as Ghoul Man with Cape Over Face
• J. Edward Reynolds as Gravedigger (he was also the exec producer)
• Hugh Thomas Jr. as Gravedigger (he doubled as an associate producer)
• Edward D. Wood Jr. as Man Holding Newspaper

Bela Lugosi, in silent footage for the abandoned Tomb of the Vampire, which was later recycled for Plan 9.

Production

Shortly before Bela Lugosi's death in 1956, he had been working with Wood on numerous half-realized projects, variously titled Tomb of the Vampire or The Ghoul Goes West.^[1] Scenes unconnected to Plan 9, featuring Lugosi weeping at a funeral, walking in front of Tor Johnson's house at daytime, walking in and out of Johnson's side door at nighttime, and walking through a graveyard at daytime, had been shot. Only the first two sequences had reached any level of completion. When Lugosi died, Wood shelved these projects.^[1]

Shortly thereafter Wood developed the story and screenplay for Grave Robbers from Outer Space, planning to use the unconnected, unrelated footage of Lugosi to put a credit for him on the picture. Wood hired his wife's chiropractor, Tom Mason, as a stand-in for Lugosi, even though Mason was taller than Lugosi and bore no resemblance to him.^[1] Narration from Criswell was also employed in an attempt to better link Lugosi's footage with the rest of Plan 9.

Grave Robbers from Outer Space was shot in 1956, and finished the following year, when it had its preview in March at the Carlton Theatre in Los Angeles. It would be another year before DCA (Distributors Corp. of America) picked it up and copyrighted it, intending to distribute it during the spring of 1958, but the company folded and it was not released until July 1959 through Valiant Pictures, the receiver of DCA. By then the film had been retitled Plan 9 from Outer Space (one story is that the film's financiers, two local Baptist ministers, objected to the "Grave Robbers" part of the title, so Wood changed it to "Plan 9"). The original title is mentioned at the end of Criswell's opening narration when he asks the audience, "Can your heart stand the shocking facts about grave robbers from outer space?" Like many independent films of the period, Plan 9 was distributed under a states' rights basis. Not long after the picture was distributed through a television package.

Criswell's opening narration

Plan 9 From Outer Space gained notoriety through the Medveds' book because of its multiple continuity problems.^[2]

Critics say the absurdity of the film is found in the dialogue rather than on-screen action. Criswell's opening narration redundantly informs the viewer that "future events such as these will affect you in the future", while referring to viewers as "my friends" four times in the same minute.^[2] (In fairness, Criswell emphasized you in that sentence.) Criswell also begins the narration by referring to future events, only to later describe them in the past tense ("...the full story of what happened on that fateful day"), and inexplicably calling for "the guilty" to be punished. Other examples of misleading lines include when Jeff Trent describes the flying saucers to his wife as cigar-shaped, even though the craft seen in the film is of saucer form.

String is clearly visible from the top of the wobbly saucer to the top of the screen.

Several exterior sets on sound-stages are interspersed with second-unit footage shot outdoors (for example, the old man's reanimated corpse chasing Paula Trent through the cemetery). In a number of these scenes the outdoor footage was intended to be shot day-for-night, but this is not apparent in video transfers of the film, making these scenes contrast harshly against the on-set footage. Similarly, one (obviously cardboard) porthole on the alien spaceship shows a cloudy day outside, during a scene set at night, while the others show only devoid blackness.^[2]

In addition, Mason's attempts to hide the fact he is not Lugosi are ineffective.^[2] As an early version of Leonard Maltin's movie guidebook puts it, "Lugosi died during production, and it shows." At one point, as his character is being riddled with bullet blanks, Mason's Dracula cape unintentionally starts to slip off his shoulders, so he quickly pulls it back into place while simultaneously attacking a cop, rendering the scene anti-climactic.^[2]

A visible shadow of the boom microphone in a cockpit scene.

During the first airplane cockpit scene, Norma McCarty as Edith the flight attendant bumps the curtain several times while waiting to enter. The first officer also shows two mistakes: first, he is visibly reading from the script which is in his lap; second, he uses a candlestick telephone, rather than a microphone, to communicate with the tower. Also in that scene, a flash of light from a flying saucer reveals the shadow of the boom microphone as the two pilots "fly" their plane without touching the indescribable objects placed before them where control yokes would usually be.^[2] However, the boom mic, non-existent controls, and first officer's script are not visible in the frame in its intended projection aspect ratio of 1.85:1. They were not visible in the film's original theatrical release,^[3] these mistakes are noticeable only because of the film's open matte transfer on video.

In the numerous graveyard scenes shot on the sound-stage, as characters brush against the prop tombstones, the stones wobble, and in one instance fall over, such as the flimsy cross at the right side of the screen in an early scene where a saucer flies overhead.^[2] In the scene where Inspector Daniel Clay's body struggles to rise out of the ground, the "grave" and headstone are clearly out of proportion with the leaves on the ground. Also, the tombstones appear to be only three inches tall.^[2] When Tor Johnson drops Mrs. Trent in the cemetery, a pillow is visible beneath her.^[2]

During the U.S. Army attack on the UFOs, the rockets used are ground-to-ground mortars, that in reality cannot fly at the required altitude to harm aircraft. Also, the majority of the weapons used in the scene were never actually used in combat, and never made it to mass production.^[2] In the same scene, Col. Tom Edwards clearly casts a shadow on the grayish inscrutable "horizon" behind him.^[2] In scenes set in the Pentagon, an Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway map of the United States is hung in the General's office, with the railway's logo conspicuously visible in several shots (while other times being covered up with tape).

Documenting the film

The movie is the subject of a documentary entitled Flying Saucers Over Hollywood: The Plan 9 Companion, which is notable for being 30 minutes longer than the movie itself. The documentary is included on Image Entertainment's DVD edition of Plan 9. The documentary visits many locations related to the film, including the building with Ed Wood's former office at 4477 Hollywood Blvd. and what was left of the small soundstage used for the film's interiors, which is down a small alley next to the Harvey Apartments at 5640 Santa Monica Boulevard.

Rudolph Grey's book Nightmare of Ecstasy: The Life and Art of Edward D. Wood Jr. contains anecdotes regarding the making of this film. Grey notes that participants in the original events sometimes contradict one another, but he relates each person's information for posterity regardless.

In 1994 Tim Burton directed a fictionalized biopic, Ed Wood, which climaxes with the making and release of Plan 9. Ed Wood starred Johnny Depp in the title role, Martin Landau as Bela Lugosi, and Bill Murray as John Breckinridge (who played the alien "Ruler" in Plan 9). Ed Wood also featured frequent Wood cohorts Conrad Brooks and Gregory Walcott, both of whom appeared in Plan 9. The gala premiere depicted in the film never took place; Wood's films were always released quietly and on a limited basis.

In 2007 a documentary by Kevin Sean Michaels entitled Vampira: The Movie, was produced chronicling Maila Nurmi's work with Wood and her role as television's first horror host.

Legacy

As an ode to Plan 9 being famously known as "the worst film of all time," pre-release copies of the colorized DVD included this limited edition air freshener.

Plan 9 from Outer Space was often cited by critics as the worst film ever made, and is referenced often in popular culture. For example, the film was mocked on the television series Seinfeld by Jerry in the episode "The Chinese Restaurant," in which he said, "This isn't like plans one through eight. This is plan nine, the one that worked! The worst movie ever made!" In a later episode "The Postponement," Jerry and Kramer attend a one-night showing of the film.

The movie was also mocked on an episode of Mission Hill titled "Plan 9 from Mission Hill". At the end of the episode, the people watching the film started to laugh and cheer, because they could not help but laugh at the "worst thing they've ever seen".

When the film Battlefield Earth was reviewed by The New York Times, film critic Elvis Mitchell referred to it as being "Plan Nine From Outer Space for a new generation."^[4] The Bell Labs successor to the Unix operating system was named Plan 9 from Bell Labs in honor of the film.^[5]

However, when as many reviews as possible were collected on the review site Rotten Tomatoes, the report was that 66% of critics gave the film positive reviews.^[6] Many of them stated that the film is simply too amusing to be considered the worst film ever made, claiming that its ineptitude added to its charm. There were also claims that the director managed to convey some interesting ideas.

The 2011 list of the 100 worst movies by reviewers in the Internet Movie Database doesn't even list Plan 9.^[7]

In 1994 Tim Burton directed Ed Wood, which includes some material about the trials and tribulations of making Plan 9. In the television series The X-Files, Fox Mulder watches Plan 9 whenever he needs to focus on a difficult problem, claiming that the film is so incredibly bad that it shuts down the logic centers of his brain, allowing him to make intuitive leaps of logic. He has seen the movie 42 times (most likely a reference to the "Answer to Life, the Universe and Everything" from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy). In the 1996 edition of Cult Flicks and Trash Pics, the authors state that, "The film has become so famous for its own badness that it's now beyond criticism."

The film is also noted for its use in the video game Destroy All Humans! The game follows the same format as the film, has a similar title sequence, and includes many other references to the film. Upon the game's completion, a large portion of footage from the actual film is given as a bonus/reward, stored under the name plan9.bik on the actual ISO DVD. A DVD copy of the film was included with certain editions of the game.

The harcore punk group The Misfits named their label Plan 9 Records, which released much of the band's material during their first incarnation in the late 1970s to early '80s. British electronic music outfit 808 State also released a single titled "Plan 9" from their 1993 album Gorgeous. Seminal Gothic Punk band The Damned released a song called "Plan 9, Channel 7" on their third album, Machine Gun Etiquette.

Stage versions

A stage adaptation of Plan 9 was staged in the 2006 Toronto Fringe Festival. Plan LIVE from Outer Space! was written by James Gordon Taylor (based entirely on Wood's script) and featured well-known Canadian comedians (most of them Second City alumni) such as Lisa Brooke, Aurora Browne, Brandon Firla, Chris Gibbs, Sandy Jobin-Bevans and Ron Sparks.^[8] The play won a Canadian Comedy Award in 2007, and a bootleg video of it was released in the same year.

In 1997, David G. Smith wrote and composed the music for Plan 9 from Outer Space: The Musical. It received better reviews than the original film.^[9]

A new theatrical production opened October 2010 at The Brick Theater in Williamsburg, Brooklyn.^[10] In its review, The New York Times said, "Buried deep below the layers of knowing humor, however, is an earnest appreciation."^[11]

Plan 9: The Musical from Outer Space, with book and lyrics by Bronwyn Bishop and music by Ivan Moscotta, opened on May 8, 2011 at the Lehigh Valley Charter High School for the Performing Arts in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.^[12]

Comic Books

Eternity Comics released a 3-issue series in 1991 entitled Plan 9 from Outer Space: Thirty Years Later! which served as an unofficial sequel to the film.^[13]

In 2009 Bluewater Productions released Plan 9 From Outer Space Strikes Again! It is now available digitally exclusively through Devil's Due Digital.

Video game

An adventure game of the same name was made in which the player must recover the film from Lugosi's double, who has stolen it.^[14] The movie was packaged with the game as a VHS tape.

Legend Films release

In 2006 Legend Films released a colorized version of Plan 9 from Outer Space on DVD.^[15] Though the colorization process was largely done straight, unlike the campy bright colors used in the studio's release of Reefer Madness, there were a few alterations. Legend had auctioned off the opportunity to insert new material into the film through two auctions on eBay. The first allowed the auction winner to provide a photograph that is digitally inserted into part of the scene between the Ghoul Man and Paula Trent. The second allowed the winner to have his or her name placed on a gravestone during a scene with Wood regular Tor Johnson. The third alteration is at a point where Eros gets punched and his skin briefly turns green.^[15]

The Legend Films colorized Plan 9 from Outer Space was screened in Atlanta, Georgia at the Plaza Theatre on September 9, 2006, and was hosted live by Elvira impersonator Patterson Lundquist with a live running commentary. As a part of the promotion sets of the autographed Michael J. Nelson DVD were given away as prizes. The event was featured in The Atlanta Journal-Constitution and served as the grand re-opening of the theatre which had fallen on hard times under previous ownership.

Autographed pre-release copies of the DVD were made available in 2005, and the colorized version was also given special theatrical screenings at various theaters throughout the United States, including the Castro Theatre.^[16][17] The DVD featured an audio commentary track by comedian Michael J. Nelson of Mystery Science Theater 3000 fame, in which he heckles, or "riffs" the film in a style similar to an episode of the series, a restored black-and-white version of Plan 9, a home video of Wood in drag performing a striptease (Wood, in real life, was a transvestite) and a comedic feature narrated by Nelson detailing the "lost" Plans 1-8. The autographed edition also came with a limited edition air freshener.^[17] Nelson's commentary is also available through his company RiffTrax, where it can be downloaded as either an MP3 audio file or a DivX video file with the commentary embedded into the colorized version of the film.^[18][19]

Mystery Science Theater 3000

The film was never featured in the comedy series Mystery Science Theater 3000, which mocked B-movies. It has been reported that the reasons for this were the problem of running the commentary format of the series over the film's narrator, as well as the fact that the film was already very well known, and the show's crew preferred more obscure films.^[20] However, the film was included in live performances at the SF Sketchfest by The Film Crew, composed of former Mystery Science Theater 3000 cast members Michael J. Nelson, Kevin Murphy and Bill Corbett. A commentary based on these performances was released by RiffTrax, advertised as a "Three Riffer Edition", due to the fact that Nelson's solo commentary for the film's colorized DVD release had already been sold as an audio file on the Rifftrax website. Many of the jokes from Nelson's commentary carried over to the new commentary.^[21] On August 20, 2009, the RiffTrax trio performed the commentary at a live event in Nashville, Tennessee, and the performance was broadcast to theaters across the United States.

Vampira: The Movie soundtrack

In 2009, Collectables Records released the soundtrack to Vampira: The Movie. It featured songs written Kevin Sean Michaels and performed by Bill Moseley and musician Ari Lehman, centering around the storyline and characters of Plan 9 from Outer Space.

Remakes

Filmmaker Ernie Fosselius created the short film, Plan 9.1 From Outer Space, which featured hand-carved wooden puppets of the characters from the film. The puppets acted out the scenes along with the edited soundtrack of the original film.

As of September 2009, there are two more proposed remakes:

• Grave Robbers From Outer Space was written and directed by Christopher Kahler for Drunkenflesh Films.^[22]
• The remake being produced by Darkstone Entertainment is being written and directed by John Johnson. The teaser trailer was released on the movie's official website on September 9, 2009.^[23] Horror host Mr. Lobo and Internet celebrities Matt Sloan, Aaron Yonda, James Rolfe, Shawn C Phillips, Monique Dupree and Ryan Higa have been slated to perform in the movie.^[24]

The San Diego-based 3-D production & conversion studio PassmoreLab is currently working on the 3-D version of the original film.^[25]

See also

• Edward D. Wood, Jr. filmography

References

• The Haunted World of Edward D. Wood, Jr. (1996), documentary film directed by Brett Thompson
• Rudolph Grey, Nightmare of Ecstacy: The Life and Art of Edward D. Wood, Jr. (1992) ISBN 978-0922915248

1. ^ ^{a b c} Peary, Danny (1981). Cult Movies. New York: Delacorte Press. pp. pages 266–270. ISBN 0-440-01626-6. 
2. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} "Goofs for Plan 9 from Outer Space (1959)". Internet Movie Database. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0052077/goofs. Retrieved 2007-05-06. 
3. ^ BoxOffice Barometer. "Plan 9 From Outer Space" February 29, 1960. Pages 117, 130.
4. ^ Mitchell, Elvis (2000-05-12). "`Battlefield Earth': Earth Capitulates in 9 Minutes to Mean Entrepreneurs From Space". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/library/film/051200earth-film-review.html. Retrieved 2007-05-13. 
5. ^ Raymond, Eric. "The Art of Unix Programming". http://www.faqs.org/docs/artu/plan9.html#ftn.id3015199. Retrieved 2007-05-07. 
6. ^ "Plan 9 on RT". Rotten Tomatoes. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/plan-9-from-outer-space/. Retrieved 2010-07-14. 
7. ^ IMDB. "IMDB Bottom 100". IMDB. http://www.imdb.com/chart/bottom. Retrieved 2 October 2011. 
8. ^ Plan Live from Outer Space at the Internet Movie Database
9. ^ "Plan 9 from Outer Space: The Musical". http://www.queens-theatre.co.uk/archive/plan9fromouterspace1996.htm. Retrieved 2007-05-06. 
10. ^ [1]
11. ^ Goosebumps and Aliens on a Mission, The New York Times 10/19/2010
12. ^ "LVPA". http://www.lvpa.org/. Retrieved 8 May 2011. 
13. ^ "Plan 9 From Outer Space: Thirty Years Later". Atomic Avenue. http://www.atomicavenue.com/atomic/TitleDetail.aspx?TitleID=7548. Retrieved 2007-05-13. 
14. ^ "Amiga Reviews: Plan 9 From Outer Space". http://amigareviews.classicgaming.gamespy.com/plan9fro.htm. Retrieved 2007-05-06. 
15. ^ ^{a b} "Alternate versions for Plan 9 from Outer Space (1959)". Internet Movie Database. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0052077/alternateversions. Retrieved 2007-05-06. 
16. ^ Hartlaub, Peter (March 10, 2006). "What makes a bad movie? For starters, take a look at Plan 9 From Outer Space". San Francisco Chronicle. http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/03/10/DDGIKHG4IH23.DTL. Retrieved 2007-05-06. 
17. ^ ^{a b} McMillan, Dennis (March 16, 2006). "Ed Wood Festival Comes To The Castro". San Francisco Bay Times. http://www.sfbaytimes.com/index.php?sec=article&article_id=4781. Retrieved 2007-05-06. 
18. ^ "Plan 9 from Outer Space". RiffTrax. Archived from the original on 2007-12-16. http://web.archive.org/web/20071216165552/http://shop.rifftrax.com/rifftrax/plan-9-outer-space. Retrieved 2007-12-21. 
19. ^ "Plan 9 from Outer Space VOD". RiffTrax. Archived from the original on 2007-12-23. http://web.archive.org/web/20071223200023/http://shop.rifftrax.com/ondemand/plan-9-outer-space-vod. Retrieved 2007-12-21. 
20. ^ "Mystery Science Theater 3000 FAQ: Subtleties, Obscurities, Odds and Ends". MST3K Info. http://www.mst3kinfo.com/mstfaq/subtle.html. Retrieved 2007-05-13. 
21. ^ "Plan 9 From Outer Space — Three Riffer Edition!". RiffTrax. January 22, 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-01-19. http://web.archive.org/web/20080119144804/http://shop.rifftrax.com/rifftrax/plan-9-outer-space-three-riffer-edition. Retrieved 2008-01-16. 
22. ^ "New Stills From Grave Robbers From Outer Space.". July 1, 2009. http://robojapan.blogspot.com/2009/07/new-stills-from-grave-robbers-from.html. Retrieved 2009-07-01. 
23. ^ "Plan 9's teaser trailer.". September 9, 2009. http://www.plan9movie.com/trailer.html. Retrieved 2009-09-09. 
24. ^ "PLAN 9 - News". http://www.plan9movie.com/news.html. 
25. ^ "BD Horror News - Ha! Ed Wood's Disasterpiece 'Plan 9' Gets 3-D Treatment!". http://www.bloody-disgusting.com/news/20611. 

Further reading

• Will Sloan, "Can Your Heart Stand the Shocking Facts About Kelton the Cop A/K/A Paul Marco?" Filmfax (April 2005), p. 88-89

External links

• Plan 9 from Outer Space at the Internet Movie Database
• Plan 9 from Outer Space is available for free download at the Internet Archive [more]
• Plan 9 from Outer Space at AllRovi
• Plan 9 from Outer Space at Rotten Tomatoes
• The Second Supper Cult Classics Review
• Plan 9 from Outer Space at YouTube